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土地利用变化对20世纪中国地区气候干湿变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用CMIP5耦合模式历史情景和土地利用情景结果,定量评估了模拟的土地利用变化对20世纪中国地区气候干湿变化的影响。结果表明,土地利用的变化加剧了20世纪中国地区干旱化的进程,其贡献约为1/3。其中,湿润区具有显著变干的趋势,土地利用变化的贡献约为35.4%;半干旱区显著变干,土地利用对半干旱地区变干的贡献不显著;两种情景下干旱区干湿变化都不显著。在土地利用情景下,中国地区土地利用的变化主要表现为一级土地的减少和牧草用地的增加,二者分别从国土面积的72.7%和12.9%(1901年)变为36.0%和41.9%(2004年),且1950年代之后变化速率显著增大。其中大面积显著的变化主要发生在青藏高原、内蒙古以及新疆北部地区,导致这些地区降水减少、温度降低,而降水减少带来的干旱化作用大于温度降低带来的变湿作用。 相似文献
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为了用气候模式研究冰雪圈变化的气候效应，我们在已经发展的土壤－植被－大气模式基础上，考虑积雪改变表水文和反照率的参数化，建立了包含雪盖问题的陆面过程模式。利用中国西北黑河地区的ＨＥＩＦＥ实测气象和辐射资料，检验了模式对大气降雨和降雪的响应，结果表明，该模式描写的各种物理过程合理，一些可观测要素（如地面温度和地表净辐射通量）的演变特征与实况相当一致。 相似文献
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近100年全球温度场中的年代际振荡 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
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近百年中国气候经历了两次明显的年代际变暖,分别发生在20世纪40年代之前和70年代之后。由大气环流变化引起的冷、暖平流异常可为理解两次变暖提供参考。首先基于最新研制的近百年32站气温观测和集合经验模分解（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD）方法揭示两次变暖过程中国的冷、暖分布格局,进而利用全球格点气温和海平面气压资料计算了同期地转风导致的温度平流。结果表明,20世纪40年代中国华北北部至东北大部分地区和华南沿海局部地区偏冷而中东部至西南内陆大部分地区偏暖的年代际气候异常,站点冷、暖异常与大尺度温度平流的空间关联系数达0.85;而对于近20年中国气候变暖而言,这一关联系数仅0.49。研究结果从一个新颖的角度说明:早期变暖过程中气候系统内部过程如大气环流异常的作用较大,而近几十年气候变暖则更多地受迫于外强迫。 相似文献
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Comparison of two homogenized datasets of daily maximum/mean/minimum temperature in China during 1960–2013 
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下载免费PDF全文 Two homogenized datasets of daily maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tm), and minimum temperature (Tmin) series in China have recently been developed. One is CHTM3.0, based on the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization (MASH) method, and includes 753 stations for the period 1960–2013. The other is CHHTD1.0, based on the Relative Homogenization test (RHtest), and includes 2419 stations over the period 1951–2011. The daily Tmax/Tm/Tmin series at 751 stations, which are in both datasets, are chosen and compared against the raw dataset, with regard to the number of breakpoints, long-term climate trends, and their geographical patterns. The results indicate that some robust break points associated with relocations can be detected, the inhomogeneities are removed by both the MASH and RHtest method, and the data quality is improved in both homogenized datasets. However, the differences between CHTM3.0 and CHHTD1.0 are notable. By and large, in CHHTD1.0, the break points detected are fewer, but the adjustments for inhomogeneities and the resultant changes of linear trend estimates are larger. In contrast, CHTM3.0 provides more reasonable geographical patterns of long-term climate trends over the region. The reasons for the differences between the datasets include: (1) different algorithms for creating reference series for adjusting the candidate series—more neighboring stations used in MASH and hence larger-scale regional signals retained; (2) different algorithms for calculating the adjustments—larger adjustments in RHtest in general, partly due to the individual local reference information used; and (3) different rules for judging inhomogeneity—all detected break points are adjusted in CHTM3.0, based on MASH, while a number of break points detected via RHtest but without supporting metadata are overlooked in CHHTD1.0. The present results suggest that CHTM3.0 is more suitable for analyses of large-scale climate change in China, while CHHTD1.0 contains more original information regarding station temperature records. 相似文献
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对风速进行准确预测是精细化天气预报服务(如风能发电、冬季奥运会赛场条件保障等)的重要环节。本文基于三种机器学习算法(LASSO回归、随机森林和深度学习),对数值天气预报模式ECMWF预测的华北地区近地面10 m风速进行订正。首先利用LASSO回归算法提取对10 m风速有重要影响的气象要素特征集,将其作为三种机器学习算法的输入,建立相应模型对ECMWF预测的风速进行订正。用提取后的气象要素特征集建模有助于减少计算量和存储开销,并减小模型的复杂性,从而提高模型的泛化能力。将订正结果与传统订正方法模式输出统计(model output statistics,MOS)得到的订正结果进行对比。结果表明,三种机器学习算法的订正效果均好于MOS方法,显示了机器学习方法在改善局地精准气象预报方面的潜力。 相似文献
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关于全球冷暖和亚,非夏季风区干湿变迁之联系的一个述评 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于近年来的多种资料分析结果，讨论了不同时间尺度上全球热状况这于中国东部和其它低纬亚非夏季风影响区干湿变迁的宏观控制作用。指出：在丰年以上时间尺度上，全球暖而夏季风强从而导致有关区域多雨偏湿，全球冷则夏季风区域多偏干；但较短时间尺度上的全球性冷暖波动往往不足以使各地的夏季风系统和干湿状况产生一致响应。 相似文献
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气象台站观测的地面气候资料是气候变化研究的重要基础,气候资料的均一性检验和订正对于提高气候资料的质量和均一性状况具有实用意义和价值.通过回顾近年来国内外地面气候资料均一性研究进展、研究技术及发展趋势,总结了目前国内广泛应用的两种较为成熟的均一化方法(RHtest和MASH)及其对气温、风速资料均一性研究取得的一些成果,... 相似文献
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夏江江 严中伟 周文 FONG Soi Kun LEONG Ka Cheng TANG Iu Man CHANG S W LEONG W K 靳少非 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(9):78-84
Projections of potential submerged area due to sea level rise are helpful for improving understanding of the influence of ongoing global warming on coastal areas. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to adaptively decompose the sea level time series in order to extract the secular trend component. Then the linear relationship between the global mean sea level(GMSL) change and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD)sea level change is calculated: an increase of 1.0 m in the GMSL corresponds to a 1.3 m(uncertainty interval from1.25 to 1.46 m) increase in the PRD. Based on this relationship and the GMSL rise projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios(representative concentration pathways, or RCPs, from low to high emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), the PRD sea level is calculated and projected for the period 2006–2100. By around the year 2050, the PRD sea level will rise 0.29(0.21 to 0.40) m under RCP2.6, 0.31(0.22 to 0.42) m under RCP4.5, and 0.34(0.25 to 0.46) m under RCP8.5, respectively.By 2100, it will rise 0.59(0.36 to 0.88) m, 0.71(0.47 to 1.02) m, and 1.0(0.68 to 1.41) m, respectively. In addition,considering the extreme value of relative sea level due to land subsidence(i.e., 0.20 m) and that obtained from intermonthly variability(i.e., 0.33 m), the PRD sea level will rise 1.94 m by the year 2100 under the RCP8.5scenario with the upper uncertainty level(i.e., 1.41 m). Accordingly, the potential submerged area is 8.57×103 km2 for the PRD, about 1.3 times its present area. 相似文献