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11.
降水对洞庭湖湿地水文补给效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过综合运用气象数据、遥感数据和典型下垫面特征资料,采用GIS技术和SCS模型,分析了降水对洞庭湖湿地水文的补给效应。在分析洞庭湖流域降水时空变化特征以及模拟地表径流的基础上,计算面积补给系数和体积补给系数。结果表明,面积补给系数较好地显示出监测时刻湖泊水域面积与流域面积之间的关系,不仅反映了某一时刻湿地水文对补给水的依赖,也定量表明降水形成地表径流后的水文补给效应及其对水域面积的影响;体积补给系数则通过注入湿地中的实际水量反映出降水对湿地水文的补给作用及其对水文循环的贡献,也可通过累加反映一段时间内的补给效应。两者的综合应用可以更好地说明大气降水对洞庭湖湿地水文的补给作用。 相似文献
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基于遥感方法的东平湖水域动态监测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以多时相遥感影像为数据源,通过重点分析最佳组合波段的选择和水体信息特征提取的图像处理方法,为遥感技术在水环境方面的研究提供一定的理论依据。同时,利用数字遥感技术实现随时间变化的水域动态监测和枯水期、丰水期的水域变化的动态监测,为水资源开发策略的制定提供科学的依据。 相似文献
13.
生态系统服务权衡与协同视角下的重点生态功能区保护特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重点生态功能区提供着源源不断的生态系统服务,在保障国家生态安全和社会可持续发展方面,有着不可或缺的基础作用。但是,以生态系统服务权衡与协同关系为视角,进而探讨分析重点生态功能区保护特征的研究案例相对较少。本文以秦巴重点生态功能区为评估分析区域,选择自然地理条件相似度极高的秦巴山区为参照单元,以生态系统供给服务与调节服务为核心内容,在定量分析2000—2019年期间的生态空间变化特征基础上,分析评估生态系统服务权衡与协同关系。结果表明：秦巴山区生态状况逐渐变好,重点生态功能区划定之后,生态系统趋于稳定;重点生态功能区服务能力呈逐渐增强的趋势,平均净初级生产力、土壤保持总量和水源涵养总量比重点生态功能区外分别高出了25.95 gC/m2、5.81亿t和24.95亿m3;土壤保持服务和生态系统供给服务的协同关系与生态状况改善呈正相关;由于受到降水的影响,2010年之后的水源涵养服务与生态系统供给服务的协同关系变差。总体来看,秦巴重点生态功能区的划定带动了区域生态空间“量的增长”和生态系统服务“质的提升”,但生态系统服务之间关系的“协调性”仍然不足,甚至从“协同”转为“权衡”关系,这要求未来国家需要制定更有针对性的生态系统保护管理决策,提高生态系统总体效益,支撑区域生态系统服务的可持续供给。 相似文献
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城市湿地气候调节功能遥感监测评估 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
湿地是地球上最为重要而独特的生态系统类型,在缓解全球气候变化和调节区域气候特征方面具有重要作用。以北京湿地为研究案例,在分析湿地气候调节作用过程机理的基础上,综合运用遥感数据和常规气象站点监测资料,利用CASA模型和植被指数累积模型分别定量反演获得北京湿地年地上生物量和年蒸散量,基于价值量方法定量评估了北京城市湿地气候调节能力。结果表明:①北京湿地地上生物量吸收固定二氧化碳和释放氧气分别约为1.42×108kg和1.03×108kg,价值量分别约为2.83亿元和0.42亿元;②北京湿地蒸散发量约为4.16亿m3,价值量约为1.14亿元。③北京湿地通过固碳释氧和地表蒸散发等过程所形成的气候调节功能总价值约为4.39亿元。 相似文献
16.
