Ordovician igneous and metamorphic units in southeastern Puna: New U–Pb and Sm–Nd data and implications for the evolution of northwestern Argentina   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Jos María Viramonte  Raúl Alberto Becchio  Jos Germn Viramonte  Marcio Martins Pimentel  Roberto Donato Martino 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2007,24(2-4):167-183

New field, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data (U–Pb and Sm–Nd) for Ordovician rock units in the southeastern Puna, NW Argentina, indicate two lithostratigraphic units at the eastern–northeastern border of salar Centenario: (1) a bimodal volcanosedimentary sequence affected by low- to medium-grade metamorphism, comprising metasediments associated with basic and felsic metavolcanic rocks, dated 485 ± 5 Ma, and (2) a plutonic unit composed of syenogranites to quartz-rich leucogranites with U–Pb zircon ages between 462 ± 7 and 475 ± 5 Ma. Felsic metavolcanic and plutonic rocks are peraluminous and show similar geochemical differentiation trends. They also have similar Sm–Nd isotopic compositions (T_DM model ages of 1.54–1.78 Ga; ε_Nd(T) values ranging from −3.2 to −7.5) that suggest a common origin and derivation of the original magmas from older (Meso-Paleoproterozoic?) continental crust. Mafic rocks show ε_Nd(T) ranging from +2.3 to +2.5, indicating a depleted mantle source. The data presented here, combined with those in the literature, suggest Ordovician magmatism mainly recycles preexisting crust with minor additions of juvenile mantle-derived material.  相似文献   

The globular cluster system of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy: the age of Terzan 8     

Montegriffo  Bellazzini  Ferraro  Martins  Sarajedini  & Fusi Pecci 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,294(2):315-326

We present deep V - and I -band CCD photometry of the globular cluster Terzan 8, recently found to be a member of the globular cluster system of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We accurately estimate the metallicity of Terzan 8, and provide the first direct determination of the colour excess toward this cluster. Our robust age estimate confirms that this cluster is indeed coeval with typical Galactic globulars of comparable metal content, and thus it is probably significantly older than at least two other Sagittarius clusters, Terzan 7 and Arp 2. The implications of this result on the star formation history of the Sagittarius galaxy are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Local disappearance of bivalves in the Azores during the last glaciation     

Sérgio P. Ávila  Patrícia Madeira  C. Marques da Silva  Mário Cachão  Bernard Landau  Rui Quartau  A. M. de Frias Martins 《第四纪科学杂志》2008,23(8):777-785

The Pleistocene (Eemian) outcrops of Lagoinhas and Prainha, located at Santa Maria Island (Azores), were investigated and their fossil mollusc content reported. These studies revealed that the last glaciation affected two groups of molluscs: the ‘warm‐guest’ gastropods with West African or Caribbean affinities (e.g. Conus spp., Cantharus variegatus, Bulla amygdala, Trachypollia nodulosa) and shallow bivalve species mainly associated with sandy habitats (Ensis minor, Lucinella divaricata, and probably Laevicardium crassum). In this paper we focus on this group of bivalves, which has since locally disappeared from the Azores. We relate the local disappearance of these bivalves in the Azores with the lack of sand in the shelf. The specific characteristics of the Santa Maria shelf combined with the sea‐level drop during the Weichselian prevented deposition of the lowstand deposits and permitted erosion of the previous ones, leaving the shelf without a sediment cover. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of local meteorology and aerosols on ozone and nitrogen dioxide retrievals from OMI and pandora spectrometers in Maryland,USA during DISCOVER-AQ 2011     

Andra J. Reed  Anne M. Thompson  Debra E. Kollonige  Douglas K. Martins  Maria A. Tzortziou  Jay R. Herman  Timothy A. Berkoff  Nader K. Abuhassan  Alexander Cede 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2015,72(3-4):455-482

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Contribution of SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology to unravelling the evolution of Brazilian Neoproterozoic fold belts     

Miguel Angelo Stipp Basei  Benjamim Bley Brito Neves  Oswaldo Siga Junior  Marly Babinski  Marcio Martins Pimentel  Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari  Maria Helena Bezerra Hollanda  Allen Nutman  Umberto Giuseppe Cordani 《Precambrian Research》2010

