5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖缓释微囊制备工艺研究     

王奎旗  管华诗 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

5-氟尿嘧啶 (5- Fu)以壳聚糖为载体 ,采用乳化化学交联技术 ,制备了 5- Fu壳聚糖微囊。用正交设计安排试验 ,以微囊载药量、药物包封率、粒子分布百分数为指标优化微囊的制备工艺 ,并以最佳制备工艺条件制得含药微囊 ,方法重现性好 ,制备工艺稳定。体外释放度试验表明 ,该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。  相似文献   

花岗岩样品高温后损伤的试验研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

邱一平  林卓英 《岩土力学》2006,27(6):1005-1010

对河南省某地产25块花岗岩样品进行高温预热处理,测量了加温前后弹性纵波波速,并对样品进行单轴压缩应力-应变全过程试验。通过以上试验,给出如下结果：温度对岩石损伤变化的作用;温度对岩石裂隙密度和损伤应变能释放率的影响。实验结果验证了花岗岩的塑性应变主要与偏斜应力产生的形状改变比能有关,而与体积改变比能的关系不大。  相似文献   

Influence of melt‐freeze‐cycles on the radionuclide transport in homogeneous laboratory snowpack          下载免费PDF全文

Kerstin Hürkamp  Stefanie Tafelmeier  Jochen Tschiersch 《水文研究》2017,31(6):1360-1370

Radionuclides released to the environment and deposited with or onto snow can be stored over long time periods if ambient temperature stays low, particularly in glaciated areas or high alpine sites. The radionuclides will be accumulated in the snowpack during the winter unless meltwater runoff at the snow base occurs. They will be released to surface waters within short time during snowmelt in spring. In two experiments under controlled melting conditions of snow in the laboratory, radionuclide migration and runoff during melt‐freeze‐cycles were examined. The distribution of Cs‐134 and Sr‐85 tracers in homogeneous snow columns and their fractionation and potential preferential elution in the first meltwater portions were determined. Transport was associated with the percolation of meltwater at ambient temperatures above 0 °C after the snowpack became ripe. Mean migration velocities in the pack were examined for both nuclides to about 0.5 cm hr^?1 after one diurnal melt‐freeze‐cycle at ambient temperatures of ?2 to 4 °C. Meltwater fluxes were calculated with a median of 1.68 cm hr^?1. Highly contaminated portions of meltwater with concentration factors between 5 and 10 against initial bulk concentrations in the snowpack were released as ionic pulse with the first meltwater. Neither for caesium nor strontium preferential elution was observed. After recurrent simulated day‐night‐cycles (?2 to 4 °C), 80% of both radionuclides was released with the first 20% of snowmelt within 4 days. 50% of Cs‐134 and Sr‐85 were already set free after 24 hr. Snowmelt contained highest specific activities when the melt rate was lowest during the freeze‐cycles due to concentration processes in remaining liquids, enhanced by the melt‐freeze‐cycling. This implies for natural snowpack after significant radionuclide releases, that long‐time accumulation of radionuclides in the snow during frost periods, followed by an onset of steady meltwater runoff at low melt rates, will cause the most pronounced removal of the contaminants from the snow cover. This scenario represents the worst case of impact on water quality and radiation exposure in aquatic environments.  相似文献   

