Natural hazards in Romania induced by heavy rainfalls in 1996-1997     

MIHAELA DINU 《地理学报(英文版)》1999,(1)

IntroductionRolnalha,acountryof238391kmZlocatedintheSouth-EanemPaltofEurope(43'37'-8'15'N20,15,~29'41'E)boastSagreatvarietyofnatulalcondihons.ThereliefasawholeisarTangedonthreelevelsfmountainsstirroundedbyhillsandplains,stretchingoutbetWeentheCarpathianMountains(highestpeak2544m),whichencirCletheT~lvAnanPlateauinthecentre,andtheDanubehiverandtheBlackSeatotheSouthandSouth-EaSt,respechvely.Theselevelsareequallydivided(aroundl/3each)andconcentricallydistributed(FigUrel).Theclhate,vegeta…  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(1):105-130

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn  相似文献   

Calpionellids and calcispheres from the upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous deposits in the Resita-Moldova Noua zone, Southern Carpathians, Romania     

Ioan I. Bucur 《Cretaceous Research》1992,13(5-6)

An assemblage of calpionellids and calcispheres identified in five lithostratigraphic units allows the identification of eight biozones in the upper Oxfordian-Hauterivian interval. Since the biozonation according to calpionellids has already been accurately defined by Pop (1974, 1989) for the Marila Limestones and Crivina Marls, the novelty of our approach resides mainly in the extension of this biozonation to the over- and underlying lithostratigraphic units using calcispheres. The possibility of micropalaeontologically delimiting the Valea Aninei Limestones is extremely significant, since the age of these limestones has been estimated so far only by their geometrical setting in the lithostratigraphic sequence of formations in the area.  相似文献   

The Romanian earthquake of August 30, 1986: A study based on GEOSCOPE very long-period and broadband data     

Tony Monfret  Anne Deschamps  Barbara Romanowicz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,133(2):367-379

The Romanian earthquake of August 30, 1986 is the second largest intermediate depth event in this area since the worldwide deployment of digital instrumentation, and the first one since the installation of GEOSCOPE network. It offers the unique opportunity to document this well-known but poorly understood zone of deep continental seismicity using high quality teleseismic data in different frequency bands. The source is well constrained both from very-long period surface wave data observed on GEOSCOPE stations and, independently, from body wave modelling at various worldwide stations. The depth obtained is approximately 140 kilometers, the seismic moment, 0.8 10²⁷ dyne-cm and the mechanism from both data sets is very similar to that of the previous 1940 and 1977 Vancrea events, indicating that these events, although having occurred at noticeably different depths, are expressions of the same tectonic process. However, from the detailed study of the source using broadband data, it can be inferred that the source presents much less complexity than the 1977 event.  相似文献   

Maastrichtian dicotyledons of the Rusca Montană and Haţeg basins,South Carpathians,Romania     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

The Haţeg and Rusca Montană basins (South Carpathians, Romania) yield a rich Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) compressive megafloral assemblage represented by ferns, conifers, monocotyledons and dicotyledons. This paper focuses on the dicotyledons of these basins, based on recently collected material as well as on historical collections of the University of Bucharest, including the Dincă and Răileanu collections, and of the Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, with the Petrescu and Duşa collection. The dicotyledonate association is represented by Araliaephyllum sp., Credneria denticulata, Ettingshausenia onomasta, Ettingshausenia sp., and five other dicotyledon types, a taxonomically much less diverse assemblage than previously published. Differences with regard to the previous taxa lists of the Haţeg and Rusca Montană basins are due to the reinterpretation of the fossil material in the light of recent advances in the field, especially when considering a higher variation of the leaf material, its preservation and its taphonomy.  相似文献   

The smallest of the largest: a new look at possible dwarfing in sauropod dinosaurs     

Jianu  Coralia-Maria  Weishampel  David B. 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1999,78(3-4):335-343

Franz Baron Nopcsa recognised that the Late Cretaceous titanosaurid sauropod from Transylvania, Magyarosaurus dacus, was much smaller than the better known sauropods from the Upper Jurassic of the United States and even from Late Cretaceous deposits elsewhere in the world. In keeping with his biogeographic interpretations, Nopcsa viewed this difference as a consequence of body-size effects via island habitation. We present a preliminary re-evaluation of Nopcsa's claims and their heterochronic consequences using two approaches, viz. (1) regression analysis of humeral data as a means of establishing patterns in body size among titanosaurids, and (2) optimisation of humeral data onto titanosaurid cladograms to evaluate evolutionary trends within the clade. Our regression analysis is based on twenty species distributed among fourteen genera of neosauropods and uses length and mid-shaft mediolateral width of the humerus of presumed fully adult forms, and of growth samples that consist of postnatal to adult individuals. Linear regression analysis suggests that, among adult neosauropods, M. dacus appears to be represented by the smallest individuals; that M. dacus humeri appear to be more similar to those of subadults than to adults of other taxa; and that this juvenile morphology may constitute dwarfing in M. dacus by paedomorphosis. In order for these regressions to reflect their evolutionary context more fully, we also present optimisation analyses of humeral form within Titanosauroidea. Although many aspects of the phylogeny of this clade are relatively poorly resolved, preliminary results of our analyses are consistent with the conclusion that M. dacus was a heterochronic dwarf.  相似文献   

Rosia Poieni copper deposit,Apuseni Mountains,Romania: advanced argillic overprint of a porphyry system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Viorica?Milu  Jean-Pierre?Milesi  Jacques?Léon?LeroyEmail author 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(2):173-188

