柴达木盆地东坪地区侏罗系分布及基岩岩性预测     

尹成明  张弘强  杨大兵  王占斌  吴鹏 《地质通报》2016,35(203):211-220

柴达木盆地东坪地区东坪1井天然气的发现揭开了柴达木盆地基岩天然气藏勘探的序幕。勘探和研究认为,东坪地区基岩气藏以侏罗系烃源岩为气源,纵向上通过断裂、裂缝系统迁移,横向上通过不整合面、优质砂体运移,在花岗岩和片麻岩基岩中聚集成藏。因此,侏罗系分布和基底岩性预测是该区基岩气藏勘探的关键问题。通过CEMP勘探结合重磁资料研究,明确了侏罗系的分布,预测了东坪—冷湖地区基岩分布及特征,与钻井吻合良好,对东坪—冷湖地区的基岩气藏勘探具有指导意义。  相似文献   

山东蒙阴小方山地区金伯利岩床的成矿作用及找矿意义          下载免费PDF全文

王照波  曹和才  李大鹏  卞青  王庆军  杨斌 《山东国土资源》2015,31(5)

山东蒙阴地区盛产金刚石,一直受到国内外地质学家关注。近年来的勘查和研究表明,该区NW走向的金伯利岩不是以往认为的岩脉,而是岩床,并根据赋存层位发现了新的金伯利岩床——珍宝1号。在此基础上,研究了岩床的微量元素特征,并根据构造的切割与地层展布特征恢复了白垩纪晚期时的原始地貌,对岩床的岩浆来源进行了分析。  相似文献   

Holocene flood histories in south‐western USA     

Tessa Harden  Mark G. Macklin  Victor R. Baker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(6):707-716

River basins in south‐western USA are some of the most extensively studied arid land fluvial systems in the world. Since the early 1960s their hydro‐climatic histories have been reconstructed from the analysis of alluvial cut‐and‐fill cycles, while from the late 1970s there have been investigations of slackwater deposits and palaeostage indicators for large floods in stable‐boundary bedrock reaches. However, no studies have regionally integrated Holocene fluvial histories from these two different types of fluvial environments. The current study combines the alluvial archive with flood records from bedrock reaches to generate a probability‐based 12,000 year record of flooding in south‐western USA. Using more than 700 ¹⁴C‐dated fluvial units, the analysis produces a high resolution (centennial) flood record. Seven episodes of increased flooding occurred at 11,250–10,400, 8800–8350, 8230–7600, 6700–5700, 5600–4820, 4550–3320 and 2000–0 cal. BP. Bedrock reaches are found to record more frequent floods during the middle to late Holocene, while in alluvial rivers more flood units are dated to the early and middle Holocene. These differences are primarily the result of selective preservation with alluvial reaches tending to erode during periods characterised by very large floods. Episodes of major Holocene flooding recorded in slackwater deposits within bedrock systems correspond with periods of increased precipitation in the region and lower temperatures. In contrast, within alluvial rivers above‐average flooding probabilities, as well as regionally extensive channel entrenchment episodes, match with reduced annual precipitation and lower temperatures. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the value of the Holocene fluvial archive for reconstructing regional, short‐term hydro‐climatic change in south‐western USA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同裸岩率下我国西南喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀的室内模拟   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王济  蔡雄飞  雷丽  张浩 《中国岩溶》2010,29(1):1-5

以我国西南喀斯特地区作为研究区域,通过资料查询、野外考察,设计加工满足西南喀斯特地区雨强范围的针管式人工降雨装置,针对不同坡度条件下不同裸岩率坡面土壤侵蚀进行12场室内模拟试验。结果显示:（1）径流率在180～300 s之后保持稳定,坡面径流率随着坡度的增大变化较小。（2）输沙率的变化可分为五个阶段:迅速增大、减小、增大、缓慢减小和趋于稳定;同一坡度或不同坡度条件下坡面输沙率均随裸岩率的增大而减小,这种变化量随着坡度的增大而减小,其减小量在40.2%到1%之间。（3）同一坡度或不同坡度的不同裸岩率坡面总侵蚀量均随裸岩率的增大而减小,其变化量随坡度的增大而减弱。   相似文献   

