西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩的构造背景特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊发挥  杨经绥  李源  刘钊  郭国林  周文达  陈松永  李毅兵  徐向珍  牛晓露 《地球学报》2015,36(1):31-40

西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩。岩体的边界出露玄武岩和硅质岩等。地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1 m,走向北西,与岩体的构造线方向基本一致。各岩相岩石地球化学研究结果表明,东波蛇绿岩的岩相存在较大的差异,玄武岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,而地幔橄榄岩中辉石岩、辉长岩脉与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)相似,形成于洋中脊环境,并受后期俯冲流体作用的改造。东波岩体中二辉橄榄岩具有与深海地幔橄榄岩较一致的轻稀土亏损特征,而方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩的地球化学特征显示出岩体形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。东波蛇绿岩的岩石地球化学特征显示其洋中脊叠加洋岛的构造背景。  相似文献   

Geochemical and oxygen isotope signatures of mantle corundum megacrysts from the Mbuji-Mayi kimberlite,Democratic Republic of Congo,and the Changle alkali basalt,China     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2015,347(1):24-34

Oxygen isotope signatures of ruby and sapphire megacrysts, combined with trace-element analysis, from the Mbuji-Mayi kimberlite, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Changle alkali basalt, China, provide clues to specify their origin in the deep Earth. At Mbuji-Mayi, pink sapphires have δ¹⁸O values in the range 4.3 to 5.4‰ (N = 10) with a mean of 4.9 ± 0.4‰, and rubies from 5.5 to 5.6‰ (N = 3). The Ga/Mg ratio of pink sapphires is between 1.9 and 3.9, and in rubies, between 0.6 and 2.6. The blue or yellow sapphires from Changle have δ¹⁸O values from 4.6 to 5.2 ‰, with a mean of 4.9 ± 0.2‰ (N = 9). The Ga/Mg ratio is between 5.7 and 11.3. The homogenous isotopic composition of ruby suggests a derivation from upper mantle xenoliths (garnet lherzolite, pyroxenite) or metagabbros and/or lower crustal garnet clinopyroxenite eclogite-type xenoliths included in kimberlites. Data from the pink sapphires from Mbuji-Mayi suggest a mantle origin, but different probable protoliths: either subducted oceanic protolith transformed into eclogite with δ¹⁸O values buffered to the mantle value, or clinopyroxenite protoliths in peridotite. The Changle sapphires have a mantle O-isotope signature. They probably formed in syenitic magmas produced by low degree partial melting of a spinel lherzolite source. The kimberlite and the alkali basalt acted as gem conveyors from the upper mantle up to the surface.  相似文献   

The age,extent and geomorphological significance of the Sassafras basalt,south‐eastern New South Wales     

R. W. Young  Ian McDougall 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):323-331

Basalt at Sassafras was erupted in the Middle Eocene. The K‐Ar ages average 45.3 ± 4.9 Ma on whole rock and 48.4 ± 1.9 Ma on plagioclase. The basalt is not limited to a plateau capping, but extends 150 m down into adjacent valleys. Comparison with nearby Eocene basalts shows that there was in excess of 250 m of local relief in the central Shoalhaven valley by the Early Tertiary. The basalts were extruded at high elevation, and denudation of the coastal margin of the upland was already well advanced. Post‐basaltic denudation has been very slow, and the Early Tertiary landscape is well preserved.  相似文献   

南祁连党河南山中段科克巴斯陶玄武岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义     

王磊  李向民  胡兆国  杨超  郭令芬  闫海忠  葛瑞臣  计波 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(5):1069-1077

与柴北缘和北祁连相比,南祁连研究程度偏低,对其各个阶段的构造演化缺少精确时限。对分布于南祁连党河南山中段的科克巴斯陶玄武岩进行了岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,定年结果显示,该玄武岩成岩年龄为713±4.6Ma,为新元古代震旦纪。岩石地球化学分析表明,科克巴斯陶玄武岩SiO2含量为45.08%~49.81%,MgO为4.37%~6.67%,Na2O为2.95%~3.71%,K2O为0.28%~1.92%,TiO2为1.40%~2.01%,与拉斑玄武岩平均值相似。Nb/Y-SiO2图解显示科克巴斯陶玄武岩属亚碱性系列拉斑玄武岩。其ΣREE为(75.47~124.00)×10^-6,LREE/HREE为4.2~6.19。(La/Yb)N为3.67~6.18,(La/Sm)N为1.83~2.64,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线图呈轻稀土明显富集的右倾型。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,岩石以富集Sr、K、Rb、Ba为特征。岩石地球化学特征显示科克巴斯陶玄武岩岩浆为具OIB性质的地幔源区,其形成于板内洋岛构造环境。结合区域地层对比及锆石测年成果,将原划定的志留系巴龙贡嘎尔组进行了重新解体,由南至北,分别为志留系巴龙贡嘎尔组变砂岩段、新元古界震旦系天峻组火山岩段和中新元古界拐杖山组片岩段。  相似文献   

