Cassini图像中受散射光影响的7颗土星近环内卫星的天体测量          下载免费PDF全文

王志强  刘梦琪  张庆丰  吴林朋  欧钊杰  李燕  李展 《天文学报》2023,64(6):69

卡西尼号探测器携带了光学成像科学子系统(ISS: Imaging Science Subsystem), 在2004--2017年间拍摄了一些土星内卫星的图像. 部分图像中土星内卫星非常靠近土星环, 观测对象受土星环散射光影响导致测量精度差, 甚至无法测量. 由此提出一种适用于这类图像的背景消除算法, 可对受土星光环散射光影响的土星内卫星进行测量. 归算了7颗近环内卫星(土卫十(Janus)、土卫十一(Epimetheus)、土卫十五(Atlas)、土卫十六(Prometheus)、土卫十七(Pandora)、土卫三十二(Methone)和土卫四十九(Anthe))的70张ISS图像, 并与不消除散射光的方法进行了比较. 结果显示, 该方法至少可以提高43%的精度. 和喷气推进实验室的土星卫星历表\lk SAT415相比, 测量得到的赤经和赤纬方向的残差均值分别为0.72km和2.26km, 标准差分别为10.99km和11.36km.  相似文献   

黄鳍棘鲷IGF-2基因克隆及IGF-1/2在胚胎发育过程中的表达特性分析     

崔淼  李钰杰  杨永春  张佳颖  许鲜姬  林李泉  林国荣  张其中  许德麟 《海洋学报》2022,44(10):152-162

类胰岛素样生长因子（Insulin-like Growth Factors,IGFs）是生物生长轴下游的关键调控因子,其对促进细胞分化与机体生长具有重要的作用。为深入研究IGF-1和IGF-2基因在黄鳍棘鲷（Acanthopagrus latus）胚胎发育过程中表达机制及可能发挥的作用,本文利用分子克隆技术分离鉴定了黄鳍棘鲷IGF-2基因cDNA序列,并对其进行了生物信息学分析。同时,在对其胚胎发育过程连续观察的基础上,利用实时荧光定量PCR的方法,测定并分析了黄鳍棘鲷胚胎发育不同时期IGF-1和IGF-2基因mRNA的表达情况。实验结果表明,IGF-2基因cDNA序列全长为1 736 bp,其中开放阅读框648 bp,共编码215个氨基酸。多重序列比对分析发现,黄鳍棘鲷IGF-2氨基酸序列与同属鲷科鱼类的大西洋鲷（Sparus aurata）相似性为99.95%,与三长棘赤鲷（Pagrus auriga）相似性为98.14%,与其他硬骨鱼类的IGF-2也有较高的相似性,显示出IGF-2在硬骨鱼类进化关系上的保守性。在水温为（26.5±0.5）℃,pH为8.0和盐度为28的条件下,黄鳍棘鲷由受精卵至孵化出膜历时25.5 h。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示:IGF-1和IGF-2基因mRNA 在黄鳍棘鲷胚胎发育不同时期均有表达。IGF-1基因表达量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在肌肉效应期达到最高表达量;IGF-2基因表达量呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势,在原肠期、肌肉效应期与出膜后3 d表现高表达量,这表明IGF-1和IGF-2基因在胚胎发育时期可能发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

红树植物拟海桑及其亲本的根际细菌群落特征分析     

叶锦成  陈毅青  高琳  周鲜娇  钟才荣  张颖  王芸 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(6):75-89