中国内陆河流域植被对气候变化的敏感性差异(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Terrestrial ecosystem and climate system are closely related to each other. Faced with the unavoidable global climate change, it is important to investigate terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. In inland river basin of arid and semi-arid regions in China, sensitivity difference of vegetation responding to climate change from 1998 to 2007 was analyzed in this paper. (1) Differences in the global spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation and climate are obvious. The vegetation change shows a slight degradation in this whole region. Degradation is more obvious in densely vegetated areas. Temperature shows a gen-eral downward trend with a linear trend coefficient of -1.1467. Conversely, precipitation shows an increasing trend with a linear trend coefficient of 0.3896. (2) About the central tendency response, there are similar features in spatial distribution of both NDVI responding to precipitation (NDVI-P) and NDVI responding to AI (NDVI-AI), which are contrary to that of NDVI responding to air temperature (NDVI-T). Typical sensitivity region of NDVI-P and NDVI-AI mainly covers the northern temperate arid steppe and the northern temperate desert steppe. NDVI-T typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. (3) Regarding the fluctuation amplitude response, NDVI-T is dominated by the lower sensi-tivity, typical regions of the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare extreme dry desert, and northern temperate meadow steppe in the east and temperate semi-shrubby, dwarf ar-boreous desert in the north are high response. (4) Fluctuation amplitude responses between NDVI-P and NDVI-AI present a similar spatial distribution. The typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. There are various linear change trend re-sponses of NDVI-T, NDVI-P and NDVI-AI. As to the NDVI-T and NDVI-AI, which are influ-enced by the boundary effect of semi-arid and semi-humid climate zones, there is less cor-relation of their linear change tendency along the border. There is stronger correlation in other regions, especially in the NDVI-T in the northern temperate desert steppe and NDVI-AI in the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare, extreme and dry desert. 相似文献
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火山碎屑物的粒度、粒形和分布特征蕴含着其形成机制和喷发的环境信息。基于镜泊湖地区蛤蟆塘火山的一个空落堆积剖面的野外地质和岩相学,以粒度分析和分形理论定量研究了火山碎屑物的粒度分布、粒形几何及其分形特征。蛤蟆塘火山空落碎屑粒度分布均为单峰式,由岩浆爆炸形成的空落浮岩粒度峰值较小,而由射气岩浆喷发形成的含细花岗岩碎屑夹层的碎屑粒度峰值较大。空落浮岩颗粒的类球度、长宽比和凸度都小于含细花岗岩碎屑夹层的数值,表明空落浮岩颗粒相对不规则的特点。利用多段幂律方法拟合了蛤蟆塘火山空落碎屑颗粒分布规律,发现空落浮岩颗粒存在四个幂律分布段（即对应四个分形维数）,这是由于岩浆初始破碎、火山通道内的二次破碎以及风力筛选作用等造成的;含细花岗岩碎屑夹层的碎屑分布有两个幂律分布段（对应两个明显不同的分形维数）,即浮岩和花岗岩碎屑的形成是因不同破碎机制造成的。 相似文献
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北京城市湿地时空演变及驱动力定量分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The decision tree and the threshold methods have been adopted to delineate boundaries and features of water bodies from LANDSAT images. After a spatial overlay analysis and using a remote sensing technique and the wetland inventory data in Beijing, the water bodies were visually classified into different types of urban wetlands, and data on the urban wetlands of Beijing in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 were obtained. Thirteen driving factors that affect wetland change were selected, and gray correlation analysis was employed to calculate the correlation between each driving factor and the total area of urban wetlands. Then, six major driving factors were selected based on the correlation coefficient, and the contribution rates of these six driving factors to the area change of various urban wetlands were calculated based on canonical correlation analysis. After that, this research analyzed the relationship and mechanism between the main driving factors and various types of wetlands. Five conclusions can be drawn. (1) The total area of surface water bodies in Beijing increased from 1986 to 1996, and gradually decreased from 1996 to 2007. (2) The areas of the river wetlands, water storage areas and pool and culture areas gradually decreased, and its variation tendency is consistent with that of the total area of wetlands. The area of the mining water areas and wastewater treatment plants slightly increased. (3) The six factors of driving forces are the annual rainfall, the evaporation, the quantity of inflow water, the volume of groundwater available, the urbanization rate and the daily average discharge of wastewater are the main factors affecting changes in the wetland areas, and they correlate well with the total area of wetlands. (4) The hydrologic indicators of water resources such as the quantity of inflow water and the volume of groundwater are the most important and direct driving forces that affect the change of the wetland area. These factors have a combined contribution rate of 43.94%. (5) Climate factors such as rainfall and evaporation are external factors that affect the changes in wetland area, and they have a contribution rate of 36.54%. (6) Human activities such as the urbanization rate and the daily average quantity of waste-water are major artificial driving factors. They have an influence rate of 19.52%. 相似文献
19.
洞庭湖植被对降水的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
We analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite images and precipitation data from meteorological stations from 1998 to 2007 in the Dongting Lake wetland watershed to better understand the eco-hydrological effect of atmospheric precipitation and its relationship with vegetation. First,we analyzed its general spatio-temporal distribution using its mean,standard deviation and linear trend. Then,we used the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) method to decompose the NDVI and precipitation data into spatial and temporal modes. We selected four leading modes based on North and Scree test rules and analyzed the synchronous seasonal and inter-annual variability between the vegetation index and precipitation,distinguishing time-lagged correlations between EOF modes with the correlative degree analysis method. According to our detailed analyses,the vegetation index and precipitation exhibit a prominent correlation in spatial distribution and seasonal variation. At the 90% confidence level,the time lag is around 110 to 140 days,which matches well with the seasonal variation. 相似文献
20.
青海湖流域景观格局空间粒度效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
流域是生态系统的基本单元和重要空间尺度单元,流域尺度景观格局分析的科学性很大程度上依赖于最佳空间粒度的选取是否准确。选择青海湖流域为研究区,基于卫星遥感数据资料,利用面向对象分类方法,解译获得流域景观数据,通过重采样得到不同空间粒度的流域景观数据,计算得到不同景观格局指数并绘制各指数与空间粒度之间的关系曲线,识别景观格局指数的尺度效应,评估空间粒度增加而引起的景观格局指数信息损失量,确定流域尺度景观格局分析的最佳空间粒度。结果表明:流域景观格局指数随着空间粒度增大变化显著,但规律不同;综合景观指数的空间粒度效应和信息损失量变化特征,流域景观格局分析的最佳空间粒度选择以90 m为最佳。 相似文献