The origin of dolomite associated with salt diapirs in central Tunisia: Preliminary investigations of field relationships and geochemistry     

Ihsan S. Al-Aasm  Hassen Abdallah   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):5

Black and white dolomite crystals (mm to cm width) of different isotopic composition are associated with Triassic diapirism in central Tunisia, as well as with evaporite minerals and clays. The white dolomites occur mostly in the Jabal Hadifa diapir near the contact with Cretaceous limestones, whereas the smaller black dolomites occur in the Jabal Hamra diapir. The former dolomite has a narrow range of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values (− 3.83‰ to − 6.60‰ VPDB for δ¹⁸O; − 2.11‰ to − 2.83‰ VPDB for δ¹³C), whereas the latter dolomite has a wider range and more depleted values (− 4.92‰ to − 9.97‰ for δ¹⁸O; − 0.55‰ to − 6.08‰ for δ¹³C). However, the ⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr ratios of most of the samples are near Triassic seawater values. Dolomite formation is due to at least two different fluids. The main fluid originated from deeper hydrothermal or basinal sources related to the Triassic saliferous rocks and ascended through faults during the diapiric intrusion. The second, less important fluid source is related to meteoric water originating from Cretaceous rocks.  相似文献   

Double carbonate breakdown reactions at high pressures: an experimental study in the system CaO–MgO–FeO–MnO–CO2     

Martin Morlidge  Alison Pawley  Giles Droop 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(3):365-373

The pressure–temperature conditions of the reactions of the double carbonates CaM(CO₃)₂, where M = Mg (dolomite), Fe (ankerite) and Mn (kutnohorite), to MCO₃ plus CaCO₃ (aragonite) have been investigated at 5–8 GPa, 600–1,100°C, using multi-anvil apparatus. The reaction dolomite = magnesite + aragonite is in good agreement with the results of Sato and Katsura (Earth Planet Sci 184:529–534, 2001), but in poor agreement with the results of Luth (Contrib Mineral Petrol 141:222–232, 2001). The dolomite is partially disordered at 620°C, and fully disordered at 1,100°C. All ankerite and kutnohorite samples, including the synthetic starting materials, are disordered. The P–T slopes of the three reactions increase in the order M = Mg, Fe, Mn. The shallower slope for the reaction involving magnesite is due partly to its having a higher compressibility than expected from unit-cell volume considerations. At low pressures there is a preference for partitioning into the double carbonate of Mg > Fe > Mn. At high pressures the partitioning preference is reversed. Using the measured reaction positions, the P–T conditions at which dolomite solid solutions will break down on increasing P and T in subduction zones can be estimated.  相似文献   

U-Pb同位素定年分析在热液对白云岩储层改造研究中的应用——以塔里木盆地古城地区下奥陶统鹰三段为例SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

刘红  冯子辉  邵红梅  张君龙  张振伟  张亚金  卢曦  张光亚 《岩石学报》2022,38(3):765-776

古城地区是塔东探区的重点勘探区块,下奥陶统鹰三段是塔东探区首要的勘探层系。探寻多期热液作用改造后的优质白云岩储层是扩大研究区勘探成果的关键。本文在储层岩石学特征判识的基础上,应用U-Pb同位素定年技术,结合碳氧锶镁同位素和稀土元素分析测试,分析了热液性质,明确了热液作用发生的确切时期及期次,探讨了热液作用对白云岩储层的影响。研究结果表明,古城地区鹰三段白云岩储层发育准同生-浅埋藏海水成因的粉晶-中晶白云岩及热液作用产物。热液作用可划分为二期:第一期为中-晚奥陶世贫镁热液,表现为鞍状白云石充填缝洞及重结晶次生加大的粗晶白云石,U-Pb测定年龄为464±12Ma到473.9±9.1Ma,氧同位素值比早奥陶世正常海相白云石明显偏负,锶同位素比值明显高于早奥陶世海水值,稀土元素Eu正异常,锶、铁、镁元素含量低;第二期为晚奥陶世-早志留世钙质热液,表现为方解石充填缝洞及对先存白云石的溶蚀,U-Pb测定年龄为448±15Ma到457.4±6.6Ma,氧锶同位素组成严重偏离同时期正常海相白云石范围,轻稀土元素明显富集,Eu正异常,锶、钙元素含量高,锰元素含量低。第二期热液作用是白云岩储层溶蚀的关键,同期NNE向断裂带作为其输导系统,是优质储层发育的有利部位,为有利区带预测提供依据。  相似文献   

Microbialites of the Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite,Southern California     

CARA L. HARWOOD  DAWN Y. SUMNER 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1648-1673

Ancient microbialites reflect interactions between microbial communities and environmental conditions. However, evaluating the relative roles of microbial community processes and environmental influences on microbialite morphology and internal fabric in the rock record can be challenging. The Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite preserves diverse microbialites, and thus provides an opportunity to explore the factors that influenced microbialite development locally. Stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites are abundant in subtidal to upper intertidal carbonates in the Beck Spring Dolomite. Thrombolitic and composite microbialites have not been recognized previously in this unit, but compose much of the newly defined thrombolitic member. Stratigraphic relationships demonstrate that these three types of microbialites formed in close spatial and temporal association in subtidal to intertidal environments. The relative proportions and distributions of stromatolitic and thrombolitic microbialites vary with depositional environment; stromatolitic microbialites dominate in deeper intertidal to subtidal facies, whereas thrombolitic textures are more abundant in upper intertidal facies. Composite microbialites, composed of intermingled clotted and laminated textures, formed in all environments but are most abundant in intertidal facies. The broad environmental distribution of stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites and the intermingling of textures suggest that laminated and clotted textures reflect diverse microbial community morphologies rather than environmental variations. Furthermore, the ca 750 Ma age of thrombolitic microbialites in the Beck Spring Dolomite requires that they formed without the influence of calcimicrobes or metazoans colonizing and grazing the microbial mat surface. Thus, these thrombolites provide further evidence that the biostratigraphic distribution of thrombolites cannot be uniquely attributed to evolution of calcifying and grazing organisms in the earliest Cambrian, and that older microbial communities were capable of producing clotted textures.  相似文献   

