机载激光测深系统试点应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭琳  刘焱雄  邓才龙  冯义楷  吴志露 《海洋测绘》2014,(4):35-37

首先概述了三种最新的机载激光测深系统的基本情况,然后介绍了两次不同的机载激光测深系统试验的情况及其结果。试验情况表明,机载激光测深系统在南中国海能够到达标称的测深能力,能够实现海陆一体化地理空间数据获取,具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

机载激光浅海测深技术的现状和发展     

王越 《测绘信息与工程》2014,(3):38-42,67

水深测量是海洋测绘的重要内容。传统的船载多波束回声测深方法虽然具有较高的测量精度,但无法进入沿岸浅水区域和海礁密集区域。近年来,机载LiDAR的出现和发展填补了沿海浅水区域水深测量技术的空白,已成为一种快速高效的水深及海底地形探测方法。本文介绍了现有的几种有代表性的机载激光测深系统,给出了机载激光测深数据处理流程,分析了机载激光测深的关键技术,归纳并总结了该技术目前所存在的技术难点和未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

一种 ReliefF 和随机森林模型组合的多波束 海底底质分类方法     

孙健  樊妙  崔晓东  艾波  马丹  阳凡林 《海洋通报》2022,(2)

海底底质的快速探测和精细划分对海洋工程建设 、海洋资源开发等具有重要意义。多波束探测是目前声学底质遥测 的有效手段之一, 通常提取多波束反向散射强度图像和地形数据中的多维特征结合分类器进行底质分类。一方面, 若特征空 间维数过高, 分类效率会显著降低; 另一方面, 个别特征容易放大原始数据处理过程中仍存留的异常现象。针对这一问题, 本文提出了一种结合 Re1iefF 算法和随机森林 (Random Forest, RF) 算法的多波束底质分类方法。提取反向散射强度和地形 共 16 维特征, 利用Re1iefF 算法进行特征筛选, 排除低相关性特征, 降低特征空间维数, 结合采样点数据进行模型训练以构 建多波束底质分类模型。试验结合随机森林算法对未经特征筛选 、经主成分分析 (Principa1 Component Ana1ysis, PCA) 特征 优化后的特征进行分类实验作为对比。本文方法 Kappa 系数达到 85%, 分类总精度高于 90%, 精度具有明显优势, 耗时也 比较短。可见, 本文提出的结合 Re1iefF 和随机森林模型的多波束底质分类方法可以在保证分类精度的同时对多维特征进行 优化, 有效地提高了分类效率, 可对海底底质分类研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Geomorphic characterization of seafloor using Digital Elevation Model derivatives – a case study around Bombay High,Western Indian offshore     

Sandeep Narayan Kundu  Durga Shankar Pattnaik 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):185-197

The present study demonstrates the use of gridded bathymetry in the form of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in a geographic information system (GIS) in geomorphic characterization of the seafloor in the Western Indian offshore around Bombay High region and presents the salient findings. The variography of bathymetry and its derivatives and their spatial correlation provides a technique to measure the presence of seafloor features and provides an insight into the processes involved. The current study utilizes tools available within a GIS for processing of a DEM and its derivatives involving spatial techniques like spatial correlation and variography studies for geomorphic characterization. A broad regional analysis for the study area comprising the near shore coast to the deep waters is discussed, followed up by a detailed study limiting to the coastal region around Bombay High.  相似文献   

长江南京段近20年来河槽演变及其对人类活动的响应     

徐韦  程和琴  郑树伟  王淑平  陈钢  袁小婷 《地理科学》2019,39(4):663-670

利用 1998年和2013年历史水下地形数据,结合2015年和2016年多波束测深、流速与河床沉积物数据,探讨了南京段河槽演变对人类活动的响应规律。结果表明：① 1998~2013年南京河段整体呈现冲刷状态,净冲刷量为0.56亿 m³。② 南京段主河槽发育有平床和沙波等微地貌,两侧发育有水下陡坡。其中,平床和小尺度沙波区域平均流速为0.79 m/s,而巨型沙波区域平均流速为1.41 m/s。③ 人类活动对该河段的水下微地貌演变与河势演变起到至关重要的作用。由于三峡大坝等人类活动的影响,上游来沙量仍将持续低于多年平均值,南京段河槽会进一步冲刷并极可能给涉水工程安全带来威胁。  相似文献   

