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The Telescope Array experiment studies ultra high energy cosmic rays using a hybrid detector. Fluorescence telescopes measure the longitudinal development of the extensive air shower generated when a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with the atmosphere. Meanwhile, scintillator detectors measure the lateral distribution of secondary shower particles that hit the ground. The Middle Drum (MD) fluorescence telescope station consists of 14 telescopes from the High Resolution Fly’s Eye (HiRes) experiment, providing a direct link back to the HiRes measurements. Using the scintillator detector data in conjunction with the telescope data improves the geometrical reconstruction of the showers significantly, and hence, provides a more accurate reconstruction of the energy of the primary particle. The Middle Drum hybrid spectrum is presented and compared to that measured by the Middle Drum station in monocular mode. Further, the hybrid data establishes a link between the Middle Drum data and the surface array. A comparison between the Middle Drum hybrid energy spectrum and scintillator Surface Detector (SD) spectrum is also shown. 相似文献
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Rare centimeter-sized superzoned garnets (SZGs) were discovered in two coesite-bearing whiteschists of the Brossasco-Isasca Unit (BIU), southern Dora-Maira massif (DMM), Western Alps. The superzoned garnet consists of a reddish-brown almandine core crowded with inclusions of staurolite, chloritoid, kyanite, chlorite and paragonite, and of a pinkish pyrope rim with sporadic inclusions of kyanite, and magnesian chlorite. The core–rim contact is relatively sharp and marks the termination of the inclusion-rich portion. The core composition of the superzoned garnet is almost identical to, or slightly richer in Mg, than that of the rim of porphyroblastic garnet in metapelites from the same unit. In the rim of the superzoned garnet, Mg–Fe ratio increases abruptly towards the outermost rim, whose composition is identical to that of the common pyrope in the whiteschist. At the core–rim boundary, there is no chemical gap. Chloritoid and staurolite are common inclusions in the core of the superzoned garnet in the whiteschist and in the porphyroblastic garnet in the metapelite. The staurolite composition (Si=2.00 and total R2+<2.0 for O=23 basis) and its reverse Fe–Mg distribution with respect to garnet suggest a HP origin. The Fe–Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet is reverse in the superzoned garnet, but normal in the garnet of metapelite. Because normal Fe–Mg distribution was reported from other eclogite-facies metapelites, a model petrogenetic grid was constructed in the FMASH model system considering St, Cld, Ky, Chl, Grt, and assuming the following Fe–Mg partitioning of St>Grt>Cld>Chl. The resulting petrogenetic grid suggests that the core of the superzoned garnet contains incompatible assemblages, such as St–Cld–Chl vs. Cld–Chl–Ky. New and literature data and results of experiments in the KFASH system suggest that: (1) the superzoned garnet was formed under a single prograde high-pressure/ultra high-pressure (HP/UHP) Alpine metamorphism, (2) the almandine inclusion-rich core of the superzoned garnet crystallized at disequilibrium in a pelitic composition system at around 600°C and less than 16 kbar, probably from a former metapelite xenolith included in a Variscan granitoid, and (3) the chemical environment of the host rock suddenly changed from the normal pelite to the whiteschist composition by a metasomatic process during the rim growth, i.e., at a stage close to the UHP climax. 相似文献
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超高压变质研究涉及的一个基本力学问题是为什么低密度的大陆地壳岩石能克服浮力俯冲到高密度地幔100多公里的深度.本文的三维有限单元法计算表明:俯冲海洋板块可以拖曳侧面相邻宽度不超过150km的一窄条大陆板块,俯冲到超高压变质深度,形成少见的大规模超高压变质带.十几公里乃至几十公里尺度的陆壳块体,可能被俯冲地幔裹挟至超高压变质深度,在造山带内形成零星出露的超高压变质岩.成熟的陆-陆碰撞带则不可能使陆壳俯冲到超高压变质深度. 相似文献
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1986至1989年,我们在云南鹤庆地震台进行了超微震探测,利用超微震来研究小地震的孕震过程,和大、小地震活动的关系,资料表明:鹤庆台附近2.6级地震的孕震过程,与大震的孕育过程有相似之处。说明利用对小震的研究加快对大震的认识是一条值得探索的途径。 相似文献
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作者根据近几年来某些刊物发表的有关文献,综述了极谱法测定痕量元素的底液组成、峰电位、底液中测定含量范围或检测限、分析对象和分离方法等。 相似文献
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S. Koshevaya V. Grimalsky A. Kotsarenko R. Prez-Enríquez J. Siquieros-A. E. Gutierrez-D. 《Tectonophysics》2007,431(1-4):241
The simulation of the passage from the lithosphere through the atmosphere to the ionosphere of acoustic waves produced by seismic eruption or explosion shows that there is an acoustic coupling among these layers. This in turn is the cause of change in the transparency of the ionosphere for cosmic radio waves. Underground displacements produce Very Low (VLF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) acoustic waves. In their passage through the lithosphere, the VLF wave is subject to nonlinearity that leads to frequency down-conversion, namely, increasing the ELF acoustic component at the Earth's surface. In turn, the nonlinear propagation of ELF acoustic wave in the atmosphere and the ionosphere leads to the emergence of ultra low frequency (ULF) acoustic waves in the ionosphere. An ultra low frequency acoustic wave (ULF) brings influence into the density of F-layer of the ionosphere and causes the transparency change of the ionosphere for cosmic radio waves. 相似文献
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大别山超高压变质带片麻岩锆石中重晶石和硬石膏包裹体及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过拉曼光谱,识别出大别山超高压变质带片麻岩的锆石中有重晶石和硬石膏包裹体,它们与柯石英共生,由此表明超高压变质过程中存在变质流体。 相似文献
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目前国内外对目标层埋深仅有几十米（甚至十几米）的超浅层地震勘探经验不多,理论研究也不够深入。本文从城市活断层探测的角度出发,利用地质学、地球物理学及数学等学科中的相关理论和方法,探讨超浅层地震勘探在青岛复杂地质构造背景下取得有效探测结果的前提条件,并对青岛市主要活断层的典型剖面进行重点研究,力求在城市活断层超浅层地震勘探数据采集技术、数据处理等方面有所进展,为青岛及类似地质构造背景的地区开展活动断层超浅层地震探测提供参考。研究表明超浅层地震反射波法可以获取深度仅有十几米的地层反射信号,且大部分反射剖面都可较清楚地揭示出超浅部断层位置和断层特征。 相似文献
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