Rock pulverization and localization of a strike-slip fault zone in dolomite rocks (Salzach–Ennstal–Mariazell–Puchberg fault,Austria)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

Detailed investigations of dolomite fault rocks, formed at shallow crustal depths along the Salzach–Ennstal–Mariazell–Puchberg (SEMP) fault system in the Northern Calcareous Alps, revealed new insights into cataclasite formation. The examined Miocene, sinistral strike-slip faults reveal grain size reduction of dolomite host rocks by tensile microfracturing at a large range of scales, producing rock fragments of centimetre to micrometre sizes. In situ fracturing leads to grain size reduction down to grain sizes <25 μm, producing mosaic breccias and fault rocks which have previously been described as “initial/embryonic” and “intermediate” cataclasites. At all scales, grain fragments display little to no rotation and no or minor evidence of shear deformation. The observed microstructures are similar to those previously described in studies on pulverized rocks. Microstructural investigations of cataclasites and mosaic breccias revealed aggregations of small dolomite grains (<50 μm) that accumulated on top of large fragments or as infillings of V-shaped voids between larger grains and show constant polarity throughout the investigated samples. Fabrics indicate deposition in formerly open pore space and subsequent polyphase cementation. The newly described tectonic geopetal fabrics (geopetal-particle-aggregates, GPA) prove that these faults temporarily passed through a stage of extremely high porosity/permeability prior to partial cementation.  相似文献   

镁同位素在“白云岩问题”研究中的应用及进展     

甯濛  黄康俊  沈冰 《岩石学报》2018,34(12):3690-3708

困扰几代地质学家的"白云岩问题"不仅是重要的基础地质问题,而且与油气勘探开发实践密切相关。传统岩石学、地球化学研究手段在白云岩成因研究中起了重要作用,但均不能对其形成过程及Mg离子来源提供很好的约束。作为一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素,镁(Mg)同位素已经在白云岩问题研究领域受到了广泛关注。随着Mg同位素地球化学体系研究的不断深入,目前已经积累了大量不同时代、不同类型白云岩的Mg同位素数据。此外,通过理论计算、模拟实验与实际观测等方法,对白云岩(石)形成过程中的Mg同位素分馏研究已取得较大进展,为Mg同位素在白云岩问题研究中的应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。理论计算、实验模拟和实际观测的Mg同位素分馏存在较大差异,造成这种差异的原因一方面可能是模拟或实际观测的Mg同位素分馏未达到平衡,另一方面可能是实际白云岩的形成过程与理论过程不同。由于直接根据Mg同位素值判断白云岩成因存在较大难度,基于典型的白云石化地质模式,最新的研究建立了两个Mg同位素地球化学数值模型(DAR模型、AF模型),用于模拟不同白云石化过程中的Mg同位素变化,可对白云石化过程及Mg离子来源进行定量-半定量研究。其中DAR模型用于模拟海水白云石化过程的Mg同位素地球化学特征,而AF模型用于模拟流动水体白云石化过程的Mg同位素地球化学特征。通过这两个模型可以示踪白云岩的Mg离子来源并区分不同白云石化过程。尽管目前已建立的Mg同位素地球化学模型总体框架正确,但在适用范围和参数设置等方面存在一定不足,仍需要在后期研究中不断完善。  相似文献   

四川盆地开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

文华国  周刚  郑荣才  彭才  张兵  徐文礼  章宇路  罗连超 《岩石学报》2017,33(4):1115-1134

长兴组礁白云岩是川东北地区最重要的天然气储层类型之一。通过对开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩岩石组构、成岩演化序列、铁锰锶微量元素、碳氧锶稳定同位素、流体包裹体、油气性质及来源综合研究,认为古地貌格局控制了开江-梁平台棚东侧不同类型台缘生物礁的展布,古海平面的"升降"控制了生物礁形态及规模,台缘礁坪/礁盖滩微相及部分毗邻发育的骨架礁相带控制了优质储层发育位置和空间展布规律;可将长兴组白云岩划分为准同生白云岩和埋藏白云岩两种成因类型,优质的礁、滩相白云岩储层仅与多期次埋藏白云石化作用有关,推测成岩流体主要来源于封存地层中的早-中三叠世蒸发岩溶解产生的具低Mn含量、较低Fe含量、高Sr含量、较高δ~(13)C值、较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值特点的高盐度埋藏循环海源孔隙水,并有长兴期同生卤水和深部有机酸热液混入;按水文体制,将长兴组白云岩成岩系统划分为4类,分别为海源同生卤水、封存卤水、混源热卤水和深源混合热卤水成岩系统,认为混源热卤水成岩系统埋藏白云石化和溶蚀作用是提高储层质量的关键;论证了开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组存在同一流体输导体系控制的埋藏白云石化作用与油气充注成藏的统一"成岩-成藏"系统,揭示了长兴组白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏耦合关系,为该地区下一步天然气勘探目标优选提供地质依据。  相似文献