Modelling Boundary-Layer Clouds With a Statistical Cloud Scheme and a Second-Order Turbulence Closure     

K. Abdella  N. McFarlane 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,98(3):387-410

We present a second-order turbulence model for the cloudy planetary boundary layer (PBL), which includes a statistical scheme of the sub-grid scale condensation. The model contains prognostic equations for the turbulent kinetic energy, total water, and liquid water temperature, the latter two being assumed to be conservative variables. Using these conservative thermodynamic variables the condensation process is formulated as a function of the departure of the total water from saturation and its variance. The computation of the variance requires second moment correlations which are modelled through the parameterization of the third-order moments using a convective mass-flux formulation. The inclusion of these third moments and new assumptions on heat flux transport lead to a nonlocal turbulence scheme with counter-gradient effects. The final form for the heat flux turns out to be a linearized version of a previously established result. For the statistical cloud formulation, a linear combination of a Gaussian and a positively skewed distribution function is used with a modified liquid water flux expression to account fornon-Gaussian behaviour.The effect of the turbulence scheme on the boundary-layer cloud structure is discussed and the performance of the model is tested by comparing it against the large eddy simulation (LES) of the undisturbed period of the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX). The model is able to produce both mean and turbulent quantities that are in reasonable agreement with the LES output of ASTEX.  相似文献   

三维海陆风的数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

金皓  王彦昌 《大气科学》1991,15(5):25-32

本文利用地形坐标,建立了一个模拟用的三维海陆风模式,来模拟城市、斜坡和海岸形状等对海陆风的影响。结果表明,海陆风主要受海陆温差影响,海岸线附近的坡地和城市的存在,对海风发展有利。  相似文献   

非均匀下垫面大气边界层的数值模拟   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13  

桑建国  吴熠丹 《高原气象》1992,1(4):400-410

  相似文献   

Parameterization of sea surface drag under varying sea state and its dependence on wave age   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Rajesh Kumar  B. Prasad Kumar  A. N. V. Satyanarayana  D. Bala Subrahamanyam  A. D. Rao  S. K. Dube 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(2):187-197

Momentum and energy exchange at air–sea interface through wind stress is very important for air–sea interaction studies, ocean modeling, and climate studies. The accurate representation of wind stress, in terms of drag coefficient, is a key factor in estimating the momentum transfer at the interface. The drag coefficient, in general, estimated using bulk formulae does not take into account the influence of wave age. This study examines the dependence of wave age on computed surface drag coefficient obtained by combining the Toba 3/2-power law with Froude number scaling, resulting in a new drag formulation (hereafter referred as RP formulation). We demonstrate that our proposed formulation is in good conjunction with established theories for both young and mature waves. Our investigation shows the theoretical formulation advocated earlier by Guan and Xie (hereafter referred as GX) overestimated the surface drag for mature waves as wind speed tends to increase. In addition, the formulation by GX was not verified by observational data. In the present work, for validation purpose, we use time series measurement of meteorological and oceanographic data from a deep water location in the Indian Ocean which was tested with both RP and GX formulations. We find that the proposed RP formulation, which embeds the 3/2 power of wave-age, shows a better match for both young and mature waves with the results of Janssen compared to the hypothesis of conventional wave age used by GX.  相似文献   

气候模式中积雪覆盖率参数化方案的对比研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李伟平  刘新  聂肃平  郭晓寅  史学丽 《地球科学进展》2009,24(5):512-522

利用基于NCEP再分析的近地面气候资料驱动陆面过程模型NCAR CLM3,检验了6种积雪覆盖率参数化方案(CLM3、Douville1995、Roesch2001、Wu2004、Yang1997、Niu2007)模拟的积雪覆盖率的季节变化,并与NOAA AVHRR得到的观测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,在NCARCLM3的物理过程框架之下,CLM3、Douville1995、Roesch2001三种方案低估了广大地区的积雪覆盖率,模拟的雪线位置偏北,尤其是在秋季积雪初期;Wu2004方案低估了秋季欧亚大陆的积雪覆盖率;Yang1997方案模拟的积雪覆盖率有些偏高,尤其是在积雪覆盖区的南部边缘;考虑积雪密度变化的Niu2007方案一定程度上克服了Yang1997方案的正偏差.春季末期,6种方案模拟的雪线位置都偏北.在地形比较平缓的地区,Niu2007方案的整体效果最好.观测和模拟的积雪覆盖率的出现频数大部分集中在低(小于0.2)和高(大于0.8)覆盖率等级,中等覆盖率所占比例很少.  相似文献   