雷州半岛玛珥湖区玄武岩的年代、地球化学特征及其意义     

汪苗  鹿化煜 《第四纪研究》2019,39(5):1071-1082

我国南部雷州半岛是亚洲季风影响的核心区,区域内田洋、青桐洋和九斗洋这3个干玛珥湖沉积序列可为揭示低纬地区亚洲季风的轨道尺度变化提供关键证据。查明这些玛珥湖的形成年代、基底玄武岩的地球化学组成及其风化产物特征,为进一步获得沉积序列的年代控制、揭示沉积物替代指标的古气候意义提供了基础。本研究对3个干玛珥湖基底的玄武岩进行了K-Ar测年、地球化学成分和玛珥湖周围风化剖面粘土矿物的测试分析,得出了以下结论:1)田洋玛珥湖湖盆的形成年代为0.73~0.87Ma,首次报道的青桐洋和九斗洋湖盆的形成时代分别为0.82 Ma和0.81~1.08 Ma,它们均属于早更新世晚期到中更新世早期的石峁岭期火山射气喷发形成的。2)田洋、青桐洋和九斗洋玛珥湖基底玄武岩均属于石英拉斑玄武岩。同一时期喷发的石英拉斑玄武岩广泛分布在玛珥湖的周围,这些玄武岩风化的产物以高岭石、三水铝石以及赤铁矿为主,在降水较为充沛的时期,物理或化学风化的产物随地表径流汇入湖盆,是玛珥湖沉积的主要来源。本研究为正在进行的低纬地区更新世轨道尺度季风降水重建提供了基础。  相似文献   

盐津地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及成因分析     

马健飞  沙小保  刘建清  李佑国  何利 《矿物岩石》2019,39(2):25-33

峨眉山火成岩省东部盐津地区玄武岩的岩石地球化学分析结果表明,盐津玄武岩w(SiO2)为47.97%~52.33%,w(Na2O+K2O)为3.35%~6.57%,Ti/Y值为496.29~567.80,w(TiO2)为3.60%~4.14%,属于钙碱性高钛玄武岩(HT)。岩石LREE/HREE值为7.34~7.88,轻稀土元素富集,分馏程度高,总体亏损Ba,K,Sr,P。高场强元素Nb/U比值为26.39,Ce/Y-Sm/Y和Th/Nb-Ce/Nb等比值均呈明显正相关系,表明盐津地区峨眉山玄武岩受到了明显地壳混染作用。Nb-Nb/Y和La-La/Sm图解中样品投点呈倾斜直线,表明盐津玄武岩岩浆受分离结晶作用影响较弱,δEu值为0.86~0.93,CaO/Al2O3与Mg#无明显相关关系,以及镜下观察均表明仅有少量斜长石、单斜辉石的分离结晶。盐津玄武岩与盐源和越西等地高钛玄武岩地球化学特征相似,具地幔柱成因特征,岩浆可能起源于富集地幔。分配系数相近的强不相容元素Ce/Sm比值为25.50,La/Yb-Sm/Yb图解中样品靠近石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩区域,表明岩浆源区为石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。  相似文献   

吉林白山地区玄武岩中宝石矿床成矿特征     

陈景林  邢彩霞 《地质与资源》2011,20(4):255-257

白山市矿产资源丰富,宝石矿床种类繁多,具有十分重要的研究价值及经济意义.本文仅对碱性玄武岩中宝石矿床产出的构造背景及相关联的蓝宝石、橄榄石矿床的形成条件、特征及成矿规律进行探讨.  相似文献   

Phreatomagmatic volcanic hazards where rift-systems meet the sea, a study from Ambae Island, Vanuatu   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kroly Nmeth  Shane J. Cronin 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,180(2-4):246

