渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩地层划分及意义     

潘文静  刘士磊  王清斌  田德瑞  高曦龙  王立红 《地层学杂志》2019,43(2):150-157

渤海海域黄河口南斜坡新生代火山岩规模大,喷发期次多,非均质性强,地震反射杂乱,地层划分对比难度大。为了厘定渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩系地层层位,对研究区火山岩的岩石学特征及火山岩系夹层中的化石展开系统研究。薄片分析结果表明,渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩主要分为火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩两大类,其中火山熔岩主要有杏仁状玄武岩、气孔玄武岩、致密玄武岩、辉绿岩以及角砾熔岩四种,火山碎屑岩以凝灰岩为主。结合渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩中常见铁方解石、沸石、绿泥石等热水沉积矿物、部分玄武岩保存有淬碎结构、氧化系数(Fe2O3/FeO)低以及火山岩与黑色泥岩互层等四方面,证据证实研究区部分火山岩具有水下喷发特征。渤海海域黄河口南斜坡火山岩系夹层中发现了丰富的介形虫、藻类和孢粉化石,指示火山岩系上段为东营组二段沉积,火山岩系下段主体为东营组三段。根据化石的层位指示意义,明确黄河口南斜坡东营组三段沉积时期物源主要来自莱北低凸起的中生界和沙河街组一段地层。通过化石的古环境指示意义,对这套地层的形成过程进行恢复。这套地层层位的落实对明确黄河口南斜坡新生代油气成藏规律具有重要意义。  相似文献   

废黄河三角洲典型钻孔XJ01全新世地层与微体古生物记录     

姚维军  梁兴江  潘刚 《江苏地质》2019,43(1):44-49

钻孔XJ01位于废黄河三角洲滨淮镇附近,钻孔中上更新统顶部与全新统有4个14C测年数据控制,该孔全新统岩性特征自下而上为潮间带含贝壳砾质砂层、浅海相淤泥质黏土层、三角洲前缘相深灰色粉砂、三角洲平原相黏土质粉砂及粉砂质黏土。全新统微体古生物分析结果详细地反映了废黄河三角洲典型区域各时期的沉积环境,其中,全新统下部见大量的有孔虫与海相介形虫,中部微体古生物略少,上部地层中海相介形虫增多。整个全新世微体生物组合揭示了一个河口变化的水动力控制沉积环境。  相似文献   

Microfossils from the Arymas and Debengda formations, the Riphean of the Olenek Uplift: Age and presumable nature     

A. M. Stanevich  E. N. Maksimova  T. A. Kornilova  D. P. Gladkochub  A. M. Mazukabzov  T. V. Donskaya 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2009,17(1):20-35

Studied assemblages of diverse organic-walled microfossils separated from the Arymas and Debengda formations of the Olenek Uplift include several paleobiological groups of microorganisms. Sufficiently large morphotypes of the first group are identified with remains of cyanobacteria. Morphotypes of variable spiral structure, which dwelt in association or in symbiosis with cyanobionts, are attributed to the same bacterial community. The other group includes a series of different acritarch genera whose characters suggest their affinity with green algae of the order Desmidiales. It is very likely that this group coexisted on siliciclastic shoals with large ancestral forms of the present-day brown algae. Several microfossil taxa have been known before from the Neoproterozoic deposits only. With due regard for the relatively gradual accumulation of sedimentary succession lacking large hiatuses and for the regular series of K-Ar dates characterizing three Riphean formations of the Olenek Uplift, it is possible to suggest that there was the Arymas-Debengda-Khaipakh cycle of long-lasted, almost uninterrupted sedimentation within the time span of 1250–900 Ma. It is also admissible that age ranges of some Late Precambrian microfossils are much larger than their distribution intervals postulated formerly.  相似文献   

湖北保康白竹陡山沱组磷酸盐化 微化石新资料及其地层意义     

尹崇玉  刘鹏举  高林志  唐锋  陈寿明 《地球学报》2009,30(4):447-456

周传明(2004)曾报道湖北保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组磷块岩中含有与瓮安生物群类似的磷酸盐化微化石,包括多细胞藻类Wengania, Paramecia, Thallophyca; 大型具刺疑源类Meghystrichosphaeridium, Knollisphaeridium; 球状蓝菌类Archaeophycus; 丝状蓝菌类Siphonophycus, Obruchevella以及新发现的珍珠球藻Bacatisphaera。最近, 作者对保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组进行了重新考察和采样研究。结果除发现上述微化石外, 还发现大型具刺疑源类Papillomembrana compta, Appenendisphaera sp.; 球状化石Megasphaera inornata, Megaclonophycus onustus以及峡东地区常见的丝状蓝菌化石湖北萨洛米藻(Salome hubeiensis)等。研究表明,本文报道的保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组的含化石层位与峡东地区陡山沱组第二段及贵州瓮安上磷矿层下部的微化石层位相当, 组合面貌相似。新资料证明峡东地区陡山沱组第二段出现的疑源类下组合, 包括多细胞藻类、大型复杂疑源类、球状化石、球状和丝状蓝菌化石等, 区域分布广泛, 层位稳定, 具有重要生物地层学意义。  相似文献   

