XRD定量分析技术在大坪岩堆固结灌浆量检测中的应用     

周斌良 《中国勘察设计》2009,(1):61-64

XRD定量分析技术,是根据水泥中所特有的粉末微晶物相组合,测试硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙等水泥指示矿物2.78特征谱线变化,精确测定被灌体内外来水泥指示矿物的质量分数,而不受原有岩土矿物所含原地相同化学成份的干扰及影响。通过测定水泥质量分数计算灌浆率,最终确定灌浆量。  相似文献   

The mineralogy and possible sources of spring dust particles over Beijing   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邵龙义  李卫军  肖正辉  孙珍全 《大气科学进展》2008,25(3):395-403

A severe Asian Dust Storm （ADS） event occurred on 16-17 April 2006 in northern China. The mineral compositions of dust samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results indicated that dust particles of the ＂17 April 2006＂ dust storm were dominated by quartz （37.4%） and clay （32.9%）, followed by plagioclase （13.7%）, with small amounts of calcite, K-feldspar, dolomite, hornblende and gypsum （all less than 10%）. The clay fractions with diameter less than 2 μm were separated from the dust storm particles by centrifuging and were further analyzed by XRD. The results revealed that the clay species were mainly illite/smectite mixed layers （I/S） （49%） and illite （34%）, with small amount of kaolinite （8%） and chlorite （9%）.
In order to evaluate the feasibility of using the mineralogy to trace the sources of dust particles, the XRD results of the ＂17 April 2006＂ dustfall particles were compared with the dust particles over past years. The results confirmed that the finer dust particles represented by the ADS PM10 displayed a smaller quartz/clay ratio than the dustfall particles. The dust storm particles, either from the ADS PM10 or from the ＂17 April 2006＂ dustfall, showed a lower level of dolomite contents and lower dolomite/clay ratios compared with the non-dust storm dustfall particles. This implies that dolomite could be used to distinguish between the dust contributions from local and non-local sources. Similar trends were found for the gypsum and the gypsum/clay ratio. Moreover, the two dustfall samples had a lower level of illite/smectite mixed layers and a higher level of illite than airborne PM10, implying that the dustfall particles tend to be enriched with illite in its clay fraction.  相似文献   

四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼的红外吸收光谱研究     

卢保奇  亓利剑  夏义本 《上海国土资源》2006,(2):63-66

采用Fourier变换红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射技术对四川石棉县蛇纹石猫眼进行了研究。红外吸收光谱结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼可分为纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石两种类型,两者在(960-1100)cm-1和(3600-3690)cm-1的范围内由Si-O伸缩振动的E1类振动和OH伸缩振动表现出的红外谱带分裂强度及谱带特征存在明显的差异。在(960- 1100)cm-1间:纤蛇蚊石的红外光谱分裂成三个明显的谱带,而叶蛇纹石在此区间只有两条谱带。在570cm-1附近的红外谱带以肩状出现;OH伸缩振动区:纤蛇蚊石出现两条红外谱带,而叶蛇蚊石只出现一条红外谱带。X射线粉晶衍射结果表明:叶蛇蚊石具有d202=0．2522nm(I/I0=19)和d203=0．2430nm(I／I0=18)的特征谱线,而纤蛇纹石则具有d202、006=0．2446nm(I／I0=29)的特征谱线,d020>0．245nm近0．249 nm的特征谱线缺失。  相似文献   

高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的SEM和XRD研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈江峰  邵龙义  魏思民 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(2):144-148

以Al2O3含量为52.72%的高铝粉煤灰和工业氧化铝为原料,在1300～1500℃保温2～4h合成了平均含量超过70%的M50、M60和M70莫来石。用SEM和XRD研究了合成莫来石的显微结构和物相组成。结果表明,未经盐酸处理的粉煤灰比用盐酸处理过的粉煤灰合成的莫来石的晶体和长径比大;随粉煤灰中Al2O3含量的增高,合成的莫来石的晶体尺寸和长径比变小,合成莫来石的温度需相应提高至1500℃;恒温时间长短对合成莫来石的影响远小于烧结温度的影响,高温下缩短恒温时间比低温下延长恒温时间有利于莫来石的生成。以高铝粉煤灰为原料合成M50和M60莫来石较为适宜,Al2O3与SiO2的质量比应控制在1.5～2.0。  相似文献   

