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21.
We present 31 new apatite fission-track (AFT) ages for the island of Taiwan that, when combined with existing AFT and zircon fission-track (ZFT) data, provide regional spatial coverage of the island with respect to low-temperature thermochronometry. The overall pattern of ZFT and AFT ages in Taiwan exhibits unreset ages in the southern and western portions of the island and reset ages predominantly in the Central Range and eastern Taiwan. This pattern supports interpretations of the orogen kinematics as reflecting a crustal scale wedge with a southward propagating collision zone. In this model, new material is accreted to the wedge from the west and is transferred to the east with the greatest exhumation occurring along the eastern margin as recorded in the reset ages in the east and unreset ages in the west. The southward propagating collision is consistent with reset ages in the north, where erosional exhumation has been ongoing for longer, and unreset ages in the south, where the younger collision implies less time for erosional exhumation. Despite the variation in the age of the collision along the strike of the island, the widths of the AFT and ZFT reset age zones remain nearly constant between 23° 00′N to 24° 00′N and 23° 20′N to 24° 00′N, respectively, suggesting that the orogen is in an exhumational steady state over these regions with respect to the AFT and ZFT thermochronometers. We use the fission-track data in conjunction with observations of crustal structure, crustal fabric, and heat flow measurements to constrain a time-dependent, two-dimensional, thermomechanical model of orogen evolution. By accounting for the heat transfer, tectonic and erosion processes needed to predict AFT and ZFT ages, we are able to investigate the relationship between the measured ages and the tectonic characteristics of the orogen. With our model we conclude that: (1) roughly half of the material accretion in Taiwan occurs through underplating over an approximately 40 km wide region, (2) current average erosion rates are 3.3 mm/yr in the eastern Central Range and 2.3 mm/yr over the whole island, (3) the collision has been propagating southward at a rate between 20 and 51 km/Ma over the past 2–3 Ma, and (4) central Taiwan is in a topographic, thermal and exhumational steady state. 相似文献
22.
武当地块位于勉(县)略(阳)地区东侧,南部逆冲于扬子板块北缘之上,中-晚古生代期间曾经历过一期伸展构造作用。伸展构造系统以现今中元古代武当山群与新元古代耀岭河组之间的界面为主滑脱面,盖层系统由南往北滑脱拆离。沿主滑脱面上、下侵位了大量的基性岩席,其单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为401±14Ma和407±12Ma。滑脱系统上部次级滑脱面上新生白云母的40Ar-39Ar年龄为282±8.5Ma和261±0.25Ma,表明伸展作用可能一直持续到二叠纪。考虑到邻区同时代的碱性岩浆作用,作者认为伸展构造是伴随着古生代大规模的上地幔基性岩浆的底侵作用发生的,很可能代表了勉略洋打开的早期阶段。这对认识秦岭造山带的构造演化具有重要的意义。 相似文献
23.
利用复杂性系数、频谱分析和小波变换方法处理了穿过张家口—渤海断裂带西缘的地震测深剖面的Pm波形资料,研究不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的多参数特征以及它们在岩石圈构造演化中的意义. 结果表明: 不同构造单元Pm波的复杂性系数和频谱特征有较大差异,内蒙地轴复杂性系数小,莫霍面具有明显的一级间断面特征,怀安—张北位于张家口—渤海断裂带的西缘,该区域Pm波复杂性系数大并且频谱为多极值,Moho面为复杂的壳幔过渡带. 利用小波分析和反射率理论地震图得到该壳幔过渡带由2～3层组成,总厚度约为6～9km,最大厚度位于怀安盆地下方. 该壳幔过渡带是大陆裂谷环境中底侵作用的产物,壳幔过渡带的分层特征与该区域中新生代的多期岩浆活动有密切联系. 相似文献
24.