浒苔绿潮消亡腐败过程中的营养盐释放及其对近海环境的影响     

冯立娜  张海波  孙雨嫣  李修竹  苏荣国  石晓勇 《海洋学报》2020,42(8):59-68

为探讨浒苔绿潮消亡腐败过程中的营养盐释放规律以及浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂对海水水质的影响，在室外模拟近岸浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂过程，并于2018年6月在浒苔绿潮靠岸前开始对主要浒苔绿潮聚积地(鳌山湾、鳌山湾口的海参池、石老人海域)进行观测，实时记录浒苔腐烂状况及对周边环境的影响。模拟实验结果表明:各形态氮、磷营养盐在浒苔腐烂分解过程中升高明显，且以溶解有机态、颗粒态为主。其中生物量为5 g/L实验组溶解有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen，DON)、颗粒态氮(Particulate Nitrogen，PN)、溶解有机磷(Dissolved Organic Phosphorus，DOP)、颗粒态磷(Particulate Phosphorus，PP)的浓度在浒苔腐烂分解过程中达本底浓度的5～10倍以上。现场调查结果显示，随着浒苔绿潮在青岛近岸聚积，各调查站点的溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen，DIN)、DON、DOP受浒苔绿潮吸收影响均降至最低值，后随着浒苔绿潮腐烂逐渐上升，水质恶化。其中鳌山湾受浒苔绿潮腐烂影响最为严重，在调查期间水体甚至劣于二类水质。PN、PP为调查区内营养盐的主要赋存形式，其中鳌山湾海域PP变化最为明显，随着浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂达到最高值(2.02 μmol/L)。相比于鳌山湾，石老人海域海水交换能力强且在浒苔绿潮靠岸后进行了及时拦截打捞，受浒苔绿潮消亡腐烂影响较小。浒苔绿潮靠岸聚积腐烂，使海域内营养盐含量与结构明显变化，影响海域浮游植物群落结构的稳定,可能引发赤潮等次生生态灾害。因此需要及时清理聚积在青岛近岸的浒苔，避免其腐烂对周边环境造成影响。  相似文献   

鲤(Cyprinus carpio)仔鱼耳石锶(Sr)标记及其时滞特征的研究     

邱晨  姜涛  陈修报  刘洪波  杨健 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):903-912

本研究以确认鱼类早期个体规模化耳石锶(Sr)标记的可行性及其时滞特征为目的,选择鲤(Cyprinuscarpio)仔鱼为实验对象,开展了六水氯化锶(SrCl2.6H2O)溶液2d的活体浸泡标记研究。结果显示,该浸泡标记过程对鲤存活、生长无显著影响。利用X射线电子探针微区分析(EPMA)技术进行分析:定量线分析结果显示对照组Sr/Ca比值(3.0左右)趋于稳定,标记组却均出现了明显的标记峰值(远3.0);面分布分析结果表明在标记组鲤耳石上均呈现出一圈明显、清晰可见的红色"高Sr标记环"。此外,对比对照组和标记组微化学结果发现,"高Sr标记环"在恢复续养250d后的鲤耳石仍然可见,说明Sr标记可长期存在。观察鲤仔鱼耳石微结构,发现Sr在耳石上存在明显的时滞效应。首次得出在开始浸泡后的第3天,耳石上才开始出现Sr标记,在浸泡结束后的第6天,耳石Sr标记区才会完全消失的结论。本研究首次揭示出,外源Sr标记的方法在鲤仔鱼种群大规模增殖放流标记和评价中将具有很强的稳定性、可靠性、可行性和应用潜力。  相似文献   

波浪作用下沉积物中重金属Cu释放规律研究     

张皓清  贾永刚  荆少东  王凯歌  卢芳  潘玉英  刘锦昆 《海洋科学》2019,43(9):64-71

黄河水下三角洲位于半封闭的渤海内部,海底沉积物中重金属Cu污染严重,且该区域多发风暴潮,引起沉积物再悬浮甚至液化,导致沉积物中重金属Cu重新释放进入海水中。本研究以黄河口粉质土作为底床,采用室内波浪水槽试验模拟重金属Cu在不同水动力条件下,通过静态扩散、底床未液化状态下再悬浮以及底床液化状态下再悬浮3种方式进入上覆水体的释放过程。结果表明:上覆水体中重金属Cu的浓度分布与悬浮泥沙浓度分布密切相关,呈现出一致的变化规律;沉积物液化会明显促进重金属Cu向上覆水体中释放,底床液化再悬浮阶段上覆水体中溶解态Cu的浓度为静态扩散阶段的18倍,为底床非液化再悬浮阶段的11倍;此外,底床液化会导致沉积物中重金属Cu向深处扩散,扩散深度约为沉积物液化深度的一半。  相似文献   

Development mechanisms of an explosive cyclone over East Sea on 3–4 April 2012     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2015

