An autochthonous Avalonian basement source for the latest Ordovician Brenton Pluton in the Meguma terrane of Nova Scotia: U–Pb–Hf isotopic constraints and paleogeographic implications     

Duncan Keppie  J.  Gregory Shellnutt  J.  Dostal  Jaroslav  Fraser Keppie  D. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(3):955-969

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The Ediacaran–Ordovician Meguma Supergroup was thrust over Avalonia basement prior to the intrusion of post-Acadian, ca. 370 Ma, S-type...  相似文献   

Do sedentary behavior and physical activity spatially cluster? Analysis of a population-based sample of Boston adolescents     

Kosuke Tamura  Dustin T. Duncan  Jessica Athens  Marc Scott  Michael RientiJr.  Jared Aldstadt  Laurie M. Brotman  Brian Elbel 《GeoJournal》2018,83(4):775-782

Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity are key modifiable behavioral risk factors for chronic health problems, such as obesity and diabetes. Little is known about how sedentary behavior and physical activity among adolescents spatially cluster. The objective was to detect spatial clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity among Boston adolescents. Data were used from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset, a sample of public high school students who responded to a sedentary behavior and physical activity questionnaire. Four binary variables were created: (1) TV watching (>2 h/day), (2) video games (>2 h/day), (3) total screen time (>2 h/day); and (4) 20 min/day of physical activity (≥5 days/week). A spatial scan statistic was utilized to detect clustering of sedentary behavior and physical activity. One statistically significant cluster of TV watching emerged among Boston adolescents in the unadjusted model. Students inside the cluster were more than twice as likely to report >2 h/day of TV watching compared to respondents outside the cluster. No significant clusters of sedentary behavior and physical activity emerged. Findings suggest that TV watching is spatially clustered among Boston adolescents. Such findings may serve to inform public health policy-makers by identifying specific locations in Boston that could provide opportunities for policy intervention. Future research should examine what is linked to the clusters, such as neighborhood environments and network effects.  相似文献   

Reunion hotspot activitity through tertiary time: Initial results from the ocean drilling program, leg 115     

R.A. Duncan  J. Backman  L. Peterson  The Shipboard Scientific Party 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1989,36(1-3)

Leg 115 of the Ocean Drilling Program recovered basaltic rocks from four sites along the ancient trail of the Réunion hotspot. The age of volcanism, determined from biostratigraphic data at the four sites, increases to the north and records the motion of India away from the Réunion hotspot through Tertiary time. Hotspot activity began with the eruption of the Deccan flood basalt flows at the time of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The Réunion hotspot has been stationary with respect to other hotspots in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins through Tertiary time. The geochemical compositions of the drilled basalts differ according to the relative contributions of magmas from hotspot and MORB mantle sources.  相似文献   

Petrology of Peter I Øy (Peter I Island), West Antarctica     

Tore Prestvik  Calvin G. Barnes  Bjrn Sundvoll  Robert A. Duncan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1990,44(3-4)

