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基于遥感的黄河三角洲海岸线变化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以黄河三角洲的Landsat TM/ETM+影像(1989~2009年)为数据源,采用遥感与地理信息系统技术,对黄河三角洲的岸线与面积变化进行监测。结果表明:1989年以来,黄河三角洲的岸线形状及长度均发生了较大变化,其中北部的刁口河流路区岸线向内陆蚀退明显;清水沟流路区的岸线整体向海域推进,部分区域有蚀退现象;神仙沟流路区主要为人工海堤,岸线变化不大。黄河三角洲的整体面积在1989~2009年处于增加中,但2006~2009年,面积变化为负值。从淤蚀情况来看,1989~2009年,黄河三角洲的淤蚀强度经历了"和缓-剧烈"的过程。这说明20年来黄河三角洲整体上处于增长发育中,但2006年后三角洲整体上呈现蚀退现象,同时黄河三角洲的淤蚀情况变得比以往更剧烈,意味着更强的海陆交汇作用和岸线变化。黄河的入海流路、水沙量、降水量等是影响三角洲岸线变化的重要因素,而人工堤坝能够在一定程度上维持海岸线的稳定。对黄河三角洲海岸线变化的研究有助于有效地管理和保护区域的社会和生态环境。 相似文献
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“十二五”时期,是我省城镇化、工业化、农业现代化快速发展时期,对土地和矿产资源的刚性需求十分强劲,资源供需矛盾加剧,各种问题交织,利益关系更加复杂。由于我省人多地少,人均耕地少、优质耕地少、耕地后备资源少,土地资源禀赋先天不足,许多人民内部矛盾相对集中地会在国土资源领域反映出来,涉土涉矿群体性上访会不断出现。 相似文献
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黄土高原面积-高程分析及其侵蚀地貌学意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
黄土高原是中国乃至世界最为著名的水土流失区之一,黄河的泥沙主要来源于此.面积-高程积分(Hypsometric integral,HI)分析常被用于侵蚀地貌区的地貌发育阶段判定.通过探讨HI与DEM分辨率、分析窗口之间的尺度效应,分析了黄土高原HI空间格局和发育阶段性,并在此基础上揭示了侵蚀产沙和地貌发育关系.研究表明:利用不同分辨率DEM计算的HI具有很好的稳定性,HI对DEM分辨率不具有依赖性;然而,利用不同分辨率的分析窗口所计算的黄土高原原HI值,表现出随着分析窗口的增大,HI表现出按照乘幂函数关系下降的趋势.黄土高原HI具有显著的空间分异特征,即汾渭谷地、宁夏内蒙沿黄冲积平原等地堑凹陷区是HI低值区,而黄土丘陵沟壑区是HI的高值区;黄土高原丘陵沟壑区地貌发育处于幼年期、壮年期和老年期的面积分别占总面积的7.9%、83.4%和8.7%,整体来看处于地貌发育壮年期;黄土高原丘陵沟壑区侵蚀产沙强度和地貌发育过程关系密切,HI与输沙模数存在显著的正相关.当前,黄土高原强烈的侵蚀产沙是其地貌发育处于壮年期的自然表现,这将是一个非常漫长的自然过程. 相似文献
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300年来中国森林的变化 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Based on historical documents, modern survey and statistics, as well as the result of predecessor studies, the trend and main process of forest dynamics are recognized. The forest area and forest coverage rates for each province of China from 1700 to 1949 are estimated backward by every 50 years. Linking the result with modern National Forest Inventory data, the spatial-temporal dynamics of Chinese forest in recent 300 years (AD 1700-1998) is quantitatively analyzed. The study shows that in recent 300 years, the forest area in current territory of China has declined by 0.95×10^8 hm^2 (or 9.2% of the coverage rate) in total, with a trend of decrease and recovery. Before the 1960s, there was a trend of accelerated descending. The forest area was reduced by 1.66×10^8 hm^2 (or 17% of the coverage rate) in 260 years. While after the 1960s, there has been a rapid increase. The forest area increased by 0.7×10^8 hm^2 (or 8% of the coverage rate) in 40 years. The study also shows that there is a significant spatial difference in the dynamics of forest. The amplitudes of increasing and decreasing in western China are both smaller than the ones in eastern China. During the rapid declining period from 1700 to 1949, the most serious decrease appeared in the Northeast, the Southwest and the Southeast, where the coverage rate in most provinces dropped over 20%. In Heilongjiang Province, the coverage rate dropped by 50%. In Jilin Province, it dropped by 36%. In Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality, it dropped by 42%. In Yunnan Province, it dropped by 35%. During the recovery period 1949-1998, the western provinces, municipality and autonomous regions, including Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan-Chongqing, Yunnan, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, etc, the increase rates are all below 5%, while the eastern provinces, municipality and autonomous regions (except Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu-Shanghai) have achieved an increase over 5%, among which the Guangdong-Hainan, Guangxi, Anhui, Beijing-Tianjin-H 相似文献
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In this paper we examine the relationship between Antarctic krill catch, sea ice concentration, and sea surface tempera- ture (SST). Data on the Antarctic krill catch from 2003 to 2010 in CCAMLR Area 48.2 were combined with sea ice and SST data. Results showed that krill fishing in Area 48.2 took place from February to August each year but the catch was concentrated from March to July, with production during this period accounting for about 99.3% of the annual catch. Regression analysis showed that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) was clearly related to sea ice concentration and SST intervals. CPUE was negatively correlated with the area of sea ice among years (R2=0.64), and the correlation was strongest (R2=0.71) when sea ice concentration was greater than 90%. Over the months the CPUE initially increased, then decreased as the area of sea ice increased. The relationship was strongest (R2=0.88) when the concentration of sea ice was 60%--70%. There was no negative correlation among years between CPUE and the ice-free area when S ST was between -2 ℃ and 3 ℃ (R2=0.21), but there was a significant negative correlation when SST was between 1 ℃ and 2℃ (R2=0.82). Over the months, CPUE initially increased then decreased with increasing sea ice-free area, and the relationship was strongest (R2=0.94) when SST was between 0℃and 1 ℃. This study shows that sea ice concentra- tion and SST have significant effects on the abundance of krill in Area 48.2, and the findings have practical significance for the use and conservation of Antarctic krill resources. 相似文献