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地质灾害预测评价模型库系统设计原理 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以地面沉降,岩溶塌陷,海岸侵蚀为主要研究灾种,运用模型库技术理论,成功地研制了地质灾害预测评价模型库系统,在研究过程中,除吸收已有先进技术外,还在模型生成,模型等方面开展了大量创造性的工作。 相似文献
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金沙江断裂带中段碳酸盐岩分布区水文地质结构复杂、岩溶水量丰富, 是工程地质安全的重要威胁之一。文章在岩溶地貌和水文地质调查的基础上, 采用水化学和新型同位素测年与示踪的方法, 研究了金沙江断裂带中段岩溶发育特征, 分析了岩溶水补给、径流和排泄过程。结果表明: 岩溶空间分布和地下水补给、径流、排泄均受构造控制; 在垂向上主要存在3个高程级别的岩溶发育分区, 其中二级和三级顶部岩溶的发育时间分别为晚中新世至晚更新世和上新世至晚更新世; 岩溶水补给区海拔4400~4600 m, 主要补给源为大气降水和冰湖水, 水中228Ra/226Ra数据显示非定曲断裂控制范围内水源难以形成跨断裂影响范围的补给; 岩溶水循环速度快, 岩溶大泉的85Kr年龄<15 a, 且基本没有年龄较大的地下水混合; 径流过程中碳酸盐岩溶蚀和阳离子交换作用不充分。在工程中应充分考虑活动断裂影响下岩溶水径流通道空间分布、高水压影响和特殊天气条件带来的地质灾害威胁。 相似文献
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Construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway may face significant geological safety risks of water inrush and mud inrush in the plateau tectonic karst region. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out research on the evolution regularity of the plateau tectonic karst and the relevant karst groundwater circulation mode for the early prediction and identification of the water inrush and mud inrush disaster in the railway tunnel to be built. Based on the field survey and published literatures, this paper makes an in-depth analysis and draws some conclusions. The tectonic karst development shows obvious sequence characteristics and elevation zonation. The first level to fourth level karst development areas were formed before Miocene, late Miocene to Pliocene, Pliocene and Pliocene to Pleistocene, and occur in the elevation range of 4900?5300 m, 4000?4300 m, 3700?3800 m and 2900?3200 m, respectively. Active faults obviously control the distribution and enrichment of karst groundwater. Since the late Pleistocene, active faults have connected different karst areas and formed unique storage conditions for the tectonic karst groundwater in the plateau region. Karst groundwater system can be divided into high recharge area, remote pipeline flow area and concentrated discharge area. The high recharge area occurs in the first-level karst evaluation area, and the third-level and fourth-level are the concentrated discharge area which generally contain the outcropping springs with a discharge of more than 100 L/s. The groundwater system is appropriately divided into shallow and deep groundwater flow system. Karst springs are mainly supplied by ice and snow melting water, and exhibits the dynamic characteristics of the high water pressure, long flow path and deep water groundwater circulation. High CO2 saturation concentration of the melting water and the salt effect of sulfate promote the formation of high TDS sulfuric acid karst groundwater of low temperature. 相似文献
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为分析不同类型老空水水质特征及开发利用潜力,采用统计分析、水质模糊综合评价、水文地球化学模拟等方法,针对晋东煤炭基地晋城矿区二叠系山西组3号煤层、石炭系太原组9号和15号煤层开采所形成的老空水水质特征及演化过程进行对比分析研究。结果表明:(1)二叠系山西组3号老空水水化学类型为HCO3型和HCO3·SO4型,石炭系太原组9号老空水为HCO3·SO4型和SO4·HCO3型水,石炭系太原组15号老空水为SO4型水。(2)二叠系山西组3号老空水Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水占比达75%,具有一定供水意义;而石炭系太原组9号老空水Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水占比为60%,超标组分较多,开发利用潜力不大;15号老空水均为劣Ⅴ类老空水,无开发利用意义,且需加以防治。(3)劣质老空水的形成与环境开放程度和煤系地层黄铁矿的含量密切相关,所处环境越开放,黄铁矿含量越大,老空水水质越差。所处环境封闭时,老空水水质仅与补给水源的水质有关,与黄铁矿含量大小基本无关。研究成果可为矿区老空水的开发利用及综合防治提供科学依据。 相似文献