Simulation of the nonlinear dynamic interactions between waves, a submerged breakwater and the seabed     

Dong-Soo Hur  Chang-Hoon Kim  Do-Sam Kim  Jong-Sung Yoon   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(5-6):511-522

This study employed direct numerical simulation to simulate the fully nonlinear interaction between the water waves, the submerged breakwater, and the seabed under differing wave conditions. In the numerical simulation, the laminar flow condition in the seabed was applied to evaluate the more exact fluid resistance acting on the porous media. Varying incident wave conditions were applied to the flow field resulting from the wave–structure–seabed interaction, and the variation in the pore water pressure beneath the submerged breakwater was investigated along the cross-section of the submerged breakwater. Structural safety and scouring were also considered on the basis of the numerical results for the flow field around the structure and the variation of the pore water pressure.  相似文献   

山西宁武贾家窑隆起-挠褶构造研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张兆琪  王权  刘成如 《江苏地质》2011,35(4):349-353

山西宁武贾家窑隆起-挠褶构造带呈北东向展布,长约18km,宽约5km。形成于燕山期运动末期。属于大同口泉山隆升-挠褶构造带的南延部分。构造带中心是隆起,一侧是断层,另一侧是挠褶。而且马家沟组灰岩折叠成轴面近水平的尖棱S褶皱。它是挠褶构造带边部的重力构造。形成该类构造的本质是大陆隆起,大陆隆起的核心是垂向作用力在起主导作用,而非水平挤压。水平挤压形成推土机推土式构造。无论垂直隆升还是水平挤压,所形成的构造均是A型构造或AB型构造。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地腹地玛扎塔格山隆升时限探讨及其环境意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

裴军令  李海兵  孙知明  司家亮  邱祝礼  潘家伟  赵越  任晓娟 《岩石学报》2011,27(1):333-343

位于塔里木盆地腹地(N38°40.911', E80°18.484') 的玛扎塔格褶断带东西向延伸约300km,南缘发育出露连续、完全的早更新世地层,岩性主要以灰黄色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为主。本文以其中出露完全的一段河湖相泥岩、粉砂岩为研究对象,共采集古地磁样品130块16个采点。通过岩石磁学研究,说明主要载磁矿物是磁铁矿,107块样品的磁化率各向异性结果显示地层校正后其最小轴近直立,并且磁面理较磁线理发育,具有沉积组构特征。地层校正后磁化率各向异性最大轴的方向指示了早更新世时研究区域NWW-SEE的古流向。系统热退磁结果揭示出了正反极性,高分辨率的磁性地层学研究限定研究剖面时代约为1.3~0.9Ma。从而推测玛扎塔格剖面中第四纪地层记录的最近一次构造活动时间约为0.8Ma,即早更新世末中更新世初。河湖相泥岩、粉砂质泥岩的岩性特征代表了当时温湿的气候。研究区近东西向的古流向与玛扎塔格山脊近于平行,附合快速隆升构造地貌特征,暗示该套地层沉积时代(1.3~0.9Ma)对应了玛扎塔格山的快速隆升过程。  相似文献   

火山"熔岩流气泡古高度计"及其在云南腾冲火山区的应用   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

