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Astrid Holstad 《Computational Geosciences》2000,4(2):103-139
We formulate mathematical and numerical models for multispecies, multi-phase and non-isothermal reactive fluid flow in porous
media focusing on the chemical reactions and the transport of solutes. Mass conservation and stability in the time integration
are emphasized. We use cell-centered finite volume differencing in space and an implicit Runge-Kutta method in time. Assuming
two space dimensions, we introduce flux approximation for arbitrarily shaped convex quadrilaterals. On equidistant and variable
sized rectangular grids we choose limited κ=
related schemes to approximate the advective flux and the central difference scheme for the diffusive flux. On non-rectangular
grids we recommend the VF9 scheme for the estimation of the diffusive flux. Our model exists as a code.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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JOHN L. LAXTON 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):355-356
Distances from points to closest shorelines in a given direction are used, for example, in some models for estimating wave exposure. Such distances, also called fetch lengths, can be determined using standard geographic information systems. However, performance may be a problem if these distances are required for a great number of study points. Two new algorithms for determining fetch lengths for study points in the same directions are presented in this paper. It is assumed that the two‐dimensional map is stored in vector format, i.e. shorelines of islands and mainland are stored as polygons. The first algorithm works on a set of undirected line segments derived from the shoreline polygons. The other works on a raster representation of the map. The algorithm saves memory by postponing the rasterisation until necessary. Both of the new algorithms have superior efficiency to a previously reported algorithm when the number of study points is large. 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡高速堆积体沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对南海北部陆坡MD05-2905站9个沉积物样品稀土元素进行分析,结果显示MD05-2905站沉积物中稀土含量总量(ΣREE)变化范围较大,其分布范围为60.66×10-6～350.37×10-6,平均值为174.59×10-6,其中全新世样品的稀土含量总量明显低于末次冰期样品,其球粒陨石分布模式与上地壳基本一致。对比发现,其ΣREE平均值相对接近中国黄土和珠江口,而与深海粘土中稀土元素的丰度相差较大,说明其主体可能来自陆源。稀土元素分馏参数δEu和δCe以及富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)揭示南海北部MD05-2905站沉积物与黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩都有联系,显示了多物源多传输方式的特征。另外发现富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)数值在末次冰期时期与全新世时期差别相对较大,末次冰期时期黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩的DF值都远远小于全新世时期,这可能反映末次冰期时黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩对南海北部的物源贡献更大,也反映末次冰期与全新世期间各个物源供给/传输方式可能发生变化。 相似文献
15.
利用5年的GRACE重力数据,计算了南极1°×1°等效水量时间序列,得到每个格网的趋势项,结果表明在西南极Amundsen区域有明显的负增长,超过-80 mm/a,南极半岛存在着负增长,东南极Enderby Land地区质量增长;计算得到2002年7月到2007年9月南极、东南极和西南极冰盖的等效体积变化分别为-78±37 km3/a,-3±46 km3/a和-75±50 km3/a,对应海平面变化的贡献为0.21±0.1 mm/a,0.008±0.127 mm/a和0.2±0.14 mm/a.该结果与国际最新研究结果一致.同时发现冰后回弹是影响利用GRACE研究南极冰盖质量变化的关键因素. 相似文献
16.
This paper points out two numerical problems linked to the resolution of compositional multiphase flow models for porous media
with the finite‐volume technique. In particular, we consider fluid mixtures featuring fast mass transfers between the phases,
hence stiff. In this context, we show how the computation of mass exchange kinetics can be expensive and that erroneous saturation
front locations arise. A numerical splitting method is developed which is proven to be stable with advection‐type time steps,
whatever the stiffness of the mass transfer. The erroneous front location problem is illustrated and shown to be intrinsically
linked to the numerical diffusion. If we assume that the fluids are in thermodynamical equilibrium, we find that spurious
solutions can be avoided by deriving and solving a new uncoupled hyperbolic equation for the saturation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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In this paper we use a Von Mises transformation to study brine transport in porous media. The model involves mass balance
equations for fluid and salt, Darcy's law and an equation of state, relating the salt mass fraction to the fluid density.