南京河西地区岩土体剪切波速与土层深度的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陶小三  杨伟林  高志兵  洪海春 《地震学刊》2009,(3):320-324

南京河西地区是南京市重点开发的新市区,该区域工程地质条件相似,主要为长江高河漫滩地质地貌单元。本文选取该地区47个典型钻孔的岩土体剪切波速资料,采用三种数学模型进行统计回归分析,运用相关系数R（或测定系数R^2）检验Vs-H之间的线性相关关系,并根据计算的SD值选择较优的数学模型。统计结果表明,该地区各类岩土体的Vs-H线性相关关系显著,说明采用上述数学模型进行Vs-H回归是可行的。对两个工程场地进行剪切波速预测,并对场地类别作出划分,检验结果表明,该地区各类岩土体的Vs-H经验关系是可靠的,符合当地岩土特征,在样本深度范围内有足够的工程应用精度,可以应用。  相似文献   

Holocene evolution of a rock‐bounded barrier‐lagoon system,Cíes Islands,northwest Iberia     

Susana Costas  Castor Muñoz Sobrino  Irene Alejo  Marta Pérez‐Arlucea 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(11):1575-1586

Coastal geomorphology results from the combined effects of contemporary dynamics, sea‐level rise and the inherited geological framework, yet the relative importance of these driving mechanisms may change throughout the evolutionary history of coastal deposits. In this contribution, we analyse the depositional history of the Cíes Islands barrier‐lagoon system, based on lithofacies, radiocarbon ages, and pollen analysis. Our results reveal a sedimentary sequence that provides evidence for striking changes in the dynamical functioning of this complex since the mid‐Holocene. The sedimentary sequence commenced about 7700 cal years bp by fresh‐water ponding of an upland depression located about 4 m below present mean sea‐level. Fresh‐water ponds were infilled by aeolian sediments following a gradual lowering of the water‐table 4000 cal years bp . Post‐3600 cal years bp sea‐level rise allowed water oscillations to reach the elevation of the bedrock causing the inundation of fresh‐water ponds and subsequent lagoonal and marine sedimentation. Subsequently, landward and upward migration of a sand‐barrier led to overwash and deposition of sand in the newly formed lagoon. The resultant sedimentary sequence suggests that climatic conditions played an important role controlling the sedimentation regime during the entire history of the basin; changing water‐table levels during early stages of evolution and increasing storminess during more recent times. In addition, background sea‐level rise related to the Holocene transgression was a key factor in controlling the evolution of the system, yet its influence depended to an extent on the relative elevation of the bedrock topography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Natural experiments in landscape evolution     

Gregory E. Tucker 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(10):1450-1460

A natural experiment in landscape evolution is a case study of landform development in which only one element varies significantly, and for which the driving forces, initial conditions, and/or boundary conditions are well constrained. Natural experiments provide a means of testing landscape evolution theory on the large space and time scales to which that theory applies. Natural experiments can involve either steady or transient conditions. Cases with steady conditions allow one to test predictions about the relationships among topography, erosion rates, and various attributes related to climate and material properties. Transient cases are valuable for distinguishing between models whose predictions might be similar, and therefore indistinguishable, under steady conditions. Essential ingredients of a natural experiment include minimal variation in all but one factor, good constraints on timing and/or rates, well‐characterized processes, and high quality topographic data. Other useful ingredients include information about intermediate topographic states (such as a former valley profile revealed by strath terraces), and knowledge of the time history of erosion rates. In order to deepen our understanding of the physics and chemistry of long‐term landscape evolution, there is a pressing need to identify natural experiments and develop the necessary databases to take advantage of them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩破坏移动演化规律研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