郭正府  张茂亮  成智慧  刘嘉麒  张丽红  李晓惠 《岩石学报》2011,27(10):2863-2872

通过对火山熔岩流及其气泡特征的研究能够确定熔岩流喷发时的古高度,本文将这一方法称为火山“熔岩流气泡古高度计”.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”是在实地测量熔岩流厚度和实验室对熔岩流顶底气泡体积精确测定的基础上,利用流体力学原理和气体状态方程,通过计算古大气压强,最终获得火山喷发时的古高度.由于火山岩是开展同位素测年的理想材料,并且利用熔岩流计算古高度所需的参数(熔岩流厚度和气泡体积)不受古气候等因素(温度、降雨量等)影响,因此,这一方法以其可靠的年龄和独立的计算参数明显区别于其它古高度计.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”核心技术包括:(1)熔岩流的挑选与厚度测量;(2)熔岩流底部和顶部气泡体积的计算.中等规模、具简单冷凝历史,并且厚度稳定的偏基性熔岩流,是开展古高度计算的理想对象.熔岩流气泡体积的测试手段包括注胶、岩石抛光-扫描、体视学转换和三维CT扫描4种方法.“熔岩流气泡古高度计”最终计算结果误差为400m左右.本文利用“熔岩流气泡古高度计”计算了腾冲火山区熔岩流的古高度,研究结果显示:“熔岩流气泡古高度计”计算的黑空山熔岩流高程与目前的实际高程相吻合.开展“熔岩流气泡古高度计”研究的前提是研究区必须出露保存完好的熔岩流.我国青藏高原的隆升历史一直是国际学术界争论的热点课题,那里出露大面积熔岩流.可以预见,“熔岩流气泡古高度计”将会逐渐成为研究青藏高原隆升历史的有效手段之一.  相似文献   

Petrological significance of prograde homogenization of growth zoning in garnet: an example from the Llano Uplift'pa     

W. CARLSON  & E. SCHWARZE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1997,15(5):631-644

In the Llano Uplift of central Texas (USA), prograde homogenization of garnet growth zoning took place during moderate- to high-pressure dynamothermal metamorphism over a narrow temperature range near the transition from the amphibolite to the granulite facies. This subtle record of early dynamothermal metamorphism survived subsequent static metamorphism at low pressures in the middle-amphibolite facies, despite the destruction of most high-pressure mineral assemblages that originated in the early metamorphic episode. Geographically systematic variations in the degree of homogenization indicate that the uplift as a whole underwent high-pressure metamorphism, in accord with emerging tectonic models for the mid-Proterozoic evolution of the southern margin of the North American continent.  相似文献   

10Be dating of river terraces of Santo Domingo river,on Southeastern flank of the Mérida Andes,Venezuela: Tectonic and climatic implications     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2013

In this study, we discuss the first cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating of river terraces located in the lower reaches of the Santo Domingo river (Southeastern flank of the Mérida Andes, Western Venezuela). The geomorphic observations and dating allowed the restoration of the temporal evolution of incision rate, which was analysed in terms of tectonic, climatic and geomorphic processes. The long-term incision rate in the area has been constantly around 1.1 mm/a over the last 70 ka. Taking into account the geologic and geomorphologic setting, this value can be converted into the Late Pleistocene uplift rate of the Southeastern flank of the Mérida Andes. Our results show that the process of terraces formation in the lower reaches of the Santo Domingo river occurred at a higher frequency (10³–10⁴ years) than a glacial/interglacial cycle (10⁴–10⁵ years). According to the global and local climate curve, these terraces were abandoned during warm to cold transitions.  相似文献   

新疆且末奥依亚依拉克几克里阔勒地区河流阶地及其隆升特征     

戴传固  卢定彪  刘爱民  代雅然 《贵州地质》2013,(4):245-249

通过对新疆且末几克里阔勒地区河流阶地的地貌、沉积特征及年龄测定,分析了该地区河流阶地形成的时代,反演了该地区4.45±0.35× 104a以来的隆升历史.结果表明,44.5 Ka以来的历史进程中地壳的隆升速率极大,大大高于目前青藏高原整体隆升2 mm/a的水平;形成的多级阶地表明该区的隆升存在明显的阶段性、间歇性和差异性,其隆升速率具有从快逐渐变慢的总体趋势.  相似文献   