Mineralogical characteristics of airborne particles collected in Beijing during a severe Asian dust storm period in spring 2002   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SHAO LongYi    LI WeiJun    YANG ShuShen    SHI ZongBo & L SenLin  The State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources  Safety Mining  China University of Mining  Technology  Beijing  China  Department of Resources  Earth Sciences  China University of Mining  Technology  Beijing  China  Faculty of Environmental  Symbiotic Sciences  Prefectural University of Kumamoto  Kumamoto -  Japan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(6):953-959

Asian dust storm (ADS) samples were collected on March 20,2002 in Beijing,China. High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detector (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the morphology,chemical compositions,number-size dis-tributions and mineralogical compositions of ADS particles. The mineral particles were major compo-nents in the ADS samples,accounting for 94% by number. The XRD analysis indicated that the dust particles were dominated by clay (40.3%),and quartz (19.5%),followed by plagioclase (8.4%),calcite (7.5%),K-feldspar (1.5%),hematite (0.9%),pyrite (0.9%),hornblende (0.4%) and gypsum (0.3%),with a certain amount of noncrystalline materials (20.3%). Clay minerals were mainly illite/smectite mixed lay-ers (78%),followed by illite (9%),kaolinite (6%),and chlorite (7%). In addition to these main minerals,FESEM-EDX also detected some trace minerals,such as dolomite,pyrite,thenardite,as well as heavy minerals represented by rutile,ilmenite and apatite. The mineralogical compositions of the 2002-03-20 Asian dust storm and the Saharan dust plumes were similar but the clay mineralogy showed a great distinction,with the illite/smectite mixed layers being common in the Asian dust storm but illite being common in the Saharan dust plumes.  相似文献   

An XRD, TEM and Raman study of experimentally annealed natural monazite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. M. Seydoux-Guillaume  R. Wirth  L. Nasdala  M. Gottschalk  J. M. Montel  W. Heinrich 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(4):240-253

 The healing of radiation damage in natural monazite has been experimentally studied in annealing experiments using XRD, TEM, Raman microprobe and cathodoluminescence analysis. The starting material was a chemically homogeneous monazite from a Brazilian pegmatite with a concordant U–Pb age of 474 ± 1 Ma and a U–Th/He age of 479 Ma. The monazite shows nm-scale defects induced by radioactive decay. The X-ray pattern of the unheated starting material revealed two distinct monazite “phases” A and B with slightly different lattice parameters. Monazite A shows sharp reflections of high amplitudes and slightly expanded lattice parameters (1% in volume) compared to a standard monazite. Phase B exhibits very broad reflections of low amplitudes. Two sets of experiments were performed. First, dry monazite powder was annealed at 500, 800 and 1000 °C for 7 days. Each run product was analysed by X-ray diffractometry. Second, monazite grains were hydrothermally annealed at temperatures from 500 to 1200 °C for 5 to 15 days. TEM observations show that partial healing of the monazite lattice already occurred at 500 °C and increased gradually with temperature, so that after 10 days at 900 °C complete healing was achieved. The observations are interpreted accordingly: the starting material has a mosaic structure consisting of two domains, A and B, which are basically two monazite crystals with different lattice parameters. We suggest that the A domains correspond to well-crystallised areas where helium atoms are trapped. The accumulation of He causes expansion of the A monazite lattice. Diffraction domains B are interpreted as a helium-free distorted monazite crystal lattice, which can be referred to old alpha-recoil tracks. These B domains are composed of “islands” with an expanded lattice, induced by the presence of interstitials, and “islands” of a compressed monazite lattice, induced by presence of vacancies. Both the islands will pose stress on the lattice in the vicinity of the islands. The broadening of the B reflections is due to the expanded or compressed diffraction domains and to the different amount of the distortion. With increasing temperature the unit-cell volume of monazite A decreases, i.e. the position of the A reflections shifts towards smaller d _hkl values. This was interpreted as a relaxation of the monazite lattice due to helium diffusion out of the monazite lattice. Simultaneously, the nm-sized defect domains B are healed. At 900–1000 °C only a monazite with well-crystallised lattice and minimum unit-cell volume is observed. Received: 7 May 2001 / Accepted: 11 October 2001  相似文献   

The Fluid Evolution Related to Talc Mineralization in the Hwanggangri Area, South Korea     