Peter I Øy is located in the Bellinghausen Sea, 400 km NE of Thurston Island, West Antarctica. It is a Pleistocene volcanic island situated adjacent to a former tranform fault on the continental rise of the presently passive margin between the Pacific and Antarctica. New K-Ar age determinations ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 Ma show that the volcanism responsible for this island took place at the same time as post-subduction, rift-related volcanism occurred in the nearby Marie Byrd Land and the Antarctic Peninsula. The rocks of the island are alkalic basalt and hawaiite, benmoreite and trachyte. The basic tocks typically contain phenocrysts of olivine (Fo_61–84), diopsidic augite, and plagioclase (ca. An₆₀). Small xenoliths are present and consist of mantle-type spinel lherzolite, cumulate clinopyroxenite and gabbro and felsic inclusions that consist of medium-grained strained quartz, plagioclase, and abundant colorless glass. Chemically, the basic rocks are characterized by rather high MgO (7.8–10.2 wt.%) and TiO₂ (3.1–3.7 wt.%) and relatively low CaO (8.4–9.5 wt.%) contents. They have steep REE patterns, [(La/Yb)_N = 20] with HREE only 5 x chrondrite. Y and Sc are almost constant at relatively low levels. Compatible trace elements such as Ni and Cr show considerable variation (190–300 and 150–470 ppm, respectively.), whereas V shows only little variation. Sr and Nd isotope ratios vary slightly with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr averaging 0.70388 and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd 0.512782, both typical for ocean island volcanism. Lead isotope ratios are consistently high in basalts; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 19.194, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.728 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 39.290, whereas benmoreïte is somewhat less radiogenic. Oxygen isotope analyses average δ¹⁸O = +6.0‰. Incompatible trace elements vary by a factor of 1.5–2.0 within the range of the basic rocks. It is proposed that the incompatible trace-element variations represent different degrees (<10%) of partial melting, and that these melts were later modified by minor (<15‰) olivine and spinel fractionation. The very small variation in Y (and Sc) and the very fractionated REE pattern indicate that the source had an Y- and HREE-rich residual phase, most probably garnet. Furthermore, it is suggested that the source was slightly hydrous and that melting took place at 18–20 kbar. Trachyte was derived by multiphase fractionation of ne-normative basalts, and benmoreite from hy-normative parental liquids. The rocks of Peter I Øy are generally of the same type and age as those outcropping in extensional regimes on the nearby continent, and therefore, these occurrences may be related to each other in some way. However, the Peter I Øy rocks are considerably more radiogenic in strontium and less radiogenic in neodymium than the rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula and Marie Byrd Land. Possible explanations are that Peter I Øy represent asthenospheric hot spot activity, or transtensional rifting as subduction ceased.  相似文献   

Atrazine Used as a Tracer of Induced Recharge     

Diana Duncan  Darryll T. Pederson  Timothy R. Shepherd  James D. Can 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1991,11(4):144-150

The city of Lincoln draws water from a well field along the banks of the Platte River in east-central Nebraska. We have been able to follow the infusion of atrazine into this well field under induced recharge. Samples of water from the river, several monitoring wells and a production well were analyzed by GC/MS and solid phase extraction and found to change in concentration over the range 0.1 and 5.0 ppb of atrazine through the spring, summer, and fall 1989. Increases in the concentration of atrazine relating to precipitation events in the Platte River Basin were observable in the well water samples and ultimately in Lincoln municipal tap water. Atrazine from the river was seen to move via induced recharge and into well field ground water and away from the river at an observable rate. The concentration of atrazine in the river is dependent upon time of year and precipitation in the river basin.  相似文献   

The Valle del Bove, Mount Etna: Its origin and relation to the stratigraphy and structure of the volcano — Reply     

J.E. Guest  D.K. Chester  A.M. Duncan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1985,26(3-4)

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The quaternary stratigraphy of mount Etna,sicily: the effects of differing palaeoenvironments on styles of volcanism     

A. M. Duncan  D. K. Chester  J. E. Guest 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1984,47(3):497-516

Using recently published radiometric dates of important horizons within the Etna succession, correlations are proposed with the Late Quaternary biostratigraphies of the Italian mainland and the Mediterranean sea floor. This enables palaeoclimatic, palaeohydrological and palaeogeographical conditions on Etna to be established at stages in the volcano's evolution. It is argued that several major volcaniclastic suites were formed through the operation of processes that were under complex environmental, rather than simple volcanological control alone. In particular it is suggested that certain episodes of phreatomagmatic and laharic activity cannot be related to episodes of more evolved magma production, but rather to times during which the environment, height and configuration of Etna favoured the eruption and emplacement of these deposits. The authors reiterate their explanation of the formation of the Valle del Bove through processes of massive slope failure and indicate that conditions favouring this occurred at an appropriate stage in the history of the volcano. It is concluded that on active basaltic volcanoes, especially those like Etna which are also high mountains, the explanation of more violent phases requires the consideration of both internal volcanological and external environmental and morphological variables and that this is particularly important when its development has been set within the context of Late Quaternary environmental change. Finally the implications of these findings for the assessment of hazard are considered.

