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Environmental changes are expected to shift the distribution and abundance of vegetation by determining seedling establishment and success. However, most current ecosystem models only focus on the impacts of abiotic factors on biogeophysics (e.g., global distribution, etc.), ignoring their roles in the population dynamics (e.g., seedling establishment rate, mortality rate, etc.) of ecological communities. Such neglect may lead to biases in ecosystem population dynamics (such as changes in population density for woody species in forest ecosystems) and characteristics. In the present study, a new establishment scheme for introducing soil water as a function rather than a threshold was developed and validated, using version 1.0 of the IAP-DGVM as a test bed. The results showed that soil water in the establishment scheme had a remarkable influence on forest transition zones. Compared with the original scheme, the new scheme significantly improved simulations of tree population density, especially in the peripheral areas of forests and transition zones. Consequently, biases in forest fractional coverage were reduced in approximately 78.8% of the global grid cells. The global simulated areas of tree, shrub, grass and bare soil performed better, where the relative biases were reduced from 34.3% to 4.8%, from 27.6% to 13.1%, from 55.2% to 9.2%, and from 37.6% to 3.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the new scheme had more reasonable dependencies of plant functional types (PFTs) on mean annual precipitation, and described the correct dominant PFTs in the tropical rainforest peripheral areas of the Amazon and central Africa. 相似文献
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Extensive geophysical research has been carried out in southeast Tibet due to the complex geological structure and high seismicity. The study of the Moho interface can provide useful information for the geophysical research. SWChinaCVM-1.0 is the first version of a regional community velocity model for the Sichuan-Yunnan region and aims to provide a reference for seismological research in the region. Based on this model, a high-precision community Moho interface model can be obtained using common conversion point (CCP) stacking, to further expand the applicability of SWChinaCVM-1.0. Before CCP stacking, it is necessary to check the fit of the practical and theoretical travel times of the Ps phase and its multiples under the constraints of the model. Using this method, referred to as Hκ0 stacking, we determined the Moho interface. However, the multiples were poorly fitted with the theoretical travel times at many stations, and the crustal thickness obtained was inconsistent with previous findings. Therefore, we speculate that the SWChinaCVM-1.0 model has some limitations that render it incompatible with the CCP stacking method. To further verify this hypothesis, we performed H-κ stacking using the vP-vS model, vP model, vS model, and the regional average velocity vP0 and compared the results with those of Hκ0 stacking. The results of the comparison indicate that the SWChinaCVM-1.0 model requires improvements. In addition, by analyzing the SWChinaCVM-1.0 inversion process, we found that the vS model was more reliable than the vP model. Finally, we adopted the crustal thickness obtained using H-κ stacking based on the vS model as the initial version of a community Moho interface model for the Sichuan-Yunnan region (SWChinaCVM-MOHO-1.0). 相似文献
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利用2007年6月至2009年11月丹东市区器测能见度资料和人工观测能见度资料,分析目测能见度与器测能见度的关系,探讨不同季节中,PM_10。和PM_2．5、PM_1.0。颗粒物浓度对大气能见度的影响,研究降水强度与PM的湿清除效率关系。结果表明：在低能见度情况下,目测能见度与器测能见度的比值相对较小;能见度较差时,PM_1.0粒子比重增大,PM_1.0／PM_1.0和PM2．s／PM_1.0比值与月平均风速为负相关;天气现象日数较多的月份,其对应的月平均能见度较小;PM日平均质量浓度的改变量以及降雨量对PM的湿清除效率与降水强度相关,器测目测能见度平均值随着降水强度的增加而降低。 相似文献