The South-American continent is constituted of three major geologic–geotectonic entities: the homonym platform (consolidated at the end of the Cambrian), the Andean chain (essentially Meso-Cenozoic) and the Patagonian terrains, affected by tectonism and magmatism through almost all of the Phanerozoic. The platform is constituted by a series of cratonic nuclei (pre-Tonian, fragments of the Rodinia fission) surrounded by a complex fabric of Neoproterozoic structural provinces.  相似文献   

Mobility of metals in nickel mine spoil materials     

Sophie Raous  Thierry Becquer  Jérémie Garnier  Éder de Souza Martins  Guillaume Echevarria  Thibault Sterckeman 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

An understanding of the biogeochemical behaviour of metals in mine spoil materials is a prerequisite to rehabilitate Ni mining sites. The objective of this study was to characterize the fate of metals in different Ni ore spoil materials as influenced by hydrological conditions and fertilisation practices. In tropical ultramafic complexes, the different stages of lateritic weathering lead to two types of ores, and therefore, to two spoil types. They are mainly either a clay-rich saprolite, so-called “garnierite”, enriched in phyllosilicates, or a limonitic material, enriched in Fe oxides. Lysimeter columns were designed to monitor leaching waters through both spoil materials. The garnieritic spoil released higher concentrations of Mg (mean = 2.25 mg L⁻¹), Ni (0.39 mg L⁻¹) and Cr (1.19 mg L⁻¹) than the limonitic spoil (Mg = 0.5 mg L⁻¹; Ni = 0.03 mg L⁻¹ and Cr = 0.25 mg L⁻¹). Chromium was mainly in an anionic form in leaching solutions. As exchangeable pools of Cr(VI) in limonite (980 mg kg⁻¹ of KH₂PO₄-extractable Cr) are considerable its release in water may still occur in the case of a pH increase. In mixed spoil, metal concentrations were almost as low as in the limonitic one. The effect of mineral-N fertilisation was a strong release of cations (Ni, Mg) into the leachate. Phosphate amendment did not affect the soil solution composition under experimental conditions.  相似文献   

Land use dynamics in Brazilian La Plata Basin and anthropogenic climate change     

Ana Carolina F. de Vasconcelos  Sandro L. Schlindwein  Marcos A. Lana  Alfredo C. Fantini  Michelle Bonatti  Luiz R. D’Agostini  Sergio R. Martins 《Climatic change》2014,127(1):73-81

The La Plata Basin (LPB) is one of the most important regions for agriculture and livestock production in South America, playing a central role in the world food production and food security. Within its borders is also located the whole Brazilian Pantanal region. Identifying the most important land use sectors in LPB as well as the changes observed in the past years is fundamental to recognize which areas of the basin might be more vulnerable to climate change in order to design adaptation strategies. A general characterization of land use and livestock production of Brazilian LPB was done by using the System of Automatic Retrieving (SIDRA) of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) platform as the major source of data. It was observed expressive increases in land areas used for temporary crops, such as soybean, sugarcane, and maize, as well as increases in poultry and swine production. These important changes in agricultural land use and livestock production are currently associated to non-climatic drivers, but this dynamic might be strongly affected by the consequences of climate change and variability, with negative socio-economic impacts for the whole region.  相似文献   

Perovskite alteration in kimberlites and carbonatites: the role of kassite,CaTi2O4(OH)2     

