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21.
Application of aircraft observations over Beijing in cloud microphysical property retrievals from CloudSat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cloud microphysical property retrievals from the active microwave instrument on a satellite require the cloud droplet size distribution obtained from aircraft observations as a priori data in the iteration procedure.The cloud lognormal size distributions derived from 12 flights over Beijing,China,in 2008-09 were characterized to evaluate and improve regional CloudSat cloud water content retrievals.We present the distribution parameters of stratiform cloud droplet （diameter ＜500 tm and ＜1500 μm） and discuss the effect of large particles on distribution parameter fitting.Based on three retrieval schemes with different lognormal size distribution parameters,the vertical distribution of cloud liquid and ice water content were derived and then compared with the aircraft observations.The results showed that the liquid water content （LWC） retrievals from large particle size distributions were more consistent with the vertical distribution of cloud water content profiles derived from in situ data on 25 September 2006.We then applied two schemes with different a priori data derived from flight data to CloudSat overpasses in northern China during April-October in 2008 and 2009.The CloudSat cloud water path （CWP） retrievals were compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） liquid water path （LWP） data.The results indicated that considering a priori data including large particle size information can significantly improve the consistency between the CloudSat CWP and MODIS CWP.These results strongly suggest that it is necessary to consider particles with diameters greater than 50 tm in CloudSat LWC retrievals. 相似文献
22.
利用2006-2010年的CloudSat热带气旋过境数据集资料,定量分析了大西洋地区飓风的云、降水和热力结构在不同演变阶段内的分布特征,结果表明:雷达反射率的发生概率以5 km高度为"拐点"呈现不同的分布特点,且成熟阶段的回波强度明显大于发展和消亡阶段.各径向环内深对流云发生概率始终最大,积云和雨层云始终最小.冰水含量的最大值位于内核区且沿径向不断减小,有效粒子半径和分布宽度参数随高度减小而粒子数浓度却增大.温度距平在距离中心200 km以内随飓风演变不断增大,而200 km以外始终较小.各阶段8 km以下存在湿心区,而其上方正好对应暖心区.内核区发展阶段存在近饱和区而成熟和消亡阶段存在向外倾斜的未饱和区.各阶段不同径向环内4 km以上主要为稳定层结而4 km以下的层结特性各异,且假相当位温沿径向逐渐减小. 相似文献
23.
Cloud is essential in the atmosphere, condensing water vapor and generating strong convective or large-scale persistent precipitation. In this work, the relationships between cloud vertical macro- or microphysical properties, radiative heating rate, and precipitation for convective and stratiform clouds in boreal summer over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite measurements and TRMM precipitation data. The precipitation intensity caused by convective clouds is twofold stronger than that by stratiform clouds. The vertical macrophysics of both cloud types show similar features over the TP, with the region weakening the precipitation intensity and compressing the cloud vertical expansion and variation in cloud top height, but having an uplift effect on the average cloud top height. The vertical microphysics of both cloud types under conditions of no rain over the TP are characterized by lower-level ice water, ice particles with a relatively larger range of sizes, and a relatively lower occurrence of denser ice particles. The features are similar to other regions when precipitation enhances, but convective clouds gather denser and larger ice particles than stratiform clouds over the TP. The atmospheric shortwave (longwave) heating (cooling) rate strengthens with increased precipitation for both cloud types. The longwave cooling layer is thicker when the rainfall rate is less than 100 mm d?1, but the net heating layer is typically compressed for the profiles of both cloud types over the TP. This study provides insights into the associations between clouds and precipitation, and an observational basis for improving the simulation of convective and stratiform clouds over the TP in climate models. 相似文献
24.
深对流在地-气系统的物质和能量交换中起着至关重要的作用,伴随而来的暴雨、雷电、冰雹等天气会对人类社会产生影响。利用CloudSat/CALIPSO和FY-2E卫星观测数据,研究了中国海域及周边地区非穿透性对流（DCwo）及穿透性对流（CO）的海-陆分布、云顶红外亮温和云团特征（包括对流系统（CS）和对流单体（CC）的面积、活跃性对流比、偏心率、最低亮温、平均亮温梯度）。结果发现:穿透性对流比非穿透性对流的云顶红外亮温更低,垂直高度上的雷达反射率更高;从发生次数来看,非穿透性对流/穿透性对流在海洋比陆地多,低纬度比高纬度多,夏季比其他季节多,冬季海陆差异最大;从云顶亮温的分布来看,海洋比陆地、穿透性对流比非穿透性对流集中分布区间的亮温值更低,穿透性对流的分布区间比非穿透性对流集中;从云团特征来看,对流系统/对流单体的发生频率随面积的增大而降低,穿透性对流比非穿透性对流、海洋比陆地更容易出现较大面积的对流系统/对流单体,海洋穿透性对流的活跃性对流比相对较高;偏心率在0.5以上的发生频率较高,对流系统形状更偏向于圆形,在海洋上更加明显;穿透性对流在海陆上的最低亮温集中分布区间为190-195 K,比非穿透性对流的分布更集中,平均亮温梯度在0.1 K/km以下的发生频率较高。 相似文献
25.
