南海北部古河流演变对欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理再造的启示          下载免费PDF全文

邵磊  崔宇驰  乔培军  朱伟林  钟锴  周俊燊 《古地理学报》2019,21(2):216-231

欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理演变包含了华南沿海中生代山脉的逐步消减与南海的逐步扩张形成等重大事件。南海北部始新统—下中新统“源-汇”路径研究发现,南海沉积物物源在该时期发生了巨大改变。在始新世和早渐新世,源自南海西部古隆起的“昆—莺—琼”河流系统向南海东部地区输送了大量沉积物,包括珠二坳陷在内的南海北部南侧大部分地区受南海西部物源的控制,仅在珠一坳陷接受来自华南大陆珠江的沉积物;晚渐新世,南海西部物源逐步被北部珠江物源取代;到早中新世,珠江来源沉积物全面越过番禺低凸起进入珠二坳陷,大量来自华南内陆的沉积物被珠江运输至南海盆地,“昆—莺—琼”古河流进一步萎缩,仅在南海西部琼东南盆地分布,并且由西向东沉积物源区昆嵩地块逐渐被海南岛取代。南海西部自晚中新世以来发育的中央峡谷正是该古河流的残余。南海新生代早期“昆—莺—琼”河流系统的发现及珠江演变过程的构建,对于深刻认识该地区新生代早期古地理特征、整个欧亚大陆东南缘的古地貌重建以及盆地的油气勘探均具有重要意义。  相似文献   

天津—河北沿海钻孔地层中的末次盛冰期下切河谷     

王强 《地质力学学报》2019,25(5):877-888

文章回顾了1965年李四光先生追寻末次冰期对环境影响的讲话,以及40余年来在天津-河北沿海钻孔地层中、末次盛冰期下切河谷的发现过程。在源到汇过程中,起码自晚更新世以来,研究区已经是古黄河沉积区,多处发现的末次盛冰期下切河谷底板多位于30~32 m深度,低于全新统底板一般在20 m的深度;与长江口地区钻孔末次盛冰期下切河谷深62 m相比,研究区下切河谷规模不如前者,也没有一个统一的大河口。末次盛冰期下切河谷最远地点,是距现代海岸约80 km的河北省孟村回族自治县县城北侧,即西汉黄河亚三角洲叶瓣顶部。众多钻孔见早全新世快速沉积,只能是黄河支流有这样充足的泥沙供给,在局部顶托了早全新世海侵作用发生。   相似文献   

美国《洋陆边缘科学计划2004》述评   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

高抒 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(1):119-123

经过16年对科学问题的凝练,美国自然科学基金会公布了《洋陆边缘科学计划2004》。该文献确定了洋陆边缘的4个主要研究领域,即大陆岩石圈裂解、俯冲带物质转换、地震带实验、源-汇系统。该计划传递的一个重要信息是：现代海洋地质科学的重点已经从区域特征的刻画转向“过程”和“方法”的研究,即用系统科学的观点来理解过程、机制、动力学,发展和应用多学科交叉方法、过程模型方法、新型现场观测和采样技术。掌握这些最新动态对于我国边缘海基础研究的进一步深入是十分重要的。  相似文献   

Formation of Hengchun Accretionary Prism Turbidites and Implications for Deep‐water Transport Processes in the Northern South China Sea     

CUI Yuchi  SHAO Lei  YU Mengming  HUANG Chiyue 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):55-65

