基于分形理论的遥感图像压缩方法的探讨     

穆超  余洁 《测绘信息与工程》2007,32(2):41-43

分析了用分形理论处理遥感图像压缩的基本原理,提出了具体编码方法,实现了遥感图像的分形压缩,压缩效果较好。  相似文献   

局部自相似性与MRF网络模型的超分重建算法     

卜丽静  何欢  张正鹏 《测绘科学》2017,42(7)

针对局部自相似性重建方法的块效应问题,以及MRF网络模型方法外部训练库数据不相关性产生的图像重建误差问题,提出了一种结合局部自相似性和MRF网络模型的超分辨率重建方法。首先,利用图像局部自相似特性,引入自身冗余信息构建高分训练库,然后建立低分与高分训练库映射的MRF网络模型,通过置信传播算法求解MRF模型重建高分图像。以仿真和真实卫星图像进行超分实验,结果表明本文方法能够改善图像的细节,较好地去除了块效应,提高了地物边缘的清晰度。  相似文献   

岩石加速破裂行为的物理自相似律   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨百存  秦四清  薛雷  陈竑然  吴晓娲  张珂 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):1746-1760

掌握岩石变形破坏过程中体积膨胀点至峰值强度点之间加速破裂行为的演化规律,是实现地质灾害物理预测的关键.本文考虑裂纹张开和闭合两种情况,基于断裂力学建立了三轴应力作用下裂纹扩展临界尺度与等效应力的关系.对微元体破坏概率,分别采用以等效应力表达的Weibull分布函数和裂纹尺度分形函数,通过对比导出了形状参数m与裂纹分布分维D_f关系的表达式.一个有趣的发现是,岩石峰值强度点与体积膨胀点应变比仅与m或D_f有关.对岩石蠕变或准蠕变破坏,合理的m值范围为[1.0,4.0],在此范围内应变比近似为常数1.48,该常数是描述不同尺度岩石加速破裂规律的物理自相似常数.实例分析表明,基于岩石加速破裂规律构建的多锁固段脆性破裂理论,其适用性广,尤其在崩滑和大地震预测领域,具有良好应用前景.此外,本文给出了b值与m值定量关系,以解释b值的物理意义,并探讨将其用于地震预测的可行性.  相似文献   

居里等温面深度的探测方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李春峰 《地球物理学进展》2005,20(2):550-557

地壳居里等温面的研究对确定深部磁体结构和了解深部热状态及结构有重要意义.本文对探测居里等温面深度的方法进行了科学地总结,分类和评估,并主要介绍了各种方法的基本原理.较直接的探测居里等温面的方法是根据大地热流值,地温\|深度关系或岩石矿物实验来确定,但是这种方法在实际中并不常用.最常用的方法是应用航磁和卫星磁数据.根据所研究的目标的不同,磁法又可以被分为两大类：单体磁异常法和组合磁异常法.这两大类下又可以有各种不同的应用技术,其中功率谱分析方法最为流行.虽然没有任何一种方法是完美的,针对组合磁异常的统计功率谱分析方法被认为是较成熟的一项技术,并得到了很多的应用及讨论.组合磁异常的功率谱分析方法的理论基础是Spector\|Grant 统计模型,这个统计模型很适用于对区域磁异常组合的分析.为了提高分辨率,无论单体磁异常法或组合磁异常法都需要考虑很大的一片研究区域,这样的结果会降低所获得的居里等温面的横向分辨率,由此所获得的居里等温面深度通常只是某一区域平均居里点深度的一级近似.一项比较特别的技术是Mayhew的最初为分析卫星磁数据而建立起来的等层模型方法.这一方法的基本原理是,根据一些校准点,将一等厚度层上所观测到的不同的磁场强度转换为等磁场强度的深度差异.这一技术与功率谱分析方法的一个重要差别在于它不需要对磁体顶部和底部所引起的功率谱进行区分,而这种区分是功率谱分析方法中所必需的.由于对居里等温面深度的探测是一种反演技术并包含了反演中的非唯一性和数学上的不稳定性,在各种方法的应用中应采取谨慎的态度.近年来,自相似和分形理论的应用为这一领域的研究提供了很多崭新的研究机会和科学思想.自相似和分形模型是对Spector\|Grant统计模型的完善和发展,因为自相似模型考虑了更真实的磁场强度差异的分形分布.另外,这一新理论也揭示了以前很多种方法中的局限性.  相似文献   

地图综合中的地图目标自相似性分形衰减研究     

李雯静  毋河海 《测绘科学》2005,30(3):21-23

分形衰减是指在地图综合中,地图目标随着比例尺的变化其结构形态随之发生改变,其自相似程度是递减变化的,反应到分维数的变化上,称之为分形衰减。本文以分形分析方法作为工具,分维值作为度量参数,分析地图综合中地图目标的分形衰减现象。以扩展分维作为理论基础,从变维分析的角度出发,研究地图目标的自相似程度随比例尺变化而衰减的规律,进一步研究地图目标的尺度指标与分形衰减之间的关系。  相似文献   