东南印度洋中脊(108°—134°E区域)断层构造与岩浆活动关系     

刘守金  林间  罗怡鸣 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(4):70-80

东南印度洋脊(Southeast Indian Ridge, 简称SEIR)是中速扩张洋中脊, 在其中的108°—134°E区域的全扩张速率为72~76 mm·a ^-1。但在接近澳大利亚-南极洲不整合带(Australian-Antarctic Discordance, 简称AAD)区内, 海底地貌沿洋中脊的变化强烈, 其变化范围涵盖了从慢速到快速扩张洋中脊上常见的例子, 且出现了明显的地球物理与地球化学异常, 说明洋中脊在AAD区附近的岩浆供应量极不均匀。文章定量分析了高精度多波束测深数据, 计算了洋中脊不同段的地形坡度、断层比例以及平面与剖面的岩浆参数M值, 结合研究区内剩余地幔布格重力异常以及洋中脊轴部地球化学指标Na_8.0、Fe_8.0等资料, 分析与讨论了研究区的断层构造与岩浆活动特征的关系。研究发现, 东南印度洋脊108°—134°E区域的B区(在AAD区内)及C5段(在AAD区外西侧)发育有大量的海洋核杂岩, 而且B区的海洋核杂岩单体规模更大, 其中最大的位于B3区, 沿洋中脊扩张方向延伸约50km。研究结果首次系统性地显示, 相比东南印度洋的其他区域, B和C5异常区具有偏低的平面与剖面M值、偏高的断层比例、偏正的地幔布格重力异常以及偏高的Na_8.0值与偏低的Fe_8.0值, 这些异常特征可能反映了B区和C5段的岩浆初始熔融深度较浅以及岩浆熔融程度较低, 因此导致其岩浆供应量异常少, 形成较薄的地壳。研究结果同时表明, 在岩浆供应量极少的洋中脊, 构造伸展作用有利于海洋核杂岩的发育, 导致地壳进一步减薄。  相似文献   

Quantifying large‐scale historical formation of accommodation in the Mississippi Delta     

Robert A. Morton  Julie C. Bernier  Kyle W. Kelso  John A. Barras 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(14):1625-1641

Large volumes of new accommodation have formed within the Mississippi Delta plain since the mid‐1950s in association with rapid conversion of coastal wetlands to open water. The three‐dimensional aspects and processes responsible for accommodation formation were quantified by comparing surface elevations, water depths, and vertical displacements of stratigraphic contacts that were correlated between short sediment cores. Integration of data from remotely sensed images, sediment cores, and water‐depth surveys at 10 geologically diverse areas in the delta plain provided a basis for estimating the total volume of accommodation formed by interior‐wetland subsidence and subsequent erosion. Results indicate that at most of the study areas subsidence was a greater contributor than erosion to the formation of accommodation associated with wetland loss. Tens of millions of cubic meters of accommodation formed rapidly at each of the large open‐water bodies that were formerly continuous interior delta‐plain marsh. Together the individual study areas account for more than 440 × 10⁶ × m³ of new accommodation that formed as holes in the Mississippi River delta‐plain fabric between 1956 and 2004. This large volume provides an estimate of the new sediment that would be needed just at the study areas to restore the delta‐plain wetlands to their pre‐1956 areal extent and elevations. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

Effect of transect location,transect spacing and interpolation methods on river bathymetry accuracy          下载免费PDF全文

Jill Glenn  Daniele Tonina  Mark D. Morehead  Fritz Fiedler  Rohan Benjankar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(9):1185-1198

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of river channel bathymetries are developed by interpolating elevations between data collected at discrete points or along transects. The accuracy of interpolated bathymetries depends on measurement error, the density and distribution of point data, and the interpolation method. Whereas point measurement errors can be minimized by selecting the most efficient equipment, the effect of data density and interpolation method on river bathymetry is relatively unknown. Thus, this study focuses on transect‐based collection methods and investigates the effects of transect location, the spacing between transects, and interpolation methods on the accuracy of interpolated bathymetry. This is accomplished by comparing four control bathymetries generated from accurate and high resolution, sub‐meter scale data to bathymetries interpolated from transect data extracted from the control bathymetries using two transect locating methods and four interpolation methods. The transect locating methods are a morphologically‐spaced and an equally‐spaced model. The four interpolation methods are Ordinary Kriging, Delaunay Triangulation, and Simple Linear, which are applied in curvilinear coordinates (Delaunay Triangulation is also applied in Cartesian coordinates), and Natural Neighbor only in Cartesian Coordinates. The bathymetric data were obtained from morphologically simple and complex reaches of a large (average bankfull width = 90 m) and a small (average bankfull width = 17 m) river. The accuracy of the developed DEMs is assessed using statistical analysis of the differences between the control and interpolated bathymetries and hydraulic parameters assessed from bankfull water surface elevations. Results indicate that DEM accuracy is not influenced by the choice of transect location method (with same averaged cross‐section spacing) or a specific interpolation method, but rather by the coordinate system for which the interpolation method is applied and the spacing between transects. They also show negligible differences between the mean depths and surface areas calculated from bathymetries with dense or coarse spacing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Book review     

Ariyo Kanno  Yoji Tanaka  Ryuichiro Shinohara  Akira Kurosawa  Masahiko Sekine 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):283-292

Although visible bands of high-resolution multispectral imagery are used for bathymetry, the relative utility of different bands is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the relative utility of the six visible bands of WorldView-2. We statistically selected the visible bands that gave the best accuracy under different situations, tallying how often each band was included in the best combination. The average frequency was greater than 50% for every band and differed between bands by only 17%. We conclude that all visible bands are useful for remote sensing of water depth, although the utility depends on the image and number of training pixels available.  相似文献   

利用测高重力异常建立南中国海海底地形模型     

欧阳明达  孙中苗  翟振和  刘晓刚 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(3):490-494

论述了频率域内海深反演的基本原理,简要分析海底地形和海洋重力异常的函数关系。基于未补偿板块响应函数模型,利用测高重力异常和ETOPO1海深模型对南中国海海底地形进行反演,经ETOPO1模型和实测水深检核,反演出的海深模型相对精度在10%左右。该技术不需要船测数据作为控制,需要先验的海深模型作为参考,在浅海以及多海山地区精度较差,并存在过低估计海山峰值的问题。  相似文献