汶川地震断裂带结构特征与龙门山隆升的关系   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

王焕  李海兵  司家亮  黄尧 《岩石学报》2013,29(6):2048-2060

2008年汶川地震(MW7.9)发生在青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带上,并沿映秀-北川断裂和灌县-安县断裂分别产生约270km和80km的不同性质的地表破裂带。断裂岩是断裂活动的产物,是断裂带的物质组成,其结构特征记录了断裂活动演化的历史。本文以汶川地震发震断裂映秀-北川断裂带中虹口八角庙地区地表露头和汶川地震科学钻探一号孔(WFSD-1)岩心为主要研究对象,通过详细的野外调研、显微结构及XRD分析等,识别出映秀-北川断裂带由五个次级单元组成,分别为:碎裂岩带、黑色断层泥和角砾岩带、灰色断层角砾岩带、深灰色断层角砾岩带以及断层泥和角砾岩带。断裂岩组合显示映秀-北川断裂带具有多核断裂结构特征。映秀-北川断裂带在地表出露的宽度约为240m,岩心中厚度约为105m,碎裂岩、断层角砾岩、断层泥在地表及岩心中均发育,而假玄武玻璃仅在地表碎裂岩部分出现。汶川地震主滑移带斜切了映秀-北川断裂带,不完全沿袭古地震滑移带,暗示汶川地震断裂带与映秀-北川断裂带可能不是同一个断裂体系。通过断裂岩的研究确定了映秀-北川断裂带存在着摩擦熔融、热增压、动态润滑和机械润滑等多种断裂滑移机制。低温热年代学的研究推断映秀-北川断裂带的形成时代为15～10Ma,自形成以来,映秀-北川断裂带的长期活动控制着龙门山的快速隆升。断裂带五个不同断裂岩组合的内部结构带,可能与龙门山不同的隆升速率期有着一定的联系。  相似文献   

青藏高原西北部晚第四纪以来的隆升作用 ——来自西昆仑阿什库勒多级河流阶地的证据   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

潘家伟  李海兵  孙知明  司家亮  裴军令  刘栋梁  MarieLuce CHEVALIER 《岩石学报》2013,29(6):2199-2210

青藏高原的隆升是新生代最壮观的地质事件,关于青藏高原隆升研究一直是地学界的研究焦点.河流阶地的发育记录了丰富的构造运动和气候变化的信息,近年来被广泛应用于构造运动和气候演变的研究,但前人研究的河流阶地基本分布在青藏高原的周缘,阶地的形成可能是气候与构造运动共同作用的结果.本文通过高分辨率卫星影像的解译,在青藏高原内部的西昆仑阿什库勒地区发现了多达七级的河流阶地.对该处河流阶地结构、沉积特征、几何特征的研究表明该阶地是典型的构造成因阶地.野外利用全站仪对河流阶地地貌形态进行了精细的测量,获得了各级阶地的拔河高度分别为4～5m(T1)、9～ 10m(T2)、16 ～ 18m(T3)、28～31m(T4)、45～48m(T5).通过宇宙成因核素10Be测年方法对各级阶地面的暴露年龄进行了测定,获得了各级阶地的形成时代分别为7.7±0.7ka(T1)、32.7±3.lka (T2)、53.6±2.5ka(T3)、115.7±23.2ka(T4)、166.8±10.4ka (T5)、19.5±8.5ka (T6).由此确定了晚第四纪166.8ka以来不同时期的河流下切速率总体介于0.2～0.35mm/yr,该速率代表了青藏高原西北部晚第四纪166.8ka以来的平均隆升速率.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of pipe-soil interaction for marine pipelines in sandy seabed subjected to wave loadings     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Accurate assessment of pipe-soil interaction under cyclic wave actions is of pronounced importance for the stability analysis of submarine pipelines in sandy seabed. This paper presents a plane-strain numerical study on such a problem using a finite element program DBLEAVES, which incorporates an elasto-plastic soil model that is capable of capturing the cyclic mobility behavior of sandy soils under cyclic loadings. A detailed validation against analytical solution and model test results was provided to demonstrate the robustness of the present numerical model to mimic both pre- and post-liquefaction behavior of sands, before an extensive parametric study was introduced. It was found that the accumulation of excess pore pressure in the vicinity and far field of a pipeline was strongly affected by the existence of it, with an influential range of about two pipe diameters. The influences of wave and seabed properties (e.g. relative densities) on the uplift response of pipelines were then investigated, based on which an explicit model was developed to quantify the degradation effect of waves on the uplift bearing capacity of pipelines against thermally-induced buckling.  相似文献