植物根际微生物群落能够从亲本传递给子代, 从而影响植物的表型。野外调查发现, 海桑属(Sonneratia)红树植物自然杂交杂种拟海桑在野外通常比亲本生长更为强壮, 表现出极强的生存优势。为探究这一现象的原因, 本研究从根际微生物角度出发, 利用细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术, 对采自海南省东寨港的三种红树植物拟海桑(S. × gulngai)及其亲本海桑(S. caseolaris)和杯萼海桑(S. alba)的根际土壤进行根际细菌群落特征分析。结果表明, 三种红树植物根际细菌群落多样性高, 种类丰富, 分属于30门242科351属, 其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为最优势门, 在各个样本中丰度超过40%, 子代拟海桑继承亲本的根际微生物多数都属于这一类群。研究发现, 子代拟海桑与两亲本的根际细菌类群组成在门水平存在显著差异, 其中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在子代拟海桑中丰度分别为4.3%和6.5%, 显著高于亲本1%~2%的含量; 在亲本杯萼海桑中, 丰度高达19.8%的栖热菌门(Thermi)在子代中丰度仅有1%, 而热袍菌门(Thermotogae)(5%)甚至消失。总之, 子代拟海桑与亲本杯萼海桑的根际微生物群落组成相对于亲本海桑表现出更大的差异性。土壤理化性质分析发现, 子代拟海桑的土壤全氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量显著低于亲本, 含量相差3倍以上, 相关性分析表明, TN浓度与菌群中的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)丰度显著负相关。通过功能预测分析发现, 子代拟海桑微生物群落中与基础代谢相关的碳水化合物、氨基酸、能量以及脂质代谢相关的功能基因丰度显著都高于亲本, 表现出代谢能力的增强。本研究认为, 子代拟海桑对亲本的根际土壤微生物进行了选择性继承, 菌群组成更为合理, 在保持菌群高度多样性的同时, 一些根际促生菌的含量增加, 使菌群基础代谢能力增加, 更有利于子代拟海桑的生长。  相似文献   

Risk mitigation and the social cost of carbon     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

The social cost of carbon – i.e., the marginal present-value cost imposed by greenhouse gas emissions – is determined by a complex interaction between factual assumptions, modeling methods, and value judgments. Among the most crucial factors is society's willingness to tolerate potentially catastrophic environmental risks. To explore this issue, the present analysis employs a stochastic climate–economy model that accounts for uncertainties in baseline economic growth, baseline emissions, greenhouse gas mitigation costs, carbon cycling, climate sensitivity, and climate change damages. In this model, preferences are specified to reflect the high degree of risk aversion revealed by private investment decisions, signaled by the large observed gap between the average rates of return paid by safe and risky financial instruments. In contrast, most climate–economy models assume much lower risk aversion. Given high risk aversion, the analysis finds that investment in climate stabilization yields especially large net benefits by forestalling low-probability threats to long-run human well-being. Accordingly, the social cost of carbon attains the markedly high value of $25,700 per metric ton of carbon dioxide in a baseline scenario in which emissions are unregulated. This value falls to just $4 per ton as the stringency of control measures is successively increased. These results cast doubt on the idea that the social cost of carbon takes on a uniquely defined, objective value that is independent of policy decisions. This does not, however, rule out the use of carbon prices to achieve the benefits of climate stabilization using least-cost mitigation measures.  相似文献   

动机、成本、风险：家长视角下研学旅游产品价值感知研究     

文彤  李思敏  苏海洋  肖凯杰 《热带地理》2022,42(10):1677-1689

以中小学生自然教育研学旅游作为具体情境,基于539份家长问卷数据阐释研学旅游动机与价值感知之间的关系,并通过成本感知和风险感知探讨其内在机制和边界条件。结果表明,家长感知的研学旅游动机越强烈,越容易感知到研学旅游产品所传递的价值,验证了研学旅游情境下动机对价值感知的积极影响,也形成了对动机与价值之间关系研究的理论补充。并且,这一动机除了直接作用于价值感知外,还会通过成本感知的部分中介作用影响价值感知,揭示了中国家长对于教育价值的重视会削弱其对“利失”的感知。此外,进一步验证了风险感知的积极影响,即家长感知研学旅游的不确定性水平越高,动机对价值感知的积极影响越明显,且会抑制成本感知对价值感知的负向作用,但风险感知水平达到一定高度时,其对成本感知与价值感知间的抑制作用将不显著。因此,面向需求设计打造产品,突出产品价值、加大宣传营销力度、把控活动安全、合理制定价格,获取家长群体的认同接受,将是研学旅游进一步拓展市场的重要考量。  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics and factors influencing microbial communities in the core soils of a seawater intrusion area in Longkou City,China     

Sang  Shilei  Dai  Heng  Hu  Bill X.  Huang  Zhenyu  Liu  Yujiao  Xu  Lijia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1833-1845

Microbes live throughout the soil profile. Microbial communities in subsurface horizons are impacted by a saltwater–freshwater transition zone formed by seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal regions. The main purpose of this study is to explore the changes in microbial communities within the soil profile because of SWI. The study characterizes the depth-dependent distributions of bacterial and archaeal communities through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons by collecting surface soil and deep core samples at nine soil depths in Longkou City, China. The results showed that although microbial communities were considerably impacted by SWI in both horizontal and vertical domains, the extent of these effects was variable. The soil depth strongly influenced the microbial communities, and the microbial diversity and community structure were significantly different (p < 0.05) at various depths. Compared with SWI, soil depth was a greater influencing factor for microbial diversity and community structure. Furthermore, soil microbial community structure was closely related to the environmental conditions, among which the most significant environmental factors were soil depth, pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen.