Third-Order Moment Closure Through A Mass-Flux Approach     

K. Abdella  A.C. Petersen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,95(2):303-318

The parameterization of the third moments, the flux of the heat flux and the flux of the potential temperature variance, is considered. It is shown that present parameterizations of these moments using the mass-flux approach with a `top-hat' profile assumption lead to a significant underestimation, resulting in an inaccurate representation of second moments in the convective boundary layer. It is also shown that the underestimation is a result of the `top-hat' profileassumption in which the sub-plume contributions to the total fluxes are ignored. By including these contributions a new parameterization is proposed, whichsatisfies the physical requirements of symmetry andrealizability, and gives results that are in fair agreement with thelarge-eddy simulation data.  相似文献   

非均匀下垫面边界层的观测和数值模拟研究(II):逆湿现象的数值模拟研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

左洪超  吕世华  胡隐樵  马耀明 《高原气象》2004,23(2):163-170

研究了逆湿现象,针对陆面过程模式的缺陷,利用文献[1]给出的逆湿现象形成的物理模型,设计了新的陆面过程参数化方案.该新方案成功地模拟出了发生在绿洲附近的沙漠上的逆湿现象,模拟结果与实际观测的结果相互吻合,这表明所建立的新的陆面过程参数化方案是可行的.这些结论将为今后非均匀陆面过程研究提供有益的启示.  相似文献   

次网格地形动力效应参数化及其对降水模拟效果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈玉伟  张耀存  钱永甫 《高原气象》2007,26(4):655-665

地形对气流的动力抬升作用是地形降水的重要产生机制之一, 为了在模式中考虑地形对气流的动力抬升作用, 改进模式对复杂地形区域的降水模拟效果, 本文提出了一个次网格地形动力效应参数化方案.在模式中首先利用高分辨率的地形高度资料计算出次网格格点处的地形坡度、坡向, 这些微观地形参数可以较为精细地描述次网格尺度地形信息;然后再根据地面气压与地形对气流动力抬升作用的关系, 对地面气压倾向进行次网格修正;最后利用 p-σ区域气候模式进行了三个数值试验, 检验该方案对模式模拟降水能力的影响.结果表明, 次网格地形动力效应参数化方案的引入, 对中国区域的降水模拟有明显改进, 尤其对冬、春季的降水模拟, 无论是分布范围还是中心最大强度都与实况比较接近.  相似文献   

敦煌荒漠戈壁地区裸土地表反照率参数化研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

郑志远  韦志刚  李振朝  魏红  刘慧 《大气科学》2014,38(2):297-308

利用敦煌站观测资料,选取其中观测资料完整且连续性好的7个年份每年5～10月的地表净辐射四分量和土壤湿度资料,分析研究了敦煌荒漠戈壁地区裸土地表反照率与太阳高度角和表层土壤含水量之间的关系,结果表明:地表反照率与太阳高度角呈e指数关系,随太阳高度角的增大而减小,当太阳高度角大于40°时,地表反照率趋于稳定。表层土壤含水量的增大可导致地表反照率的减小,地表反照率与5 cm深土壤湿度呈线性关系。另外,建立了敦煌荒漠戈壁地区裸土地表反照率与太阳高度角和表层土壤含水量之间的双因子参数化公式,提出了一种更加适合该地区的地表反照率参数方案,并且选取2002年6～9月的实测资料对拟合的参数化公式进行模拟验证。本文所提出的地表反照率参数化方案能够很好地再现该地区裸土地表反照率的“U”型日变化特征,可准确地模拟出地表反照率的动态变化趋势。基于此参数化方案计算得到的地表反射辐射与实测值基本一致。  相似文献   

MJO随机强迫对CNOP型初始误差演变的影响     

朱文超  王文生  徐卫星  何健棠  张新甲 《气象科学》2014,34(4):421-427

用Zebiak-Cane模式和季节内振荡(Madden-Julian Oscillation,MJO)的参数化表述以及条件非线性最优扰动(Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation,CNOP)方法,分析了以ENSO事件为基态的CNOP型初始误差的空间结构增长规律。结果表明,参数化的MJO对CNOP型初始误差的发展影响较小,其影响主要是使中东太平洋的海表面温度异常增大。CNOP型初始误差比由MJO不确定性产生的模式误差的影响大,前者可能是造成ENSO事件预报不确定性的主要误差来源。由于CNOP型初始误差的局地性,本结论可用来指导ENSO的目标观测和适应性资料同化。  相似文献