Located at the end of the northern Manila Trench,the Hengchun Peninsula is the latest exposed part of Taiwan Island,and preserves a complete sequence of accretionary deep-sea turbidite sandstones.Combined with extensive field observations,a’source-to-sink’approach was employed to systematically analyze the formation and evolutionary process of the accretionary prism turbidites on the Hengchun Peninsula.Lying at the base of the Hengchun turbidites are abundant mafic normal oceanic crust gravels with a certain degree of roundness.The gravels with U-Pb ages ranging from 25.4 to23.6 Ma are underlain by hundreds-of-meters thickness of younger deep-sea sandstone turbidites with interbedded gravels.This indicates that large amounts of terrigenous materials from both the’Kontum-Ying-Qiong’River of Indochina and the Pearl River of South China were transported into the deep-water areas of the northern South China Sea during the late Miocene and further eastward in the form of turbidity currents.The turbidity flow drastically eroded and snatched mafic materials from the normal South China Sea oceanic crust along the way,and subsequently unloaded large bodies of basic gravel-bearing sandstones to form turbidites near the northern Manila Trench.With the Philippine Sea Plate drifting clockwise to the northwest,these turbidite successions eventually migrated and,since the Middle Pleistocene,were exposed as an accretionary prism on the Hengchun Peninsula.  相似文献   

深海沉积与地球系统   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

汪品先 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(4)

20世纪50年代以来深海沉积学的一系列突破性发展,打破了沉积学的长期静寂,也推动了地球系统演变中一系列相关学科。从几个方面回顾了国际深海沉积学的发展历程:从浊流到等深流,从深海风暴到沉积牵引体,从沉积捕集器到海底边界层的定点观测,从沉积过程的时间序列到海底联网观测系统,以至连接现代沉积过程和层序地层学的"从源到汇",和深海沉积过程在碳循环中作用的研究。由于这种种发展,深海沉积学成为地球系统科学的一个关键环节。回顾半个多世纪来的深海沉积学,其重大进展都是和海洋的现场观测紧密相连,都得益于与相关学科的结合,也都有大型国际计划作为依托,可惜这些计划几乎全在欧美海区。我国当前出现了发展深海沉积学的良机,建议除了增加投入和设备外,要尽快启动深海大型科研计划的实施,并对我国深海沉积学的研究方向提出了三点具体建议。  相似文献   

Sedimentary geochemistry of the Yangtze River： Sediment source-to-sink tracing implication     

Shouye YANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):268-268

The Yangtze （Changjiang） River as the largest fiver originating from eastern Tibetan Plateau, has increasingly attracted considerable attention of many researchers for almost one hundred years. The fiver linking the Tibetan Plateau with the West Pacific Marginal Sea, encompasses variable source rocks and complicated drainage patterns and spans across distinct climate zones. The increasing human activities in the last 2000 years have significantly changed the weathering process and sediment source-to-sink pattern in the fiver basins. In terms of this, the Yangtze drainage basin as well as the deltaic and coastal areas can be regarded as one of the best regions in the world to investigate the source-to-sink process of continental sediments into the marginal sea. In the past ten years we systematically measured elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Yangtze riverine sediments which were collected from the mainstream and main tributaries. Analytical results clearly showed that the Yangtze sediments yield geochemical compositions different from those of other fiver sediments due to the very complicated source rock types and variable chemical weathering regimes in the large drainage basin. REE and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions suggest that the sediment source-to-sink pattern in the modern Yantze River basins varies considerably from the upper basin to the lower valley. Different chemical compositions among the main tributaries and the mainstream are responsible for the compositional variations of the Yangtze River sediments. It is a piece of quite challenging work to establish a sediment source-to-sink model to quantifying the contributions of the main tributaries to the mainstream.  相似文献   

Holocene storage of siliciclastic sediment around islands on the middle shelf of the Great Barrier Reef Platform, north-east Australia     