Application of the Von Mises transformation recasts the model equations into a single nonlinear diffusion equation. A further
reduction is possible if the problem admits similarity. This yields a formulation in terms of a boundary value problem for
an ordinary differential equation which can be treated by semi‐analytical means. Three specific similarity problems are considered
in detail: (i) one‐dimensional, stable displacement of fresh water and brine in a porous column, (ii) flow of fresh water
along the surface of a salt rock, (iii) mixing of parallel layers of brine and fresh water.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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简要介绍CSR、GFZ和JPL机构的GRACE RL06时变重力场模型数据,并对比分析RL06和RL05数据的解算模型。从全球陆地水储量变化反演结果、时变重力场模型阶方差和C20项时间序列3个方面,对2004-01~2014-11期间RL06和RL05时变重力场模型数据进行对比分析。结果表明,GRACE RL06时变重力场模型数据质量的和精度较RL05有明显提高,其全球陆地水储量变化反演结果去条带噪声效果更好、信噪比更高;在高阶项部分,RL06模型数据的阶方差小于RL05;RL06模型数据的C20项时间序列幅值变化小于RL05,与SLR所得C20项数据也更接近。相同条件下,采用CSR RL06模型阶方差最小,利用RL06模型所得全球陆地水储量变化反演结果信噪比值最大。 相似文献
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Superhumps in low-mass X-ray binaries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. A. Haswell A. R. King J. R. Murray P. A. Charles 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,321(3):475-480
We propose a mechanism for the superhump modulations observed in optical photometry of at least two black-hole X-ray transients (SXTs). As in extreme mass-ratio cataclysmic variables (CVs), superhumps are assumed to result from the presence of the 3:1 orbital resonance in the accretion disc. This causes the disc to become non-axisymmetric and precess. However, the mechanism for superhump luminosity variations in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) must differ from that in CVs, where it is attributed to a tidally-driven modulation of the disc's viscous dissipation, varying on the beat between the orbital and disc precession period. By contrast in LMXBs, tidal dissipation in the outer accretion disc is negligible: the optical emission is overwhelmingly dominated by reprocessing of intercepted central X-rays. Thus a different origin for the superhump modulation is required. Recent observations and numerical simulations indicate that in an extreme mass-ratio system the disc area changes on the superhump period. We deduce that the superhumps observed in SXTs arise from a modulation of the reprocessed flux by the changing area. Therefore, unlike the situation in CVs, where the superhump amplitude is inclination-independent, superhumps should be best seen in low-inclination LMXBs, whereas an orbital modulation from the heated face of the secondary star should be more prominent at high inclinations. Modulation at the disc precession period (10 s of days) may indicate disc asymmetries such as warping. We comment on the orbital period determinations of LMXBs, and the possibility and significance of possible permanent superhump LMXBs. 相似文献
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石楼北区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘。该区域表土层松散易坍塌,在以往的钻探施工中,地层中不同程度的存在涌水或者漏失情况。太原组第三层灰岩可钻性较差,取心作业中频繁发生钻头被堵死的情况。为了解决以上问题,缩短施工工期,对钻具组合和钻井参数进行了调整,采用四翼PDC钻头、直螺杆的钻具结构;取心作业主要采用绳索取心,采用①215．9mm的取心钻头代替该区以往的016．9mm钻头,利用Φ127mm钻杆作为绳索取心工具的运行通道,并采用自行研制的内外管总成和内管取心工具．保证了取心效果;将钻头水眼更改为12mm×2＋14mm＋16ram的组合方式,有效保持了钻孔内的清洁,避免岩屑重复破碎,进一步提高钻进效率。同时介绍了钻探施工程中设备的配套、钻井液的配制、钻井技术参数的选择等。结果表明：该井取心岩心总收获率为92．15％,其中8#煤心质量总采取率为93．50％;井斜3°10′,全井水平位移44．17m,最大全角变化率耋1．1。／30m。对该区煤层气井钻探施工有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献