宣以琼 《岩土力学》2008,29(2):512-516

以榆阳煤矿为研究基地,进行了地下水动力学参数、覆岩力学组合结构特征与基岩风化带的阻隔水特性试验。结果表明,风积沙层底部为强含水层;主采煤层上覆覆岩泥岩强度高于砂岩;砂岩孔隙率高,含水率大,抗压、抗拉强度比值高;泥岩和砂岩的黏土矿物含量低、具有典型的脆性易裂、抗扰动能力差和再生隔水能力弱等新的破坏移动特性,并通过多因素拟合,确立了薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩采动破坏“两带”高度的动态变化特征,提出了长壁工作面开采防止突水溃砂的调控技术,成功应用于榆阳煤矿并实现绿色保水开采,为陕北榆神大煤田薄基岩浅埋煤层进一步推广高效开采技术和保护生态环境实现绿色保水开采奠定了基础。  相似文献   

REANALYSIS OF BEDROCK GROUND TEMPERATURE CHANGES PRIOR TO 2013 LUSHAN M_S7.0 EARTHQUAKE          下载免费PDF全文

ZENG Di  CHEN Li-chun  CHEN Shun-yun  LI Dong-yu 《地震地质》2017,39(5):994-1006

Before 2013 Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, the bedrock ground temperature in Kangding station, the cross-fault deformation and the borehole strain in Guza station all show that regional stress changes possibly occurred along the Xianshuihe Fault. In this paper, further analysis is made on the observation data of bedrock ground temperature in the three stations in the Xianshuihe fault zone, and the results are compared with borehole strain, seismometry and cross-fault deformation data. Stress temperature in the three stations dropped suddenly synchronously a few days before the Lushan earthquake, indicating the enhanced tension characteristics of the regional stress in the Qianning-Kangding zone. High-frequency components of bedrock temperature in the three stations also showed synchronous changes in the 80 days before the Lushan earthquake, with an estimated stress change range of 0.98~1.96MPa, an average of about 1.47MPa, which is close to the seismometry results. Besides, tensional mutation in borehole strain is consistent with the enhanced tensional characteristics of regional stress revealed by bedrock ground temperature. Comparison with cross-fault deformation shows that the stress change was different in different active segments of the Xianshuihe Fault in different time periods before the Lushan earthquake, but the regional stress change did appear along the Xianshuihe fault zone before the Lushan earthquake.  相似文献   

Influence of bedrock groundwater on streamflow characteristics in a volcanic catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Masamitsu Fujimoto  Nobuhito Ohte  Masatoshi Kawasaki  Ken'ichi Osaka  Masayuki Itoh  Izumi Ohtsuka  Masami Itoh 《水文研究》2016,30(4):558-572

Groundwater movements in volcanic mountains and their effects on streamflow discharge and representative elementary area (REA) have remained largely unclear. We surveyed the discharge and chemical composition of spring and stream water in two catchments: the Hontani river (NR) catchment (6.6 km²) and the Hosotani river (SR) catchment (4.0 km²) at the southern part of Daisen volcano, Japan. Daisen volcano is a young volcano (17 × 10³ years) at an early stage of erosion. Our study indicated that deep groundwater that moved through thick lava and pyroclastic flows and that could not be explained by shallow movements controlled by surface topography contributed dominantly to streamflow at larger catchment areas. At the NR catchment, the deep groundwater contribution clearly increased at a catchment boundary defined by an area of 3.0 km² and an elevation of 800 m. At the SR catchment, the contribution deep groundwater to the stream also increased suddenly at a boundary threshold of 2.0 and 700 m. Beyond these thresholds, the contributions of deep bedrock groundwater remained constant, indicating that the REA is between 2 and 3 km² at the observed area. These results indicate that the hydrological conditions of base flow were controlled mainly by the deep bedrock groundwater that moved through thick lava and pyroclastic flows in the undissected volcanic body of the upper part of the catchment. Our study demonstrates that deep and long groundwater movements via a deep bedrock layer including thick deposits of volcanic materials at the two catchments on Daisen volcano strongly determined streamflow discharge instead of the mixing of small‐scale hydrological conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献