Determination of Cyanuric Acid in Swimming Pool Water and Milk by Differential Pulse Polarography     

Ümmihan T. Yilmaz  Zehra Yazar 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(9):816-821

Cyanuric acid is a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant in humans. Therefore, determination of trace cyanuric acid is very important, in this work a novel, sensitive, and reliable method was developed using differential pulse polarography. Optimum conditions for analytical determination were found to be at a pH of 9.5, Britton–Robinson at a reduction potential of ?105 mV. Experimental results indicate an excellent linear correlation between the peak current and the concentration in the range of cyanuric acid from 0.5 to 27.0 µM (0.06–3.5 µg mL^?1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were obtained as 0.15 and 0.5 µM (0.02–0.06 µg mL^?1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of cyanuric acid in pool water and in spiked milk. Cyanuric acid level in swimming pool water was found as 2.54 ± 0.47 µg mL^?1 (19.7 ± 2.29 µM) in swimming pool water for N = 4 and 95% confidence interval. The recoveries were found to be sufficient. Also, the standard deviation of the data was low which shows high accuracy and precision of proposed differential pulse polarographic method. The influences of some other commonly found inorganic salts on the determination of cyanuric acid were also examined. Some interfering species were eliminated using complexing agents, e.g., EDTA.  相似文献   

反滤回灌井的结构设计理论和方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李旺林 《地下水》2009,31(1):126-129

反滤回灌井是地下水库中一种有效的回灌设施,它由回灌井和回灌池组成,回灌池位于井口、具有反滤功能。介绍了反滤回灌井单井回灌量的计算方法,提出反滤回灌井结构设计的原则和方法。回灌池反滤结构应有两层,上部反滤层应能过滤回灌水中的杂质,选择较细的砂粒;下部反滤层应能防止上层反滤料通过井盖的孔口落入井内,选择较粗的砾类。从过流能力和水流流态的角度。对回灌池的外型进行了优化,探讨了回灌池池口和池底横截面面积的比例,提出应选择抛物线型竖向剖面,同时介绍了回灌池防淤和抗冲设计的方法。  相似文献   

Sediment routing hypothesis for pool‐riffle maintenance     

David J. Milan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(14):1623-1641

This paper provides comprehensive evidence that sediment routing around pools is a key mechanism for pool‐riffle maintenance in sinuous upland gravel‐bed streams. The findings suggest that pools do not require a reversal in energy for them to scour out any accumulated sediments, if little or no sediments are fed into them. A combination of clast tracing using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and bedload traps (positioned along the thalweg on the upstream riffle, pool entrance, pool exit and downstream riffle) are used to provide information on clast pathways and sediment sorting through a single pool‐riffle unit. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is also used to explore hydraulic variability and flow pathways. Clast tracing results provide a strong indication that clasts are not fed through pools, rather they are transported across point bar surfaces, or around bar edges (depending upon previous clast position, clast size, and event magnitude). Spatial variations in bedload transport were found throughout the pool‐riffle unit. The pool entrance bedload trap was often found to be empty, when the others had filled, further supporting the notion that little or no sediment was fed into the pool. The pool exit slope trap would occasionally fill with sediment, thought to be sourced from the eroding outer bank. CFD results demonstrate higher pool shear stresses (τ ≈ 140 N m^–2) in a localized zone adjacent to an eroding outer bank, compared to the upstream and downstream riffles (τ ≈ 60 N m^–2) at flows of 6 · 2 m³ s^–1 (≈ 60% of the bankfull discharge) and above. There was marginal evidence for near‐bed velocity reversal. Near‐bed streamlines, produced from velocity vectors indicate that flow paths are diverted over the bar top rather than being fed through the thalweg. Some streamlines appear to brush the outer edge of the pool for the 4 · 9 m³ s^–1 to 7 · 8 m³ s^–1 (between 50 and 80% of the bankfull discharge) simulations, however complete avoidance was found for discharges greater than this. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Plant Species Richness Increased Belowground Plant Biomass and Substrate Nitrogen Removal in a Constructed Wetland     