The Rosia Poieni deposit is the largest porphyry copper deposit in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization are related to the Middle Miocene emplacement of a subvolcanic body, the Fundoaia microdiorite. Zonation of the alteration associated with the porphyry copper deposit is recognized from the deep and central part of the porphyritic intrusion towards shallower and outer portions. Four alteration types have been distinguished: potassic, phyllic, advanced argillic, and propylitic. Potassic alteration affects mainly the Fundoaia subvolcanic body. The andesitic host rocks are altered only in the immediate contact zone with the Fundoaia intrusion. Mg-biotite and K-feldspar are the main alteration minerals of the potassic assemblage, accompanied by ubiquitous quartz; chlorite, and anhydrite are also present. Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor bornite, are associated with this alteration. Phyllic alteration has overprinted the margin of the potassic zone, and formed peripheral to it. It is characterized by the replacement of almost all early minerals by abundant quartz, phengite, illite, variable amounts of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals, minor smectite, and kaolinite. Pyrite is abundant and represents the main sulfide in this alteration zone. Advanced argillic alteration affects the upper part of the volcanic structure. The mineral assemblage comprises alunite, kaolinite, dickite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, aluminium-phosphate-sulphate minerals (woodhouseite-svanbergite series), zunyite, minamyite, pyrite, and enargite (luzonite). Alunite forms well-developed crystals. Veins with enargite (luzonite) and pyrite in a gangue of quartz, pyrophyllite and diaspore, are present within and around the subvolcanic intrusion. This alteration type is partially controlled by fractures. A zonal distribution of alteration minerals is observed from the centre of fractures outwards with: (1) vuggy quartz; (2) quartz + alunite; (3) quartz + kaolinite ± alunite and, in the deeper part of the argillic zone, quartz + pyrophyllite + diaspore; (4) illite + illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals ± kaolinite ± alunite, and e) chlorite + albite + epidote. Propylitic alteration is present distal to all other alteration types and consists of chlorite, epidote, albite, and carbonates. Mineral parageneses, mineral stability fields, and alteration mineral geothermometers indicate that the different alteration assemblages are the result of changes in both fluid composition and temperature of the system. The alteration minerals reflect cooling of the hydrothermal system from >400 °C (biotite), to 300–200 °C (chlorite and illite in veinlets) and to lower temperatures of kaolinite, illite-smectite mixed layers, and smectite crystallization. Hydrothermal alteration started with an extensive potassic zone in the central part of the system that passed laterally to the propylitic zone. It was followed by phyllic overprint of the early-altered rocks. Nearly barren advanced argillic alteration subsequently superimposed the upper levels of the porphyry copper alteration zones. The close spatial association between porphyry mineralization and advanced argillic alteration suggests that they are genetically part of the same magmatic-hydrothermal system that includes a porphyry intrusion at depth and an epithermal environment of the advanced argillic type near the surface.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献   

Transformation of a border region: dispersed agricultural communities in Brasov County, Romania     

Nicolae Muica  Lesley Roberts  David Turnock 《GeoJournal》1998,46(3):305-317

A most distinctive feature of the settlement pattern of the Brasov area is the extreme dispersal of mixed farming encountered in the western extreme of the county to the north and south of Zarnesti: the Bran and Poiana Marului areas. Here a system of peasant subsistence farming developed in a political borderland between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires. Despite feudal pressures, the peasantry took all available opportunities to extend their independence including elaborate transhumance systems. And after seeing transfrontier commerce as a source of plunder, in the tradition of Balkan highway robbery within relatively unregulated spaces, the peasantry has profited through employment in factories, particularly during the communist period. However, the current recession in manufacturing is throwing the rural population back on limited land resources. Although farming assumes an important subsistence role which contributes to stability, the long-term survival of these communities will depend on new sources of income. Rural tourism has considerable potential and a promising start has been made in Bran. There are, however, constraints on the further development of the business and great attention will have to be given to the conservation of the environment in both the Bucegi Mountains and the Piatra Craiului where national park status is proposed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Opportunities, constraints and pluriactivity in rural Romania during the transition period; preliminary observations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Sofer  Florica Bordanc 《GeoJournal》1998,44(4):283-296

This paper presents some initial implications of the changes brought about by recent economic transformations within the Romanian rural sector during the current transition period. As a case study of those trends, within the context of pluriactivity and constraints to rural development, it looks at some characteristics of agricultural production in the Subcarpathian region of the county of Valcea, an area where collectivisation, and thus its influences, had been partial and limited. The paper links micro and macro view points. At the micro level, it looks at the coping strategies, based on pluriactivity, adopted by rural households under changing economic conditions. At the macro level, the paper discusses some of the possible factors supporting as well as hindering rural welfare levels and agricultural development under current economic conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Attenuation of P and pP waves in Vrancea area – Romania     

Marian Ivan 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(1):73-85

The seismic attenuation in the Vrancea region (Romania) is investigated from teleseismic recordings of P and pP waves during the four major, intermediate-depth Romanian events that occurred since the onset of digital instrumentation. Most stations are located in Canada and in the United States, being equipped with a variety of sensors, especially short-period ones. The amplitude spectral ratio method is used, assuming no frequency dependence of the Q _P factor in the range 0.2–2 Hz. No apparent correlation between the derived attenuation value and the type of recording sensor is observed. Lateral variations of the attenuation are obtained, with a very low Q _P area (values down to 33) located in the northwestern part of the Vrancea seismogenic volume. For the stations with different azimuth angles in relation to the epicentral area, Q _P values routinely exceed 200. Most likely, the low attenuation values are related to an upwelling mantle material located immediately beneath the crust, but limited in depth to at least 100 km.  相似文献