关于东天山花岗岩与陆壳垂向增生的若干认识 总被引：27，自引：25，他引：27
东天山海西期主碰撞以后形成的花岗岩可分为三个阶段：挤压．伸展转折阶段（310～285Ma）、碰撞后伸展阶段（285-250Ma）和板内阶段（250-208Ma）。这三个阶段在岩石圈厚度、等温线形态和动力学状态等方面的差异，造成了不同阶段花岗岩岩体形态、岩石组合、岩相学和地球化学等方面的差异。除了底侵以外，幔源岩浆的内侵可以造成地壳不同层次岩石的部分熔融，也是花岗质岩浆生成的重要机制和地壳垂向增生的重要方式。东天山的片麻状花岗岩有一部分是变质交代成因的，这类花岗岩的形成与碰撞后幔源岩浆的底侵和内侵有关。变质峰期后韧性剪切带中构造细粒化的岩石是形成片麻状花岗岩的最有利部位。虽然这类花岗岩多数定位于地壳较深层次，但在内侵热量的影响下也可以定位于较浅层次。康古尔韧性剪切带的形成除了构造动力作用以外，还与地壳垂向增生，尤其是内侵有着密切联系，是构造动力、岩浆活动、变质作用和流体运移等复杂反馈的结果。博格达造山带碰撞前和碰撞后岩浆岩均具有正的εNd（t）值，表明该造山带地幔早在碰撞前就已亏损，而碰撞后的地幔则继承了碰撞前地幔的亏损特征。东天山在印支期有一次重要的地壳垂向增生事件，其岩浆活动和成矿作用与古特提期洋的俯冲和随后的碰撞密切有关，因此是东天山从中亚构造体制向特提斯体制转换的产物。 相似文献
25.
越来越多的区域地质资料显示，大别山UHP榴辉岩相变质的大陆岩石以及在片麻岩中发现的含有柯石英包裹体的锆石和含有绿辉石包裹体的石榴子石等重矿物可能却是一个已经熔融了的榴辉岩相大陆岩片遗留下来的残留体，它们被包裹在由变形、变质深成侵入体构成的正片麻岩之中。这些深成侵入体底辟在扬子陆块北缘新元古代低一中级变质的火山一沉积地层之下。依据上述区域地质事实，本文认为，大别山含有榴辉岩残留体的高级片麻岩不是一个“UHP变质地体”或“含有榴辉岩外来构造块体的混杂岩”，其原岩应该是一套由榴辉岩化大陆岩片熔融形成的深成岩浆底辟体。由此本文提出一个新的理论假说和构造模型，即深俯冲到地幔软流圈之中的大陆边缘在不同的深度发生了相应的HP-UHP榴辉岩相变质作用，随着与俯冲洋壳的断离，其在浮力的作用下快速底垫在仰；中大陆边缘之下并发生部分熔融，熔融体底辟并置换了造山带原有的根，后经过同结晶过程的变形和变质作用形成一套含有榴辉岩相残留体的，高级片麻岩本文称之为再生地壳。 相似文献
26.
大别山燕山期亏损重稀土元素花岗岩类的成因及动力学意义 总被引：29，自引：12，他引：29
本文通过岩石和元素地球化学研究对大别山(主要是张家咀地区)燕山期的花岗岩类进行了分类和成因研究,结果表明(1)大别山燕山期存在两类花岗岩,一类为重稀土元素(HREE)和Y强烈亏损(Sr/Y≥40.0,La/Yb≥40.0,Yb≤1.90μg/g,Y≤18.0μg/g,Sr≥400μg/g,Rb/Sr≤0.20,Rb/Ba≤0.08)的花岗岩,另一类为重稀土元素(HREE)和Y亏损不明显(Sr/Y＜40.0,La/Yb＜40.0,Rb/Sr＞0.20,Rb/Ba＞0.08)花岗岩(包括A型和一些I型花岗岩).重稀土元素(HREE)和Y强烈亏损的花岗岩存在两个亚类,一类富钠,与埃达克质岩石类似;另一类主要富钾,与富钾的高Ba-Sr的花岗岩类似.(2)大别山燕山期HREE和Y强烈亏损的花岗岩由增厚(＞40km)的下地壳物质熔融形成,其热源可能是同期底侵的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆.这些花岗岩的形成可能诱导下地壳拆沉作用的发生. 相似文献
27.
广东麒麟新生代玄武质角砾岩筒中岩石包体的研究 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
本文以广东麒麟玄武质角砾岩筒中的各种岩石包体为研究对象,通过详细的岩石学研究,按岩石类型将包体划分为四类：即橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩质麻粒岩、花岗岩和火山－沉积岩,并依据包体的岩石地球化学特征,讨论了它们的成因;其中辉长岩质麻粒岩是来自本区下地壳的样品,是由上地幔部分熔融产生的熔体“底侵”于地壳底部结晶,又经变质作用的产物。同时,本文结合实测的和计算的地球物理参数,讨论了该区的岩石圈分层。 相似文献
28.
