网络大数据下的中国现代食甜习惯空间分布特征及其影响因素研究     

姚可桢  岳书平 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1202-1215

饮食地理文化作为地域文化中最具地方特色的重要元素,在现代人口大规模流动背景下呈现出全新的多样化局面,而基于传统认知的“南甜北咸”的地域分异已然不能代表中国现代食甜分布的空间特征。因此,本文采用网络爬虫技术,获取我国大陆31个省会城市共计约2000万条美食消费数据,从传统类菜品、主食类菜品、饮料类和甜品类菜品4个方面计算城市食甜度,在ArcGIS、MySQL软件支持下,借助GIS空间分析和数理统计方法探究我国现代食甜习惯的空间分布特征,分析影响食甜分布的因素。研究发现：① 中国食甜在空间分布上存在显著的地域分异特征,聚类分析评价参数R ²高达0.88,现代食甜习惯总体呈现“东高北中,西微内低”的包围式格局;② 从整体抑或局部角度,在1%显著性水平上莫兰指数均为正,中国食甜分布呈现显著的空间正相关关系,形成特色鲜明的3个地理集聚区,即以苏浙沪闽为主的东南沿海高甜集聚区,以渝黔川为主的西南内陆低甜集聚区和以陕宁为主的西北内陆低甜集聚区;③ 构建了中国现代食甜习惯分布影响因素模型,其拟合精度为0.82,分析结果显示降水、湿度、气温等气象要素及地理位置是影响现代我国食甜空间分布的重要因素。  相似文献   

Potential food deserts and food oases in a post-communist city: Access,quality, variability and price of food in Bratislava-Petržalka     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Delimitation tools and definitions of food deserts have not been internationally unified so far. Such comprehension ambiguity may lead to variability in research methods as well as to terminology mismatch in the research. In general, assessment of accessibility of selected (large-scale) food stores network in a region is considered as a suitable tool to identify the food deserts, but this is certainly not the only approach. In our paper some other approaches (such as measuring quality, variability and food price) are assessed together with supermarkets and hypermarkets accessibility examination. Results gained by analyses based on various methodological approaches are then compared and confronted, which simultaneously allows us to compare the individual approaches. For our case study purposes, the largest housing estate in Slovakia's capital city was selected.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the “fishing down marine food web” process in the north-west of Persian Gulf(Khuzestan Province) during the period of 2002–2011     

MASHJOOR Sakineh  KAMRANI Ehsan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(10):103-110

The worldwide increase in commercial fisheries and its impact on ecosystems as well as inefficient fishery management have led to overfishing and frequent breakdown of traditional fish stocks.In this context,an analysis of Khuzestan inshore fisheries data covering the years 2002–2011,was conducted in reliance on testing for occurrence of the fishing down marine food webs(FDMFW) phenomenon in the North of Persian Gulf Large Marine Ecosystem(LME).In this study,the mean trophic level(m TL) and the fishing-in-balance(FIB)-index of Khuzestan landings during this period of time were estimated using the trophic level of 47 fishery resources.Increase in total landings(Y) was observed,which explained the high fishing yield in major fishery resources(especially demersal).Moreover,the moderates decreasing trend in m TL per decade,and the increasing trend in FIB-index were observed.The status of fishery resources in Khuzestan inshore waters(under exploited but not overexploited),the rise in Y,FIB and slightly drop in m TL can be considered as indirect indicators of the fishing impacts on the trophic structure of marine communities.Based on this result,probability occurrence of FDMFW process in Khuzestan inshore waters is low to some extent.However,we suggest that the goal of management programs in Khuzestan inshore waters should prevent the continuance of this trend in the long-term using an ecosystem-based approach.  相似文献   