Ambae Island is a mafic stratovolcano located in the northern Vanuatu volcanic arc and has a NE–SW rift-controlled elongated shape. Several hundred scoria cones and fissure-fed lava fields occur along its long axis. After many decades of quiescence, Ambae Island erupted on the 28th of November 2005, disrupting the lives of its 10,000 inhabitants. Its activity remained focused at the central (crater-lake filled) vent and this is where hazard-assessments were focused. These assessments initially neglected that maars, tephra cones and rings occur at each tip of the island where the eruptive activity occurred < 500 and < 300 yr B.P. The products of this explosive phreatomagmatic activity are located where the rift axis meets the sea. At the NE edge of the island five tephra rings occur, each comparable in size to those on the summit of Ambae. Along the NE coastline, a near-continuous cliff section exposes an up to 25 m thick succession of near-vent phreatomagmatic tephra units derived from closely spaced vents. This can be subdivided into two major lithofacies associations. The first association represents when the locus of explosions was below sea level and comprises matrix-supported, massive to weakly stratified beds of coarse ash and lapilli. These are dominant in the lowermost part of the sequence and commonly contain coral fragments, indicating that the loci of explosion were located within a reef or coral sediment near the syn-eruptive shoreline. The second type indicate more stable vent conditions and rapidly repeating explosions of high intensity, producing fine-grained tephra with undulatory bedding and cross-lamination as well as megaripple bedforms. These surge and fall beds are more common in the uppermost part of the succession and form a few-m-thick pile. An older tephra succession of similar character occurs below, and buried trees in growth position, as well as those flattened within base surge beds. This implies that the centre of this eruption was very near the coastline. The processes implied by these deposits are amongst the most violent forms of volcanism on this island. In addition, the lowland and coastal areas affected by these events are the most heavily populated. This circumstance is mirrored on many similar volcanic islands, including the nearby SW Pacific examples of Taveuni (Fiji), Upolu and Savai'i (Samoa), and Ambrym (Vanuatu). These locations are paradoxically often considered safe areas during summit/central-vent eruptions, simply because they are farthest from the central sources of ash-fall and lahar hazard. The observations presented here necessitate a revision of this view.  相似文献   

冲击荷载下玄武岩纤维水泥土吸能及分形特征     

马芹永  高常辉 《岩土力学》2018,39(11):3921-3928

为研究玄武岩纤维对水泥土冲击破坏过程中能量吸收及碎块块度分布特征的影响,采用Φ50 mm变截面霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,简称SHPB）试验装置对不同玄武岩纤维掺量的水泥土进行了冲击压缩和动态劈裂试验,分析了冲击荷载作用下玄武岩纤维掺量与水泥土吸收能、破坏形态和分形维数 的关系,试验结果表明：随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,水泥土吸收能呈先增大后减小的趋势,超过最佳掺量后,由于纤维-纤维薄弱面的存在,水泥土吸收能减少;冲击破坏后水泥土破碎块度分布是具有统计意义上的分形,冲击压缩试验中水泥土破碎块度平均粒径随玄武岩纤维掺量的增加而不断增大,对应的 值总体上呈现不断减小的趋势;在动态劈裂试验中,玄武岩纤维掺量在0～2.0%范围内,水泥土破碎块度平均粒径呈现上升趋势, 值不断减小,玄武岩纤维掺量超过2.0%后,平均粒径有所降低,对应 值增大。玄武岩纤维水泥土吸收能和 值之间有着密切的联系,冲击压缩试验中,吸收能在分形维数为2.20～2.26范围内呈先增大后减小的趋势,而在动态劈裂试验中,吸收能在分形维数为1.85～2.20范围内总体呈现下降趋势,两者具有一定的负相关性;合适掺量的玄武岩纤维对水泥土动态特性起着积极作用,通过试验得出玄武岩纤维的合适掺量为1.5%～2.0%。  相似文献   

饶河杂岩中枕状玄武岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义     

曾振  孙雷  张兴洲  崔维龙  蒋力 《地质与资源》2019,28(2):119-127

那丹哈达增生杂岩为中国东部古太平洋板块俯冲最为可靠的地质记录之一,对限定古大洋板块的西向俯冲具有重要的理论意义.饶河杂岩位于那丹哈达增生杂岩的核心位置,发育典型的增生杂岩组合,其中玄武岩类多呈构造透镜体状产出于超镁铁质-镁铁质杂岩带,变形轻微,没有遭受变质.对饶河杂岩中枕状玄武岩样品进行的同位素年代学和地球化学研究结果表明：饶河杂岩中枕状玄武岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为中侏罗世（168±2 Ma）,枕状玄武岩大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr亏损,高场强元素Nb、Ta富集,Th元素丰度较高,形成于洋岛（OIB型）环境.饶河杂岩中枕状玄武岩的形成时代和成因环境,对于该区侏罗纪时期构造动力学背景研究具有意义.  相似文献