T. Martins  A. R. Chakhmouradian  L. Medici 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(6):473-484

A microbeam (electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and Raman) study of pseudomorphs after magmatic perovskite from kimberlite (Iron Hill, Wyoming, USA) and carbonatite (Prairie Lake, Ontario, Canada) showed that the early product of perovskite replacement in these samples is kassite, a monoclinic (space group P2₁/a) polymorph of CaTi₂O₄(OH)₂. This mineral can be readily distinguished from its dimorph cafetite (space group P2₁/n) based on the presence of strong signals at ~120, 300, 330, 450, 470 and 690 cm^?1, and the absence or very low intensity of signals at ~250, 420, 600, 800 and 825 cm^?1 in its Raman spectrum. The strongest X-ray diffraction lines, measured for the Prairie Lake material, are [d _obs in Å (I) hkl]: ~3.29 (100) 022; 112, \( {\mathrm{11}}{\overline 2} \) ; 1.764 (61) \( {\mathrm{13}}{\overline 4} \) ; 2.284 (45) 132; 2.601 (24) 130; 2.050 (17) 222; 4.81 (16) 002; 2.034 (15) 042; 2.308 (14) 202; 1.778 (14) \( {\mathrm{20}}{\overline 4} \) . Diffraction lines at 3.60, 2.99, 2.79, 2.57, 2.56 and 1.91 Å, characteristic of cafetite, are not observed. The electron-microprobe analyses of kassite give formulae close to the stoichiometric composition. Progressive Ca leaching leads to replacement of kassite by anatase + calcite, which are also commonly observed as direct products of perovskite alteration in silica-undersaturated igneous rocks. Raman spectroscopy is the fastest and most reliable technique to identify submicroscopic anatase–calcite intergrowths that can be easily mistaken for kassite (cafetite) based on electron-microprobe data. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that conversion of perovskite into kassite and, subsequently, anatase requires initially high levels of f(H₂O) in the system, followed by an increase in f(CO₂) at either decreasing or constant T and f(H₂O). The implications of perovskite–kassite–anatase phase relations for deciphering the late-stage evolution of kimberlites and carbonatites are discussed.  相似文献   

The Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in southern low-latitude regions: preliminary study in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil     

Gilberto A. Albertão  Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos  Marília P.S. Regali  Moses Attrep Jr  Paulo P. Martins Jr 《地学学报》1994,6(4):366-375

A preliminary integrated study of a Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary section in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, provides evidence for an extraterrestrial bolide impact in the earliest Danian. A non-graded, nodular carbonate mudstone/wackestone bed is interpreted as a slump or a mud Flow deposit, induced by a tsunami event or by a gravity mass movement during a sea-level lowstand, the former possibly generated by the K/T boundary Yucatán impact. This bed overlies marlstones deposited in an upper bathyal environment and marks the top of the Cretaceous. Nearly all known latest Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera are recovered from the Cretaceous strata. Iridium shows a marked peak in a thin hemipelagic claystone layer, about 75 cm above the K/T boundary, deposited in a middle to deep neritic environment. The claystone overlies alternating beds of finegrained limestones and marlstones and a 50 cm-thick graded bioclastic packstone, which rests upon a marly limestone breccia of the lowermost Danian. Abundant reworked Cretaceous and rare lowermost Danian microfossils (e.g. E. edita, E. eobulloides, E. fringa, G. irregularis, P. eugubina, P. cf. pseudobulloides, W. claytonensis and W. hornerstownensis ) have been recovered from these strata. These lowermost Danian beds record the sudden appearance of abundant shock-metamorphosed quartz grains, with several sets of intersecting deformation lamellae and microtektite-like microspherules. This suggests that these deposits were formed by an additional tsunami caused by a second impact event in the earliest Danian, near or at the boundary between the Palaeocene P α and P 1a foraminiferal zones. Impact-derived material has not been found in the uppermost Cretaceous beds.  相似文献   

Analysis of stochastic characteristics of the Benue River flow process     

李致家 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(2):142-151

Stochastic characteristics of the Benue River streamflow process are examined under conditions of data austerity. The streamflow process is investigated for trend, non-stationarity and seasonality for a time period of 26 years. Results of trend analyses with Mann-Kendall test show that there is no trend in the annual mean discharges. Monthly flow series examined with seasonal Kendall test indicate the presence of positive change in the trend for some months, especially the months of August, January, and February. For the stationarity test, daily and monthly flow series appear to be stationary whereas at 1%, 5%, and 10% significant levels, the stationarity alternative hypothesis is rejected for the annual flow series. Though monthly flow appears to be stationary going by this test, because of high seasonality, it could be said to exhibit periodic stationarity based on the seasonality analysis. The following conclusions are drawn： （1） There is seasonality in both the mean and variance with unimodal distribution. （2） Days with high mean also have high variance. （3） Skewness coefficients for the months within the dry season period are greater than those of the wet season period, and seasonal autocorrelations for streamflow during dry season are generally larger than those of the wet season. Precisely, they are significantly different for most of the months. （4） The autocorrelation functions estimated ＂over time＂ are greater in the absolute value for data that have not been deseasonalised but were initially normalised by logarithmic transformation only, while autocorrelation functions for i = 1, 2 365 estimated ＂over realisations＂ have their coefficients significantly different from other coefficients.  相似文献