The development mechanisms of the explosive cyclone that occurred during 3–4 April 2012 over East Sea (Sea of Japan) are examined through numerical simulation and sensitivity experiments using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. The characteristics of this explosive cyclone are different from typical cyclonic features observed in this region, including its intensity, deepening rate, and formation time. Numerical simulation, reanalysis data, upper and surface weather charts, and satellite data indicate that the strong baroclinic instability and temperature advection associated with upper-level cut-off low and the interaction of potential vorticity (PV) anomalies between the lower- and upper-level are essential to explosive cyclogenesis.The sensitivity experiments of the explosive cyclone show that latent heat release (LHR) is an important factor in explosive cyclogenesis. The intensification, extent, and movement speed of the cyclone are amplified by LHR as well as the formation of an upper-level cut-off low. The role of LHR is primary important in the generation and evolution of the cyclone. Especially, the LHR contributes to roughly 50% of decrease in sea level pressure (SLP) and 50% of the central cyclone’s low-level PV generation in initial stage. During a 48-h simulation, the contributions of the LHR, surface heat flux, and their interaction on the decrease of SLP of the cyclone are found to be 40.6, −8.2, and 10.5%, respectively. These results reveal that the explosive cyclone has larger deepening rates than OJ cyclones, and develops with a large amount of LHR near the cyclone center.  相似文献   

涡度收支与潜热释放对西南低涡形成的作用          下载免费PDF全文

陈鹏  徐海明  林永辉 《大气科学学报》2014,37(5):575-584

利用中尺度WRF模式对2008年6月30日—7月1日生成于川东南地区的一个西南低涡的发生发展过程进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果显示低涡首先出现在850 h Pa上,几个小时后700h Pa上才有低涡生成,850 h Pa低涡的形成与西南低空急流有着密切的联系。通过ω方程的诊断分析表明,涡度的水平平流项和辐散项对850 h Pa低涡的形成起主要作用,而潜热释放对850 h Pa低涡的形成作用不大;潜热加热是700 h Pa气流不断辐合从而形成低涡的主要因子。干敏感性试验研究进一步证实了潜热释放对850 h Pa低涡的影响不明显,但是会导致700 h Pa上气旋性的切变加强辐合从而形成低涡。  相似文献   

Mussel farming as a nutrient reduction measure in the Baltic Sea: consideration of nutrient biogeochemical cycles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stadmark J  Conley DJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1385-1388

Nutrient loads from the land to the sea must be reduced to combat coastal eutrophication. It has been suggested that further mitigation efforts are needed in the brackish Baltic Sea to decrease nutrients, especially in eutrophic coastal areas. Mussel farming is a potential measure to remove nutrients directly from the sea. Mussels consume phytoplankton containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P); when the mussels are harvested these nutrients are removed from the aquatic system. However, sedimentation of organic material in faeces and pseudo-faeces below a mussel farm consumes oxygen and can lead to hypoxic or even anoxic sediments causing an increased sediment release of ammonium and phosphate. Moreover, N losses from denitrification can be reduced due to low oxygen and reduced numbers of bioturbating organisms. To reveal if mussel farming is a cost-effective mitigation measure in the Baltic Sea the potential for enhanced sediment nutrient release must be assessed.  相似文献   

Phosphorus release from coastal Baltic Sea sediments as estimated from sediment profiles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Rydin  J.M. Malmaeus  O.M. Karlsson  P. Jonsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

We used the decline in total phosphorus (P) concentration with depth in sediment profiles from the North-western Baltic Proper coastal zone to calculate the site-specific amount of sediment P eventually to be released to the water column: The potentially mobile P. P fractionation revealed that iron bound P dominated the potentially mobile P at sites with oxic surface sediment layers. Organic P forms were also a major constituent of the potentially mobile P pool. We determined that 1–7 g P/m² were potentially mobile at our sites, and the turnover time of this P pool was considered short, i.e., less than a decade. To determine long-term average P fluxes to and from the surface sediment layer, we first multiplied the constant and relatively low P concentration in deeper sediment layers with the sediment accumulation rate to gain the P burial rate. Then the average total P concentration in settling matter was multiplied with the sediment accumulation rate to estimate the depositional P flux at each site. The difference between the depositional and burial rates represents the long-term average release rate of sediment P and varied between 1.0 and 2.7 g P/m² yr among our sites. These rates are at the same order of magnitude as values reported from other areas of the Baltic Sea, and constitute a major source of P to the water column.  相似文献