利用2007—2010年CloudSat卫星资料,对青岛地区（35.583°～37.150°N,119.050°～121.000°E）云特征参量进行了统计分析。结果表明：单层云出现频率为39%左右,多层云主要以2层云为主,出现频率均为18%左右;月平均云量在64.1%～77.6%之间,从1月至12月呈递减趋势;卷云、高层云、高积云和层积云平均频率之和为86.5%,其他类型的云出现的频率均不高;云水路径在4、5月和8、9月较大,分别达到了200 g·m-2以上和350 g·m-2以上;云液态有效粒子半径在6～16 μm之间,春、夏、秋季高值区位于云体中部至上部;云冰晶有效粒子半径在20～120 μm之间,高值区位于云体中部至底部;青岛南部,即近海区域云有效粒子半径和云水含量大于北部。 相似文献
26.
利用CloudSat卫星观测资料,从云物理观测和温度垂直结构角度对贵州地区冻雨形成机制进行分析。结果表明,对冰相机制的冻雨,CloudSat卫星的CPR雷达反射率、云冰含量和温度廓线产品能够描述冰相降水粒子在融化层中相变为液态水的"融冰"过程,雷达反射率回波0℃层亮带是该过程的直接反映,云冰含量产品也能够反映融化层对冰相降水粒子的融化作用。对"过冷暖雨"机制的冻雨,CloudSat卫星能够描述降水粒子在整层气温低于0℃的环境中保持过冷水状态下落的过程。研究基于云物理观测证实贵州冻雨存在一种具有融化层的暖雨机制,其大气存在着具有融化层的逆温结构,降水粒子在融化层中为普通液态水,在温度略低于0℃的环境中为过冷水,过冷水下落经过融化层时升温变为普通液态水,再继续下落进入次冻层冷却,最后与低于0℃的地面物体碰并冻结形成冻雨。冻雨形成机制不能通过融化层区分。 相似文献
27.
Cloud profiling radar (CPR) onboard CloudSat allows for deep penetration into dense
clouds/precipitation. In this study, tropical cyclones (TCs) are classified into three stages
as developing, mature, and decaying. The circular TC area with the radius of 500 km is divided
into five regions. The vertical structure characteristics of 94 Western Pacific TCs at
different stages in different regions from June 2006 to February 2014 are statistically
quantified using the CloudSat tropical cyclone overpass product (the CSTC Product). Contoured
frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) of radar reflectivity show an arc-like feature and
exhibit opposite distributions with a boundary at 5 km. Bright bands are found at this
altitude, indicating melting layers. Deep convective (DC) clouds have the largest occurrence
probability in the inner region, while Ci clouds occur more frequently in the outer region at
10-15 km. As clouds have the second largest vertical scale after DC clouds. Distributions of
Ac, Cu, and Ns clouds at different stages have few distinctions. As the altitude increases,
the ice effective radius and the distribution width parameter decrease while the particle
number concentration increases. Moist static energy (MSE), cloud thickness (CT), liquid water
path (LWP), ice water path (IWP), water vapor (WV), and rain rate (RR) all diminish along the
radial direction and are significantly larger at the mature stage. The average value of MSE at
the developing stage is larger than that at the decaying stage. 相似文献
28.
基于CloudSat/CALIPSO资料的海陆上空中云的物理属性分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用CloudSat和CALIPSO卫星云产品数据分析了2007年1月至2010年12月中国华北(陆地A1)、日本海(近海A2)和太平洋地区(远海A3)的中云(高积云Ac和高层云As)分布特征.3个地区全年中云平均发生概率近1/3,As的发生概率高于Ac.As高度主要位于4～8 km,Ac则集中于高度3.5～5.5 km范围,中云垂直及水平尺度从陆地向深海逐步增加.位于对流层中部的中云其所处位置温度使冰晶和过冷水状态的液态水能够同时存在.统计结果表明As中冰态粒子含量占绝对多数,Ac中液态和冰态各占比例彼此相当.As与Ac中IER(冰晶有效粒子半径)分布与高度均呈负相关关系,IER谱分布主要范围为35～80 μm.As中LER(液水有效粒子半径)与高度呈正相关特征,但Ac中这一特征明显减弱,Ac及As中LER主要分布范围为5～15 μm.As及Ac中IWC及LWC谱分布比较分散,与高度之间的相关性亦不明显. 相似文献
29.
利用2013～2016年的Aqua MODIS卫星和CloudSat卫星的二级产品资料,对发生在京津冀地区夏季的降水冰云和非降水冰云进行了统计。基于此,对比分析了两类冰云的云类型,研究了二者在云特征参数、云层数及垂直结构上的差异,并且探究了二者在不同通道下云特征参数的相对大小。结果表明:1）京津冀地区的降水冰云以深对流云和雨层云为主,分别占48.63%和34.65%,而非降水冰云以高层云和卷云为主,分别占55.62%和31.58%。2）降水冰云和非降水冰云的平均云顶温度、云顶高度、光学厚度、积分云水总量、有效粒子半径分别为230.99 K、10.90 km、53.26、937.98 g/m2、31.45
30.
采用CloudSat卫星资料2B-CLDCLASS及2B-CWC-RVOD数据集和Aqua卫星资料的CERES Aqua MODIS Edition 3A数据集,针对2010年12月2-4日北疆地区一次暴雪过程分析了云的类型分布、冰粒子等效半径、低层云等效高度等宏微观物理属性的垂直分布及空间分布情况。结果表明,此次暴雪过程中,云层分布在12km以下,云中冰粒子等效半径和冰水含量均随云层高度增加而减少,冰粒子数浓度在垂直高度上呈单峰分布,高值分布在云层中部5.5km处。北疆地区暴雪前和暴雪后基本为低层云云量小于40%的低值区,暴雪时则为大于60%的高值区,云等效高度暴雪前和暴雪后大多为小于6km值域区,暴雪时为大于6km的高值区。 相似文献