Hai Wang  Zheng‐Xin Chen  Xiao‐Yu Zhang  Si‐Xi Zhu  Ying Ge  Scott‐X. Chang  Chong‐Bang Zhang  Cheng‐Cai Huang  Jie Chang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(7):657-664

The effects of plant species richness on both above‐ and belowground plant biomass, plant nitrogen (N) pool size, and substrate N concentrations were studied in a full‐scale subsurface vertical‐flow constructed wetland (CW). Results showed that (i) plant species richness increased belowground plant biomass and its N pool size but had no effect on aboveground plant biomass and its N pool size; (ii) plant species richness increased substrate N removal, especially ammonium N removal; and (iii) plant species richness had no effect on plant N use efficiency, suggesting that the N pool size increased with increasing plant species richness. More N accumulation could be removed through harvesting plant biomass. We concluded that the N removal performance of the CW improved by plant species richness through increasing belowground biomass and relevant N pool size.  相似文献   

TCA2003全站仪在游泳池长度控制中的应用     

邹为彬  吴大鹏 《地理空间信息》2013,11(2):138-139

比赛用游泳馆泳池长度必须满足相应国际标准,对其精度有严格的质量控制。根据日照市游泳馆工程设计的特点及精度要求,提出了运用TCA2003型全站仪对游泳池长度进行全过程长度控制的方法,并进行了精度分析。  相似文献   

中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩油气藏储层特征比较及其差异分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨明慧  兰朝利 《地质学报》2012,86(8):1198-1209

在中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩储层母岩年代和岩性、储集空间类型以及火山岩岩相综合分析的基础上,探讨了火山岩油气藏的储层特征及其差异性。研究表明,中国古亚洲域火山岩储层的母岩发育年代西早东晚,西部的准噶尔、三塘湖和吐哈盆地发育晚古生代海相、海陆交互相的中基性安山岩、玄武岩及火山碎屑岩;东部的松辽、二连和海拉尔盆地发育中生代陆相中酸性流纹岩、安山岩。火山岩原生储集空间包括气孔、孔洞以及冷凝收缩裂缝等;次生储集空间包括各种溶蚀孔及构造裂缝、风化裂缝等。火山岩岩相可分喷出相、火山通道相、次火山相和火山沉积相。其中中基性岩类多以溢流相开始,相序类型为溢流相、爆发相/火山沉积相;中酸性岩类多以爆发相或火山通道相发端,主要相序为爆发相、溢流相/侵出相。溢流相一般发育原生气孔、构造缝;爆发相多为粒间孔,而侵出相以角砾间孔和原生裂缝为主。火山岩储层的差异受多因素影响,包括岩性岩相、喷发环境以及后期构造、成岩作用等。前者奠定火山岩储层形成与分布的基础和储集空间的发育程度;后者则改造储层的储渗性能。  相似文献   

复杂地形下雷暴增强过程的个例研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

陈双  王迎春  张文龙  陈明轩 《气象》2011,37(7):802-813

本文基于多普勒雷达变分同化分析系统（VDRAS）反演的对流层低层热力和动力场,并结合多种稠密观测资料,对北京地区2009年7月22日一次弱天气尺度强迫下雷暴在山区和平原增强的机理进行了较深入的分析。研究结果表明：雷暴过程受大尺度天气系统影响不明显,对流前期地面弱冷锋,是此次雷暴新生的触发机制,高层冷平流、低层偏南暖湿气流的稳定维持和对流不稳定能量的聚集是本次雷暴增强的必要条件。雷暴从河北北部移进北京西北山区后,在下山和到达平原地区时,经历了两次明显的发展增强阶段。雷暴第一阶段下山增强,地形强迫起着主要作用,具体表现在三个方面：（1）地形斜坡使得雷暴冷池出流下山加速与稳定维持的偏南气流形成了强的辐合区;（2）地形抬升使得偏南暖湿入流强烈地上升,从而加剧了对流的发展;（3）地形抬高了冷池出流高度,使得出流与近地面偏南气流构成随高度顺转的低层垂直风切变,低层暖空气之上有冷平流叠加,使得雷暴前方的动力和热力不稳定增强。雷暴第二阶段在平原地区再次增强的主要原因是：组织完好的雷暴到达平原地区后,其冷池与低层暖舌在城区（朝阳地区）的对峙,产生了强的扰动温度梯度;强的冷池出流与势力相当的偏南暖湿气流相互作用产生了强的辐合上升气流,并与下沉气流在较长时间内共存;冷池出流形成的负涡度与低层切变产生的正涡度达到近似平衡状态。运用RKW理论,三者导致雷暴前方低层的辐合抬升最强,最有利于雷暴的维持发展。  相似文献   