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Quantifying the response of forest carbon balance to future climate change in Northeastern China: Model validation and prediction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Changhui Peng Xiaolu Zhou Shuqing Zhao Xiangping Wang Biao Zhu Shilong Piao Jingyun Fang 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,66(3-4):179-194
In this study, we report on the validation of process-based forest growth and carbon and nitrogen model of TRIPLEX against observed data, and the use of the model to investigate the potential impacts and interaction of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 on forest net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon budgets in northeast of China. The model validation results show that the simulated tree total volume, NPP, total biomass and soil carbon are consistent with observed data across the Northeast of China, demonstrating that the improved TRIPLEX model is able to simulate forest growth and carbon dynamics of the boreal and temperate forest ecosystems at regional scale. The climate change would increase forest NPP and biomass carbon but decrease overall soil carbon under all three climate change scenarios. The combined effects of climate change and CO2 fertilization on the increase of NPP were estimated to be 10–12% for 2030s and 28–37% in 2090s. The simulated effects of CO2 fertilization significantly offset the soil carbon loss due to climate change alone. Overall, future climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 would have a significant impact on the forest ecosystems of Northeastern China. 相似文献
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在第一版国际南大洋地图集(the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 1.0,IBCSO V1)的基础上,利用现场水文观测中的水深数据重构了普里兹湾及其周围海域的海底地形,建立了更准确的高分辨率数字水深模型。从多套现场水文观测数据中提取了水深观测结果,去除重复剖线后,比较了水文观测中的水深数据与IBCSO V1在500 m×500 m网格上的差异。在保留IBCSO V1中原始多波束、单波束回声测深数据和其他水深观测数据的前提下,使用插值技术修正了无观测数据海域地形。基于大量的海豹观测数据在较大程度上订正了IBCSO V1海床深度。与IBCSO V1海床深度相比,从戴维斯站以东至82°E的南极大陆沿岸、埃默里冰架前缘西部以及西冰架前缘附近区域的海床深度被低估的可能性最大。优化的南极普里兹湾海域水深数字地图改进了对普里兹湾海底地形结构特征的认识。更加准确的地形数据有利于理解海底地形对普里兹湾海洋环流的影响和建立更加可靠的数值模型。 相似文献
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Chen Nengsong Zhang Kexin Wang Guocan Hou Guangjiu Zhu Yunhai Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1998,9(3)
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采用Crust 1.0 地壳模型、SIO V24.1重力场模型和SIO V18.1地形模型计算华北地区的重力势能,并进行动力地形改正以消除岩石圈下地幔运动产生的径向作用力对重力势能的影响。利用有限元方法求解重力势能与水平构造应力之间的平衡方程,得到华北地区的水平构造应力分布。结果表明,华北地区水平构造应力空间分布不均匀,高重力势能区表现为引张状态,低势能区为压缩状态;阴山-燕山断块中北部为高势能区,张应力以N-S方向分布;华北平原断块西南部卫辉周围、东北部葫芦岛和秦皇岛一带以及河淮平原断块西北部郑州附近为低势能区,最大主应力方向为NWW-SEE。 相似文献
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本文将CG-LTDR数据集中的地表覆盖数据产品应用于北京气候中心陆面模式（BCC_AVIM 1.0）中,并通过数值模拟分析不同覆盖类型的数据（冰川、湿地、湖泊、植被PFT）更新对模拟结果的影响。结果表明,新数据对不同地表类型的基本分布特征都有合理描述,但与模式中原有数据的差异明显,表现为冰川比例在格陵兰岛西部地区增加,湿地在大部分地区都减少,湖泊在北美和欧亚大陆中高纬地区的比例减少,但青藏高原及周边地区小幅增加,植被PFT的差异最明显。与采用模式原地表覆盖数据的控制试验相比,新数据引入所致的改变,主要局限于地表覆盖数据改变的区域。冰川数据更新使高纬冰川积雪区和青藏高原的温度降低,湿地数据提高了欧洲和北美主要水区的地面温度,湖泊数据有效降低了亚洲地区的温度,更新植被PFT的影响最广泛,使得南美、南非、东北亚、北美和澳洲大部分地区的温度升高,而中国华南江南地区以及南亚地区的温度降低,但在一些地区的模拟效果降低。数据全部更新引起的温度改变最明显,但并不是所有类型的简单叠加,尤其在地表复杂区域。不同的覆盖类型数据更新,可在一定程度上减少模式对于地表温度的模拟偏差（如格陵兰岛西部和青藏高原地区、欧洲内陆湖区的温度偏高）,因此需适当选用更新的数据。 相似文献
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兴都库什-帕米尔地区是印度板块与欧亚板块相互碰撞的强烈变形区域,也是中国大陆与周边板块动力传递的关键部位,明确该地区两大板块俯冲接触的几何形态和动力作用对研究区域动力环境具有实际意义.本文首先基于Hayes等在2009和2010年提出的Slab1.0的研究思路,利用地震参数准定量地给出两大板块在兴都库什-帕米尔地区碰撞接触的几何形态.结果表明,印度板块在兴都库什地区呈现自南往北的俯冲;欧亚板块在帕米尔地区呈现由北往南的俯冲;同时在兴都库什和帕米尔之间存在俯冲交汇区,在该区印度板块以北西方向、欧亚板块以南东方向相互俯冲.其次基于哈佛大学提供的震源机制解,对不同接触部位进行了应力张量反演,结果显示在兴都库什俯冲区域主要表现为逆冲性质,帕米尔弧西段主要表现为走滑性质,且均具有较好的一致性;而在俯冲交汇区域,走滑、逆冲性质并存,表现为震源机制一致性紊乱.结合两大板块接触的几何形态和区域应力场反演结果,认为印度板块在兴都库什地区主动往北俯冲,而欧亚板块在帕米尔地区被动往南东-南向俯冲,形成两大板块的相互俯冲.本文从几何形态和应力场反演分析两大板块在兴都库什-帕米尔地区碰撞的动力作用方式,可为该区域地球动力学相关研究提供基础资料. 相似文献