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引入曾庆存等[1]的分块地形思想,在一个η坐标暴雨模式的基础上,对气压梯度力的计算进行了改进,推导了新的计算方案并改写了相应程序。效果检验表明,该改进可部分地提高陡峭地形处暴雨雨强的预报。 相似文献
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Based on a barotropic vortex model, generalized energy-conserving equation was derived and two
necessary conditions of basic flow destabilization are gained. These conditions correspond to generalized
barotropic instability and super speed instability. They are instabilities of vortex and gravity inertial wave
respectively. In order to relate to practical situation, a barotropic vortex was analyzed, the basic flow of which is similar to lower level basic wind field of tropical cyclones and the maximum wind radius of which is 500 km.
The results show that generalized barotropic instability depending upon the radial gradient of relative vorticity
can appear in this vortex. It can be concluded that unstable vortex Rossby wave may appear in barotropic vortex. 相似文献
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The linear two-layer barotropic primitive equations in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive a gen- eralized energy equation, which is subsequently applied to explain the instability of the spiral wave in the model. In the two-layer model, there are not only the generalized barotropic instability and the super high- speed instability, but also some other new instabilities, which fall into the range of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generalized baroclinic instability, when the upper and lower basic flows are different. They are perhaps the mechanisms of the generation of spiral cloud bands in tropical cyclones as well. 相似文献
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台风“万宜”螺旋带的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用数值模式WRF(V3.1.1)对2007年04号台风"万宜"进行了72h(7月10日00时-13日00时,UTC)模拟。结果显示,WRF模式较好地模拟了台风移动的路径以及强度变化,而且成功模拟了螺旋带的时空演变。模拟的多个要素均呈螺旋带波状特征,但螺旋带中的各物理量的空间分布并不相同。在热带气旋发展初期,螺旋带向眼壁靠拢,眼壁组织化后,螺旋带向外传播,此时,靠近眼壁的螺旋带的涡度、垂直速度等物理量大值区伸展到中高层,而局地激发产生的螺旋带则集中在下层,表现为正、负涡度交替出现的波列特征。 相似文献
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利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2015年7月西太平洋洋面上台风"莲花""灿鸿""浪卡"三者共存期间的路径特征、强度变化及相互作用进行了分析。结果表明:1)台风"莲花"与"灿鸿"发生互旋,导致强度较弱的"莲花"路径发生逆时针转向;"灿鸿"与"浪卡"发生明显的相互作用。2)"莲花"的低层水汽通道在互旋过程中被"灿鸿"夺走,后者产生反馈气流补充前者;"浪卡"与"灿鸿"在对流层高层通过水汽"连体"通道进行水汽交换。3)与"莲花"互旋过程中"灿鸿"产生的反馈气流远比相互作用过程中"浪卡"对"灿鸿"的补充气流强,因此相互作用过程结束后"莲花"暖心与涡度继续维持,而"灿鸿"迅速衰弱。4)两个台风相互作用过程的水汽"连体"通道高度不同,台风"莲花"与"灿鸿"相互作用位于对流层低层,而台风"灿鸿"与"浪卡"相互作用发生在对流层高层。 相似文献
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利用葫芦岛观测站1980—2009年观测资料,分析了葫芦岛沿岸海陆风风速的季节特征和日变化规律,以及海陆风环流对沿岸环境的影响。结论如下:1)葫芦岛站点在冬季出现海陆风日数最多,其他依次为秋季、夏季和春季。陆风风速从春季到冬季呈现递减趋势;海风在春季最大,其次为秋季的,冬季的最小。总体上,海陆风日中海风要强于陆风。2)对海陆风风速椭圆拟合结果表明,海陆风在10:32由陆风转化为海风,海风在16:32达到最大,在21:42由海风转化为陆风,陆风在04:32达到最大。3)由于海风的存在,沿岸地带在春夏两季日最高气温在12时出现,秋冬季的在13时出现。4)能见度日变化在四季中表现一致,早晨能见度转好的时刻比最低气温出现时刻滞后约2 h,在海风维持较长时间后空气绝对湿度增加导致能见度开始转差。5)冬季静止型海陆风日比例最高,再循环型海陆风日在秋季出现最多,而夏季通风型海陆风日出现最多。 相似文献
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利用2006—2013年南京站、安庆站和杭州站探空资料,讨论华东地区探空气球的漂移特征。设计不考虑气球漂移、考虑全部气球漂移和考虑部分气球漂移3个试验,比较3种情况下三角形法计算的散度差异。结果表明:气球漂移主要受大气环流及其变化影响,纬向上7月和8月气球随高度增加,先向东漂移、后向西漂移,其他月份以向东漂移为主,冬季漂移距离大;经向上受季风影响明显。考虑全部和部分气球漂移与不考虑气球漂移的散度对比表明,平均绝对偏差各月在对流层顶附近均有极大值;相对偏差季节分布明显,前者在6—9月较大,极大值略大于7%,后者冬季大,1月在200 hPa达到25%,在50 hPa超过50%。因此,利用三角形法计算散度所在层次较高或所使用资料中传统探空和特种探空并存时,均需考虑气球漂移影响。 相似文献
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In order to achieve the best predictive effect of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to automatically filter the optimal subset of a set of candidate factors of PLS regression model in this study. An improved version of the Particle Swarm Optimization-Partial Least Squares (PSO-PLS) regression model is applied to the station data of precipitation in Southwest China during flood season. Using the PSO-PLS regression method, the prediction of flood season precipitation in Southwest China has been studied. By introducing the precipitation period series of the mean generating function (MGF) extension as an alternative factor, the MGF improved PSO-PLS regression model was also build up to improve the prediction results. Randomly selected 10%, 20%, 30% of the modeling samples were used as a test trial; random cross validation was conducted on the MGF improved PSO-PLS regression model. The results show that the accuracy of PSO-PLS regression model and the MGF improved PSO-PLS regression model are better than that of the traditional PLS regression model. The training results of the three prediction models with regard to the regional and single station precipitation are considerable, whereas the forecast results indicate that the PSO-PLS regression method and the MGF improved PSO-PLS regression method are much better than the traditional PLS regression method. The MGF improved PSO-PLS regression model has the best forecast performance on precipitation anomaly during the flood season in the southwest of China among three models. The average precipitation (PS score) of 36 stations is 74.7. With the increase of the number of modeling samples, the PS score remained stable. This shows that the PSO algorithm is objective and stable. The MGF improved PSO-PLS regression prediction model is also showed to have good prediction stability and ability. 相似文献
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随机森林模型判定热带气旋变性完成时间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气旋相空间作为一种判定变性热带气旋的客观方法得到了广泛应用,但采用不同分辨率的再分析资料计算的相空间参数值会有所不同,若采用固定的参数阈值将给判定变性时间带来误差。本文将热带气旋地理位置、中心气压和相空间参数组成因子向量,采用随机森林方法对1979—2016年间西北太平洋变性热带气旋变性完成时间进行判定。判定结果表明:随机森林在训练集中区分气旋为热带气旋或温带气旋的平均误判率为2.75%,判定变性完成时间和观测完成时间差异在6h以内的百分比为71.8%,测试集中差异6h内百分比为65.9%,差异在12h内百分比超过80%;因子重要性分析表明,纬度值对判定准确度的贡献最大;当变性完成时刻海平面气压较低时随机森林判定的变性完成时间滞后于观测时间,当海平面气压较高、低层冷暖平流较强时随机森林判定的变性完成时间超前于观测时间;在随机森林实例应用中,登陆型热带气旋"莫拉克"和疑难路径"狮子山"的判定结果和观测变性时间一致。 相似文献