Dongbok SHIN  Insung LEE 《Resource Geology》2002,52(3):273-278

Abstract: Scores of talc deposits distributed in the Hwanggangri Mineralized Zone, South Korea are interpreted to have resulted from the contact metamorphic process related to the igneous intrusion of the Muamsa Granite. Talc usually occurs as an alteration product from tremolite, which is crystallized during the prograde stage. It commonly forms fine–grained, fibrous aggregates, or pseudomorphs after tremolite, and abundant tremolite is included as impurities in the talc ore. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis has shown that the ores can be divided into three types depending on the concentrations of talc; talc-tremolite ore (talc > 50 %), tremolite-talc ore (10 % < talc < 50 %), and tremolite (talc < 10 %) ores. Oxygen isotope compositions of those talc ores become higher from 10.9–12.1 through 11.6–12.3 to 11.9–13.2% with increasing tremolite concentrations, while hydrogen isotope compositions are not so variable, –73 to –69%. The high value of the calculated δ¹⁸O_H2O of the fluids equilibrated with the tremolite may have resulted from the mixing of magmatic water with ¹⁸O–enriched CO₂ evolved from the decarbonation reaction during the prograde stage. However, as the decarbonation reaction ceased during the retrograde stage, the inferred oxygen isotope compositions of talc-forming fluids show similar values to those of the igneous fluids.  相似文献   

翡翠制品的无损伤鉴定     

宋大康 《甘肃地质》1994,3(2):89-94

翡翠是玉石中的珍品，其主要组成矿物是硬玉，翡翠制品中所含矿物的种类和数量是决定其真伪、质量和价值的主要因素。通过几个典型的鉴定翡翠制品的实例，系统地说明用Ｘ射线衍射分析方法无损伤鉴定翡翠制品的原理及方法，并对此进行了讨论。  相似文献   

TiO2-白云母纳米复合材料的制备及其表面化学特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

宋功保  彭同江  万朴  李博文 《矿物学报》2002,22(1):1-8

TiO2－白云母纳米复合材料属纳米薄膜材料，具有优异的珠光效应。本文利用化学液相沉积法制备出不同类型（单覆层、多覆层）的TiO2－白云母纳米复合材料，并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和粉晶X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对其进行了分析。SEM分析显示：所制备的TiO2－白云母纳米复合材料TiO2的颗粒直径在20－60nm之间，且颗粒均匀、界限清晰，表面平整。XRD分析表明：导晶剂Sn^4 对于提高TiO2向金红石转化起到了重要作用。XPS研究发现TiO2纳米镀层除Ti、O外还有以类同像替代Ti^4 形式存在的导晶离子Sn^4 和由载体白云母扩散的Si、Al、K成分。同时，表面O不足，偏离TiO2理想组成；随TiO2纳米镀层厚度的，TiO2逐渐接近理想成分；并且O（ls)、Ti(2p)向高结合能漂移，结合能增大，次外层比最外层组分具有较强的化学键合，最外层组分则表现出一定的化学活性。  相似文献   

Mineral matter in coals and their reactions during coking     

Mihaela Grigore  Richard Sakurovs  David French  Veena Sahajwalla 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,76(4):301-308

Degradation of coke in the blast furnace is influenced by its inherent mineral matter, the formation of which is itself dependent upon the nature of the coal mineral matter. To date few studies have been made of coke mineralogy and its relationship to the mineralogy of the parent coal. In this study the effect of carbonisation on coal mineral matter has been investigated by a detailed quantitative mineralogical examination of nine cokes and their parent coals. The quantitative analysis was performed on X-ray diffraction patterns of the mineral matter of cokes and coals, using SIROQUANT^™. Coke mineralogy and its composition varied strongly between cokes, more strongly than variations in elemental composition of the ash. The mineral matter in the studied cokes consisted of crystalline mineral phases and also significant levels of amorphous phase (ranging between 44 and 75%). Decomposition of clays such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and chamosite produced the amorphous phase and some of the crystalline mineral phases such as mullite, γ-alumina, spinel, cristobalite and leucite. The type of association of mineral matter in coals had an important role in how the clays decomposed. For example, association of kaolinite with silica-bearing minerals in intimate intermixture favoured formation of mullite over γ-alumina. Akermanite and diopside result from reaction of kaolinite with associated calcium bearing minerals (calcite, dolomite or ankerite). Quartz, fluorapatite and the three polymorphs of TiO₂ (anatase, brookite and rutile) were the coal minerals that were least affected during carbonisation, as they were also found in the cokes, yet even they were affected in some cases.  相似文献