Biogenic signature and ultra microfossils in ferromanganese nodules of the Central Indian Ocean Basin     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Theories related to the precipitation mechanism of the metallic elements in marine manganese nodules have remained controversial between two schools of thoughts (1) chemical oxidation (abiotic origin) and (2) deposition of the metals through microbial enzymatic processes (biogenic origin). One of the most important evidence in support of the biogenic origin is the occurrence of fossilized microbes. However, well-documented literature in this regard is either lacking or very scanty in case of Indian Ocean nodules. Using high resolution FEG-SEM we have recorded various biogenic signatures and ultra microfossils in the ferromanganese nodule samples from Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) that are presented in this paper. The microfossils are mostly protozoans belonging to varieties of bacteria, diatoms and foraminifera. Some of the features recorded in this study have perhaps never been reported before from any manganese nodules. The chemical compositions of these ultra microfossils indicate a high-level of manganese precipitation in and around them in comparison to the distant surrounding areas. While clumpy microbes are enriched with nickel, the rod shaped bacteria are rich in copper. Up to 4.70 wt.% nickel and 5.31 wt.% Cu have been recorded in the fossilized microbe bodies. The high abundance of biogenic features as well as microfossils in the ferromanganese nodules and their chemical compositions support arguments in favor of a dominant role of the microorganisms in the construction of the nodules of the CIOB.  相似文献   

Discovery of Paleogene marine stratum along the southern side of Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone and its implications in tectonics   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hyesu Yun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(5):647-661

The final withering of Tibetan Tethys predicated the absolute retreat of seawater from Tibet, one of the most direct and valid marks of which is the age of the latest marine deposits in the area. Therefore, the dis-cussion on the closing age of Tibetan Tethys actuallyis the dating of the latest marine sediment in the area. In the study of late evolution of Tethys, the study on the latest marine sediments in southern Tibet is the major object of geologists. In this field, a lot of works have…  相似文献   

北海外沙泻湖全新世微体古生物群特征及其古地理意义     

黎广钊  陈荣华  梁文  农华琼  刘敬合 《海洋学研究》1999,(4)

通过对北海外沙泻湖CK10 钻孔岩芯进行硅藻、有孔虫、孢粉的综合分析, 发现全新世地层中有8 个硅藻组合带,5 个孢粉组合带和5 个有孔虫组合。结合14C测年资料与沉积物特征, 认为该泻湖全新世地层可划分为早全新世、中全新世、晚全新世。植被演替为混有落叶阔叶林的亚热带常绿阔叶林→亚热带常绿林→亚热带、热带常绿阔叶林→混杂有中、北亚热带落叶阔叶林的南亚热带季风雨林→南亚热带常绿阔叶林。气候演变依次为热湿偏凉干→热湿→炎热潮湿→热湿偏凉→热湿。沉积相发展顺序为河漫滩相→河口沼泽相→河漫滩相→河口沼泽相→河口湾相→泻湖相→河口湾相→泻湖相。  相似文献   

Quaternary charophytes from Salina del Bebedero, Argentina: their relation with extant taxa and palaeolimnological significance     

Adriana García 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(3):307-323

Charophyte (Charales, green macroscopic algae) assemblages found in Quaternary shoreline sediments from Salina del Bebedero, Argentina, are described in detail, illustrated, and statistically analysed. Fossil gyrogonites, Late Pleistocene and Holocene in age, of Chara cf. hispida var. major (Hartman) Wood, Chara halina García, Chara hornemannii Wallmann, Chara bulbillifera (Donterberg) García, Lamprothamnium haesseliae Donterberg and Lamprothamnium succinctum (Braun ex Ascherson) Wood were identified. A comparison with extant charophyte species of similar ecological requirements allowed for an accurate systematical determination and provided useful data for complementary palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical approaches. On this basis, a reconstruction of palaeo-salinities for the Salina del Bebedero lake, represented by eleven palaeo-beaches, is proposed. Also the associations of charophytes with the ostracods Cyprideis sp., Limnocythere sp., Pampacythere sp., Cypridopsis sp., Darwinula sp., Ilyocypris gibba (Randohr) Brady and Norman, and the foraminifers Ammonia sp., Elphidium gunteri Cole, Quinqueloculina sp., and one species of Discorbacea are analysed, since they are present in both the fossil and modern environments.  相似文献   

聚焦离子束扫描电镜研究微体化石的微观孔隙结构          下载免费PDF全文

胥畅  王文卉  姚素平 《高校地质学报》2016,22(1):207

聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)是将聚焦离子束切割和扫描电镜结合起来的双束系统,可以在纳米尺度对样品进行切割加工与实时成像。文中用聚焦离子束扫描电镜对兰多维列统(志留系)龙马溪组黑色页岩内的几类微体化石进行了观察研究,并显示牙形刺、几丁石、疑源类均发育有亚微米至纳米级孔隙,这些孔隙可以为页岩气的储集提供有效空间,不同的微体化石孔隙发育的差异可以为页岩中有机质孔隙非均质性成因研究提供重要依据。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary environments,vegetation and agriculture in northern New Zealand     

M. Horrocks  S. L. Nichol  P. C. Augustinus  I. G. Barber 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(3):267-279

A sedimentological and plant microfossil history of the Late Quaternary is preserved in two sediment cores from early Polynesian ditch systems on southern Aupouri Peninsula. The study places human activities into a geomorphological and ecological context and allows comparison of natural and anthropogenic effects on two different geological settings: a floodplain and a relatively closed peat swamp. The data fill part of the current gap in the environmental record from northern New Zealand, namely MIS 3 (57k–26k yr BP). There is evidence for an increase in fire frequency in the region after 40k ¹⁴C yr BP, suggesting a shift to drier (and cooler) conditions. Pollen records show that conifer‐hardwood forest dominated by podocarps (especially Dacrydium) prevailed prior to Polynesian arrival and deforestation within the last millennium, with Fuscopsora insignificant throughout. Both cores show sections with gaps in deposition or preservation, possible flood‐stripping of peat during the pre‐Holocene and mechanical disturbance by early Polynesians. The identification of prehistoric starch grains and other microremains of introduced Colocasia esculenta (taro) in both cores supports indirect evidence that the ditch systems of far northern New Zealand were used for the extensive cultivation of this crop. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献