风切变对中尺度对流系统强度和组织结构影响的数值试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郑淋淋  孙建华 《大气科学》2016,40(2):324-340

采用我国实际观测的探空作为中尺度模式Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)的理想试验的背景场,分别改变整层、低层和中层的垂直风切变,研究其对中尺度对流系统强度和组织结构的影响。结果表明,改变整层垂直风切变对对流系统的强度和组织结构影响最显著,增加整层垂直风切变,对流强度增强且易组织成线状,减小整层垂直风切变,对流强度弱且呈分散状态。从垂直速度、水平风场、散度场和冷池的三维结构特征分析了其影响的机制:(1)风切变增加,上升气流与下沉气流的相互干扰减弱,有利于垂直速度的维持和增强;(2)垂直风切变增加造成水平涡度增加,扭转项的作用分别使上升和下沉运动得到加强;(3)垂直风切变增加,冷池强度和高度增加且集中在系统后部,使系统线状组织性增强。研究还发现,增加垂直风切变造成近地面大风和降水增强,且强降水出现在大风之后,这主要是因为在对流发展阶段上升运动与下沉运动互不干扰情况下,强下沉运动造成的近地面大风,而成熟阶段上升运动不断增强或维持造成雨水比湿不断增加形成强降水。  相似文献   

东北平原土壤碳库构成及其与土壤性质的关系     

戴慧敏  刘驰  宫传东  成杭新  白荣杰  崔玉军  杨小波  冯雨林 《第四纪研究》2013,33(5)

东北平原土壤碳库构成具有典型特征:土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)由西部盐碱化、沙化平原向东部低山丘陵增高的趋势,由南向北显示增高趋势,无机碳密度(SICD)具有由西部盐碱化、沙化平原向东部低山丘陵降低的趋势;土壤碳库仍以有机碳为主,不同土壤类型中有机碳密度占总碳密度的56.14％～94.03％,有机碳和无机碳所占比例差别较大;有机碳与总氮呈明显的线性关系,无机碳与CaO呈较强相关性,二者与SiO2均呈较强的负相关性,表明土壤碳库受土壤组成及类型控制最为明显;土壤质地、pH值及其他土壤性质对土壤碳库也具有较大影响,有机碳及无机碳含量与pH值关系的散点图表现为“马鞍型”,但是形状存在微小差别,土壤无机碳含量受碱性条件控制更为明显.  相似文献   

南川市三泉镇岩溶区农田生态系统植被碳库的动态变化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗怀良  袁道先  陈浩 《中国岩溶》2008,27(4):382-387

通过农田样方观测与实验分析获得南川市三泉镇农田生态系统主要农作物的含碳率、经济系数、果实水分系数,结合该区近26年来( 1980- 2005)主要农作物产量与耕地面积的相关数据,用农作物产量与碳储量转换模型计算法估算和分析该区农田生态系统植被碳库的总量及构成的动态变化。结果发现: 近26年来该镇农田植被碳库和碳密度略有提高,具有微弱的碳汇效应。与邻近的四川盆地非岩溶区相比,该区农田植被碳密度较低。针对农田生态系统植被碳库的构成特点和动态特征,该镇今后应进行作物结构调整,适度增加水稻等大春作物的种植和马铃薯、油菜和饲料等小春作物的种植面积,稳定小麦等作物的播种面积; 加强农田基本建设,发展生态农业,以进一步提高农田生态系统植被碳库的碳储量和碳密度。   相似文献