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Resumé Utilisant récemment des publications sur les datations radiométriques de couches importantes à l'intérieur de la succession de l'Etna, nous proposons d'établir des corrélations entre les biostratigraphies du Quaternaire Récent de la Péninsule Italienne et due fond marin Méditerranéen. Par ce procédé, nous pouvons établir les conditions paléoclimatiques, paléohydrologiques et paléogéographiques par stades selon l'évolution du volcan, capendant il faut tenir compte du fait que plusieurs suites volcaniclastiques majeures se sont formées à partir d'opérations de processus qui etaient eux-mêmes sous une complexe influence écologique plutôt que volcanologique seulement. Il est suggéré, en particulier, que certains épisodes d'activités phreatomagmatiquer et laharique ne puissent être reliés à des épisodes de production de magma plus elaborée, mais plutôt à des périodes pendant lesquelles le milieu, la hauteur et la configuration de l'Etna ont favorisé l'éruption et la localisation de ces dépôts. Les auteurs réitèrant leur explication sur la formation de la Vallée del Bove selon un processus de rupture radicale de pente et indiquent que les conditions favorables à ce dernier sont survenues à un stade opportun dans l'histoire du volcan. Ceci amènè à conclure que, sur des volcans basaltiques actifs comme l'Etna en particulier qui sont egalement des montagnes élevées, l'explication de phases plus violentes demande la consideration de facteurs volcanologiques internes d'une part, et morphologiques et écologiques externes d'autre part et que ceci est essential lorsque son développement a été fixé dans le contexte du changement de milieu au Quaternaire Recent. Enfin, il faut tenir compte de l'implication de ces résultats face aux incidences de risques.

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Finite strains from non-coaxial strain paths. I. Computational techniques     

Patrick J. Shore  Ian J. Duncan 《Tectonophysics》1984,110(1-2)

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Provincialism and correlations between some properties of vitrinites     

John M. Jones  Alan Davis  Alan C. Cook  Duncan G. Murchison  Ernest Scott 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1984,3(4):315-331

Optical and chemical properties for hand-picked samples of vitrinite from a number of British coalfields are correlated and the correlations compared with previously published data. The form of the relationship found for the properties of British vitrinites is generally similar to that exhibited by a number of other sets of analyses, but some significant differences also exist in several of the correlations. For maximum reflectance as a function of carbon content, the present data indicate that at medium and low ranks, maximum reflectance is lower than the level suggested by most previous studies. The relationships of volatile-matter yield to reflectance and carbon content suggest that at low ranks, volatile-matter yield is strongly dependent upon the nature of the coalification history of the vitrinite. Furthermore, these correlations are likely to show provincialism, in that correlations which hold for one coalfield may not be representative of the relationship in other coalfields. Similarly, major differences in relationships involving bireflectance are associated with the tectonic setting at the time of effective coalification. The data presented here indicate that for low-rank coals at least, correlations between properties of vitrinites must take account of provincialism if they are to be sufficiently reliable to be useful. The measurement of a number of rank-sensitive variables can yield additional information about rank, as compared with the use of a single rank-sensitive variable.  相似文献   

使用微机的自动气象站          下载免费PDF全文

C.  N.  邓肯 《大气科学学报》1986,9(2):161-172

本文综述了应用微型计算机作为自动气象站的核心部分应考虑的要点。阅读本文并不要求读者掌握微机的基本知识。本文所描述的原理涉及来自气象感应元件的信号处理、计算机硬件性能的选择、编制程序的语言和技术、最终结果的输出方法等。作为一个实例,本文介绍了一个用于向公众展示当天气象要素及气候统计资料的自动气象站。  相似文献