我国古代记录的特殊流星现象与现代印证     

吴光节  张周生 《天文学报》2003,44(2):156-165

中国古代有着大量的对于流星和流星雨的观测记录，最早可以追溯到3000多年以前。在这些珍贵的记录中，不仅有对于流星的一般描述，而且还有一些至今不能完全理解的特殊流星现象的记录。基于现代对电声变换流星声、流星体的螺旋线形运动、流星的颜色变化和流星的分裂等等的研究，列出在中国古代文献中可以查找到的有关记录。这些记录，不仅是世界文化宝库的一部分，而且对于今天的研究仍有实用价值。对电声变换流星声的报道，只是近20年来，才确立了的并非是观测者的臆想。流星的现代彩色照相观测，更真实地记录和展现了其他的特殊流星现象和它们的发生与演变。这些古代记录与现代的流星观测的对比，可以起到相互印证的作用。  相似文献   

关于测量中可靠性理论的哲学思想     

张正禄  张松林 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):54-55

本文从可靠性理论出发,阐述了可靠性与精度以及权的关系,由测量上的可靠性,上升到哲学上的可靠性。指出:可靠性的哲学意义是:在一个社会系统中,一个人的可靠性与他的权成反比,权越大,其可靠性越低,却是不可缺少的;权越小,越可靠,虽然如此,但宜除去不用。  相似文献   

The Potsdam plates of the Carte du Ciel project: I. Present inventory and plate catalogue     

K. Tsvetkova  M. Tsvetkov  P. Bhm  M. Steinmetz  W.R. Dick 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(8):878-884

We present an inventory ofthe Carte du Ciel (CdC) plates stored in the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam. The Potsdam CdC zone (+32° to +39°) was divided into 1232 areas and about 2200 plates from the first and second epochs were obtained within the framework of the CdC project. At present, only 977 plates (45% of all) are stored in AIP, the others got lost during the Second World War. The plates for the first epoch measurements had been obtained during the period 1893 May– 1900 February. The plates for the second epoch (1913 August–1924 February) can be separated into two time intervals according to the observer and the observing method used: from 1913 August till 1914 July, and from 1916 February to 1924 February. The present work aims to provide online access to the plate information, given in the plate catalogue and is the first step to online access to the plate images digitized with flatbed scanners.  相似文献   

Optics and the nature of light illustrated in the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna     

I. Müller  F. Kerschbaum 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):540-543

The Astronomy Library in Vienna has a significant collection of rare books, consisting of more than 500 titles dating from the end of the 15th to the 18th century. Since the collection was to be the basis of research and of teaching, the books represent a variety of scientific topics that have been of interest at that time. Thus the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna also offers the opportunity for scientific historical research. In the following, certain aspects on the development of the telescope and of optics in general will be illustrated (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

The short history of infrared space telescopes     

D. Lemke 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):562-567

While astronomical telescopes developed rather slowly over the last four centuries, infrared telescopes made a fast career in only four decades from high mountains to aircraft, balloons and satellites. They cover the huge wavelength region from 1 to 350 μ m and have uncovered the cold and dust hidden universe. While until today all infrared space telescopes had diameters of <1 m, cooled infrared observatories with 3.5 to 6.5m mirrors will be sent into heliocentric orbits at L2 within the next few years (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Venus 1882 and Jean‐Charles Houzeau     

C. Sterken 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):582-585

This paper focuses on one particular type of telescope – the heliometer – designed for solving one specific basic problem in astronomy: the scale factor of the solar system. One very special instrument of this type was the “heliometer with unequal focal lengths” designed by the Belgian astronomer Jean‐Charles Houzeau for the 1882 transit of Venus. We also draw attention to the most interesting personality of Houzeau, and to his social engagement that went much beyond his work as a scientist (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Gnomon shadow lengths recorded in the Zhoubi Suanjing： the earliest meridian observations in China？     

Yong Li  ;Xiao-Chun Sun 《天体物理学报》2009,(12):1377-1386

The Zhoubi Suanjing, one of the most important ancient Chinese books on mathematical astronomy, was compiled about 100 BC in the Western Han dynasty （BC 206 - AD 23）. We study the gnomon shadow lengths for the 24 solar terms as recorded in the book. Special attention is paid to the so-called law of ‘cun qian li’, which says the shadow length of a gnomon of 8 chi （about 1.96 m） high will increase （or decrease） 1 cun （1/10chi） for every 10001i （roughly 400kin） the gnomon moves northward （or south- ward）. From these data, one can derive the time and location of the observations. The resuits, however, do not fit historical facts. We suggest that compilers of the Zhoubi Suanjing must have modified the original data according to the law of ‘cun qian li’. Through reversing the situation, we recovered the original data, our analysis of which reveals the best possible observation time as 564 BC and the location of observation as 35.78° N latitude. We conclude that this must be the earliest records of solar meridian observations in China. In the meantime, we give the errors of solar altitudes for the 24 solar terms. The average deviation is 5.22°, and the mean absolute deviation is 5.52°, signifying the accuracy of astronomical calculations from that time.  相似文献   

Dialogue, metaphors of dialogue and understandings of geography   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

David Demeritt  & Sarah Dyer 《Area》2002,34(3):229-241

Increasingly, human and physical geographers alike describe their research practices as involving dialogue of some kind. However, the widespread popularity of the term belies some very different understandings of its meaning and methodological implications. In this paper we reflect on these different conceptions of 'dialogical' geography as a way, first, of illustrating the broad range of understandings of research methodology now current in the discipline and, second, of identifying their implications for three long–standing controversies in the discipline: relativism and the truth of geographical knowledge, the associated dualisms between subject/object, nature/society, and realism/constructionism, and the potential for unity between human and physical geography. We argue that, while dialogue is a potentially fruitful way of understanding and practising geography, that the defence of it, like the attacks on it, is often misconceived.  相似文献   

On what it takes to be a good geographer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dragos Simandan 《Area》2002,34(3):284-293

This paper argues that, in order to take place, space and scale more seriously in the study of our discipline, we have to complement the pervasive understanding of geography as a tradition of thought or an extended conversation with an understanding of our discipline as a tradition of practice, in which the main focus is on the becoming of geographers. It is argued that the theme of 'what it takes to be a good geographer' is a fertile way to study this process of becoming. The four main advantages of this approach are illustrated empirically in the body of the argument by the author's reflections on his socializing within two very different geographical traditions.  相似文献   

论地质灾害研究中的辩证法     

蒙小记 《陕西地质》2002,20(2):97-100

以辩证唯物主义为指导 ,从哲学角度总结了重要地质灾害的发生、发展与演变规律 ,探讨了地质灾害的基本概念和防治中的方法论问题。  相似文献