A full-scale study of Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for channels vegetated by riparian species     

Alessio Nicosia  Gian Battista Bischetti  Enrico Chiaradia  Claudio Gandolfi  Vito Ferro 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14009

In this article, an open channel flow resistance equation, deduced applying dimensional analysis and incomplete self-similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution, was tested using measurements carried out in a full-scale channel equipped with three types of riparian plants (Salix alba L., Salix caprea L. and Alnus glutinosa L.). In the experimental channel, having banks lined with boulders, the vegetation branches were anchored in a concrete bottom. For each species, the measurements were carried out with plants having different amounts of leaves, different plant density and plant area index. The relationship between the scale factor Γ of the velocity profile and the Froude number was separately calibrated by measurements carried out without and with vegetation. The component of Darcy-Weisbach friction factor corresponding to the riparian vegetation f_v was calculated as the difference between the measured friction factor value (channel grain roughness + vegetation) and that calculated for the channel without vegetation in the same hydraulic conditions. Using these f_v values, the relationship between the scale factor Γ and the Froude number was calibrated. In this last relationship, a scaling coefficient a varying with the investigated vegetation type was introduced. This coefficient, as expected, gives the highest friction factor values for vegetation having branches with leaves. The theoretical flow resistance law, coupled with the relationship for estimating the Γ function having a scaling coefficient different for each investigated vegetation type, allowed an accurate estimate of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (errors less than or equal to 20% for 82.6% of the investigated cases). Finally, for the investigated vegetation species that are characterized by a condition with few leaves or leafless, the scaling coefficient a resulted strongly related to the bending stiffness. This analysis demonstrated that the highest Darcy-Weisbach friction factors correspond to vegetation species characterized by the highest values of bending stiffness. The friction factor values calculated for this last condition are characterized by errors that were less than or equal to ±20% for 90.6% of cases.  相似文献   

Selection of Multifractal Scaling Breaks andSeparation of Geochemical andGeophysical Anomaly     

Cheng Qiuming Department of Earth  Atmospheric Science  Department of Geography  York University  Toronto  Ontario  Canada  MJ P 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(1)

1Multifractalities have been observed and estimated formany quantities in physics, chemistry, as well as earth andspace sciences (see a review in Agterberg, 20011 Cheng,1999al Agterberg et al., 1993 1 Schertzer and Love joy, 1991).The multifractal theory has provided a superior distributiontype for describing the complex measures in comparison withthe ordinary statistical distributions. The former usually involves the multiple moments and parameters (Cheng, 1999alAgterberg et al., 1993 1 Sc…  相似文献   

Coding random self-similar river networks and calculating geometric distances: 2. Application to runoff simulations / Codage de réseaux hydrographiques auto-similaires aléatoires et calcul de distances géométriques: 2. Application à la simulation de l'écoulement     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5)

Abstract

A preliminary method for coding random self-similar river networks and the corresponding distance calculations are proposed in a companion paper. The coding method is applied to generate random self-similar river networks, and the corresponding algorithm for calculating the geometric distances of the links is employed to determine the width function of the river networks, and thus evaluates the adaptability of the process. The width function-based geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (WF-GIUH) model is then applied to estimate the runoff of the Po-bridge watershed in northern Taiwan. The results imply that the separately random self-similar generating algorithm can be used to simulate river networks during the rainfall–runoff process. It can also help analyse the variations of the river network when rainfall locations change and study the influence on hydrological responses (IUH) when the shape of river network changes.  相似文献   

Extended Self-Similarity in Geophysical and Geological Applications     

Vladimir I. Nikora  Derek G. Goring 《Mathematical Geology》2001,33(3):251-271

In this paper we demonstrate application of the Extended Self-Similarity (ESS) concept, recently developed in turbulence physics, for geological and geophysical phenomena. The theoretical background is discussed first and then the ESS properties in fluvial turbulence, sand wave dynamics, Martian topography, river morphometry, gravel-bed mobility, and atmospheric barometric pressure are explored. The main attention is paid to fluvial turbulence and sand waves, while other examples are presented to support the generality of the ESS concept in earth sciences. The results show that the ESS properties of the considered phenomena are remarkably similar to those reported for turbulence, in spite of different underlying mechanisms. This suggests that a general rule should exist which governs a wide class of complex natural phenomena.  相似文献   

线状地图要素的自相似性分析及其自动综合     

王桥 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1995,(2)

通过线状地图要素的自相似性分析和分维估值，研究了线状地图要素的形状结构特征随量测尺度和比例尺变化的规律，并在此基础上，提出了旨在使综合过程自适应进行和保持图形形状特征的线状要素自动综合的方法。  相似文献