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Precise positions of Phoebe determined with CCD image-overlapping calibration     

Q. Y. Peng  Q. F. Zhang 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,366(1):208-212

This paper presents 210 positions of Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn, observed with the 1-m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years 2003–2005, using a CCD image-overlapping calibration method proposed recently by Peng et al. After the observed positions of Phoebe are compared with its theoretical positions computed by the new JPL ephemerides DE405 and SAT199, the mean residuals (observed minus computed) are 0.21 and −0.05 arcsec in right ascension and declination, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.06 arcsec.  相似文献   

New confirmation of image-processing techniques for astrometry of Saturn and its satellites     

Q. Y. Peng 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(4):1597-1600

The image-processing techniques used by Peng et al. are further improved to measure precisely the positions of Saturn and its satellites. 495 CCD images taken with the 1-m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years 2002–2004 are processed with these techniques. These measured pixel positions are compared to their theoretical positions computed with the ephemerides of TASS1.7 for the satellites and JPL DE405 for Saturn itself. Analysis of the data for the intersatellite positions among four bright Saturnian satellites (S3–S6) and for Saturn–satellite (i.e. Saturn–Titan) positions shows that these measured positions have the same dispersions, i.e. about 0.05 and 0.06 arcsec in right ascension and declination, respectively. However, for the fainter satellites, Enceladus and Mimas, poorer residuals up to 0.1 and 0.2 arcsec, respectively, in both directions are found mainly due to their small separations from the primary planet and short exposure time in order to obtain useful images of Saturn.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic change recorded by diatoms in sediments of Liuxihe Reservoir, southern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jing Liu  Zhangwen Lin  Huajun Zhang  Bo-Ping Han 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,47(1):17-27

Diatoms are used widely for paleolimnological studies in lakes, but their use for studying the environmental history of reservoirs has not been tested extensively. Reservoirs have hydrodynamic characteristics intermediate between those of rivers and lakes. This study assessed the utility of diatom assemblages as recorders of long-term changes in hydrodynamics and spatial gradients in Liuxihe Reservoir, an impoundment in southern China. Four sediment cores were collected in the reservoir, from the riverine, transition and lacustrine zones. Each core was sectioned at 2-cm intervals to investigate the stratigraphic distribution of accumulated diatoms. Varve counting was used to develop a chronology for one of the cores. The unique characteristics of Liuxihe Reservoir, including its large size, great depth, long narrow morphology and strong thermal stratification for 10 months of the year, limit secondary sedimentation processes and preserve the varves, enabling development of an accurate chronology. Damming profoundly altered the physical environment of the former river, especially in the lacustrine zone, where the change is clearly illustrated by diatoms in the sediment. Diatom abundance increased as a consequence of nutrient enrichment after construction of the dam in 1958, but later decreased as the new impoundment stabilized. After damming, relative abundance of Cyclotella increased along with a simultaneous decrease of Navicula and Achnanthes in the lacustrine zone, most significantly in 1963, when Cyclotella replaced Navicula as the dominant genus. This switch was indicative of a general shift from a lotic to a lentic habitat. A longitudinal gradient was apparent in the patterns of sedimentation and diatom accumulation at different sites in the reservoir, with diatom abundance highest in the transition zone. In the long term, water discharge from the reservoir showed a weak, but significant negative correlation with diatom abundance in the lacustrine zone (r = −0.320, P = 0.03). In summary, diatom assemblages in the Liuxihe Reservoir sediments recorded past changes in hydrodynamics, suggesting that paleolimnological study of some impoundments is feasible.  相似文献   

广西第三系泥岩桩端承载力确定方法   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

范秋雁吴起星  周国贵 《工程地质学报》2004,12(4):408-411

通过收集广西区内 19个深层平板载荷试验资料 ,对刚塑性太沙基理论计算承载力的公式进行了修正 ,提出了广西第三系泥岩桩端承载力的计算公式  相似文献