A. D. Heap†  G. R. Dickens†‡  L. K. Stewart†§  K. J. Woolfe† 《Sedimentology》2002,49(3):603-621

Thick sequences of sediment surround the Whitsunday Islands on the middle shelf of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Platform. Much of this sediment is siliciclastic material deposited since the sea‐level highstand at around 6·5 ka. This raises a mass balance dilemma because modern terrigenous discharge to the GBR Platform is restricted to the inner shelf. Shallow seismic profiles and sediment samples were collected over 450 km² around the Whitsunday Islands to quantify the mass of siliciclastic sediment for a dynamic model of the shelf. The sea floor and pre‐Holocene surfaces were mapped using 4584 stations along the seismic profiles and a graphical computer program. The total volume of sediment between these two surfaces is 3·67 ± 0·45 × 10⁹ m³. This volume is composed of buried reefs (0·13 ± 0·01 × 10⁹ m³), medium‐ (0·70 ± 0·30 × 10⁹ m³) and fine‐grained shoals (2·84 ± 0·35 × 10⁹ m³). The volume estimates combined with measurements of carbonate concentration, density and porosity indicate that 1850 ± 380 Mt of Holocene siliciclastic sediment surround the Whitsunday Islands in medium‐ (510 ± 225 Mt) and fine‐grained shoals (1340 ± 155 Mt). The total mass of siliciclastic material is 1·7–2·6 times that stored in Cleveland Bay, a similar sized repository on the inner shelf. A simple numerical model has been constructed to explain this large quantity of Holocene siliciclastic sediment. The model results in the appropriate siliciclastic mass next to the Whitsunday Islands by integrating regional shelf processes over time. Unlike the present day, rivers discharged sediment to the middle shelf during the early Holocene. This material was subsequently focused by northward transport into the vicinity of the islands, a geomorphologically complex region that serves as a sediment trap. Although direct riverine inputs to the middle shelf have stopped during the present sea‐level highstand, previously deposited siliciclastic sediment is continually being winnowed from the middle shelf and redeposited next to the Whitsunday Islands. The transport and distribution of siliciclastic sediment on the GBR Platform is thus influenced significantly by storage around islands on the middle shelf.  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of source-to-sink system controls on sand-body distribution of the Paleogene in Chengbei low uplift and surrounding areas,Bohai Bay Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Hu He-Wei  Li Hui-Yong  Yu Hai-Bo  Xiao Shu-Guang  Xu Wei 《古地理学报》1999,22(2):266-277

In this paper,Chengbei low uplift and the surrounding areas is taken as a whole source-sink system. On the basis of this,utilizing logging,well logging,rock core and 3D seismic data,analysis of sedimentary system types and features of Chengbei low uplift,the quantitative relationship of elements in source-to-sink system is discussed. The results indicate that lithology of basement rock in the Chenbei low uplift is Mesozoic clastic rock during the Paleogene,thin section and the geophysical response data in this study,basement rock is subdivided into nine drainage systems. The corresponding transport pathways including fifteen paleo-valleys and two fault-troughs are identified in the Chenbei low uplift. The paleo-valleys are further subdivided into V shape,U shape,W shape. Fan deltas,semi-deep lacustrine and deep lacustrine is developed in steep slope zone of Chengbei low uplift,which presents isolated lob shape in plane distribution. Braided river delta,shore-shallow,semi-deep lacustrine and deep lacustrine is mainly developed in gentle slope belt,which is featured with wide and continuous plane distribution and superimposed vertical distribution. The characterization of elements in source-to-sink system indicates that volume of depositional systems is closely related to drainage area,length,width,width/length of paleo-valleys. Coupling mode of the source-to-sink system suggests that effective source area controls the size of sedimentary system;sand transporting path controls sedimentary distribution direction and shape.  相似文献   

Evaluation of storage–discharge relationships and recession analysis-based distributed hourly runoff simulation in large-scale,mountainous and snow-influenced catchment     

Teklu T. Hailegeorgis  Knut Alfredsen  Yisak S. Abdella  Sjur Kolberg 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(16):2872-2886

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of a recession-based “top-down” model for distributed hourly runoff simulation in macroscale mountainous catchments is rare in the literature. We evaluated such a model for a 3090 km² boreal catchment and its internal sub-catchments. The main research question is how the model performs when parameters are either estimated from streamflow recession or obtained by calibration. The model reproduced observed streamflow hydrographs (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency up to 0.83) and flow duration curves. Transferability of parameters to the sub-catchments validates the performance of the model, and indicates an opportunity for prediction in ungauged sites. However, the cases of parameter estimation and calibration excluding the effects of runoff routing underestimate peak flows. The lower end of the recession and the minimum length of recession segments included are the main sources of uncertainty for parameter estimation. Despite the small number of calibrated parameters, the model is susceptible to parameter uncertainty and identifiability problems.