中国东南部下地壳物质与花岗岩成因探索 总被引：46，自引：6，他引：40
在中国东南部中－新生代玄武质岩石中陆续找到了来自下地壳的辉长岩质麻粒岩／辉长岩深源捕掳体。本文着重研究了沿海地区广东麒麟新生代玄武质角砾岩筒中的辉长岩质麻粒岩捕掳体,并与内陆湖南道县早中生代玄武质角砾岩筒中的辉长岩、花岗片麻岩捕掳体作了比较。研究表明,辉长岩质麻粒岩是底侵作用形成的基性岩浆底垫于下地壳,并经变质作用的产物。底侵作用是重要的壳－幔作用过程,也是中国东南大陆边缘陆壳演化的重要过程。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年显示,中国东南大陆边缘底侵作用物质在地壳底部的结晶年龄约为１１２．３±１７．８Ｍａ,属晚中生代时期。此外,底侵作用在不同大地构造域的发育程度是不一致的,底侵作用发育强弱的标志是基性火山岩是否发育、壳幔型花岗岩是否广泛产出 相似文献
29.
陆壳垂向增生的两种方式：以大兴安岭为例 总被引：35，自引：13，他引：22
本文讨论了大兴安岭由于中生代底侵作用形成的两种类型的陆壳增生方式： １） 来自地壳底部壳幔混源岩浆房的花岗岩和火山岩对上部陆壳的增生, 岩浆的侵位和喷发集中在１４５～１１５ Ｍａ, 它们具明显的幔源岩石同位素特征, 如正的εＮｄ （ｔ）值（０～４）,低的８７Ｓｒ／８６ Ｓｒ 初始比值（０．７０４～０．７０８）等; ２）早中生代形成的镁铁－超镁铁质堆晶岩（２４１～２１４ Ｍａ）对下部陆壳的增生。 相似文献
30.
Late Paleozoic underplating in North Xinjiang: Evidence from shoshonites and adakites 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shoshonitic series volcanic rocks (SSVR) and adakites are widely distributed in the Permian terrestrial volcanic strata of the Yishijilike–Awulale range of west Tianshan, north Xinjiang, China. Isotopic dating yields Permian ages of 280–250 Ma. The SSVR include absarokite, shoshonite and banakite which are characterized by enrichment of alkalis, particularly in K, combined with lower Ti, higher Al (A/NKC = 0.70–0.99, metaluminous) and Fe2O3 > FeO. The SSVR that are rich in LILE with high REE contents and Eu/Eu range from 0.59 to 1.30. They are rich in LREE ((La/Yb)N 2.15–11.97) and depleted in Nb, Ta and Ti (TNT negative anomalies). The adakites are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/NKC = 0.85-1.16) and belong to the high-SiO2 type of adakite (HSA, SiO2 = 62%–71%). They are characterized by lower ΣREE with strong LREE enrichment ((La/Yb)N 13–35). Pronounced positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu = 1.02–1.27), very low Yb contents and distinct TNT-negative anomalies are evident. The SSVR have εNd(t) (+ 1.28 to + 4.92) and (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7041–0.7057) that are similar to adakites in the regions which are characterized by εNd(t) = 0.95 to + 5.69 and (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7050–0.7053. Trace element, REE and Sr/Nd isotopic compositions suggest that both SSVR and adakites possess similar source regions associated with underplated mantle-derived basaltic materials. Lithosphere extension driven by magmatic underplating was responsible for the generation of both the SSVR and adakites. This magmatism serves as a petrological indicator of underplating during the Permian. Obviously thickened crust (62–52 km), a complex Moho discontinuity, high heat flow (~ 100 mw·m− 2), widespread contemporary alkali-rich granites, basic dike swarms (K–Ar ages of 187–271 Ma, Ar–Ar ages of 174–270 Ma and Rb–Sr ages of 255 ± 28 Ma; εNd(t) + 1.84 to + 10.1; (87Sr/86Sr)i 0.7035 and 0.7065), and basic granulites (SHRIMP U–Pb age of 268–279 ± 5.6 Ma) provide additional evidences for the underplating event in this area during Permian. 相似文献