Economy,culture and environment: perspectives on the Australian food industry     

Robert Fagan 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(1):1-10

Intersections between economy, culture and environment pose exciting future challenges for human geography. Part of Griffith Taylor's pioneering role as a geographer was to investigate relationships between these three aspects of human life, although his agenda was that of environmental determinism. This paper considers these intersections as they relate to contemporary geographical studies of restructuring, in particular the emergence of a genuinely global economic system since about 1980. Recent developments in cultural geography argue that geographical analysis of restructuring has been dominated by an economic determinism which has buried other stories which could be told about industrial change. The paper sketches lines of possible dialogue between economic geography and cultural studies, illustrating the argument with examples from restructuring in the Australian food industry. In opening such a dialogue, economic geography would be better placed to return to interactions between economy, culture and environment. In his day, Taylor was not afraid to upset the conventional wisdom about these relationships and this may be one of his most enduring legacies.  相似文献   

中国食物安全基础的定量评估   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

傅泽强  蔡运龙  杨友孝 《地理研究》2001,20(5):555-563

食物安全水平受粮食生产和供给能力、食物结构的多样化以及居民的收入水平或获取维持生命所需食物的能力等因素共同作用和影响。本文从食物安全的内涵出发,依据评价指标选取原则,选定了与食物安全密切相关的评价指标,包括粮食自给率、食物消费水平及居民消费水平等,构建了食物安全可持续性综合指数模型,计算了1950～1998年我国食物安全可持续性综合指数,对我国食物安全可持续状况进行了单因子和多因子综合评价。结果表明:在50年代我国处于食物基本安全状态,60～70年代处于食物不安全状态,80年代初期及至90年代已进入食物安全阶段。从60年代开始食物安全水平逐年提高,80年代以来进入持续良性发展阶段。  相似文献   

COUNTING FARMERS MARKETS     

ALLISON BROWN 《Geographical review》2001,91(4):655-674

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Diel changes in the feeding behaviour of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Ellidavatn, a small lake in southwest Iceland     

Bjrn Bjrnsson 《Limnologica》2001,31(4):281-288

In the lake Ellidavatn, southwest Iceland, the diel activity of Arctic char and brown trout was studied in autumn (September) and spring (April) by removing the fish from gillnets every 3 hours for three days. Additional fish samples, evening and morning, were taken at other times of the year. The catch per unit effort was about 10 times higher during the nighttime than daytime for both char and trout. The median weight of char was lowest near the middle of night (80 g) and highest near the middle of day (140 g). The median weight of trout was also lowest near the middle of night (110 g) and highest near the middle of day (330 g). The main diet of char consisted of the cladoceran Eurycercus lamellatus in September and chironomid larvae in April and the main diet of trout was always sticklebacks. In autumn and spring, the feeding was nocturnal in the char but crepuscular in the trout. The median stomach content of char was highest at dawn (0.52% of body weight) and lowest at dusk (0.14% of body weight). It is proposed that nocturnal char shift through the bottom substrate in search for prey. The median stomach content of trout was highest at 09.00–18.00 and 24.00–03.00 hours (0.13–0.18% of body weight) and lowest at 03.00–06.00 and 18.00–21.00 hours (0.02–0.07% of body weight). Different feeding times may help to secure mutual coexistence of char and trout in a small lake. In autumn and spring, the average daily consumption of char was about 0.8% of body weight, less than half their maximum food intake.  相似文献   

南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥食性研究          下载免费PDF全文

王自磐 《极地研究》1992,4(1):1-16

对东南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥巢区和无巢贼鸥群栖地的贼鸥回吐渣团及其他食物残物进行收集、分析和鉴定 ,结果表明 ,本区麦氏贼鸥主要捕食雪　 ,其残物在食物项中的平均出现率为 6 7～ 80 %;同时贼鸥从本区几个考察站觅取人类遗弃的垃圾食物作为其重要的食物补充 ,垃圾食物的平均出现率为 6 .8～ 1 1 .6 %。不同巢区贼鸥对雪　的捕杀量和垃圾的需求差异较大 ,其主要与营巢地域的雪　分布密度以及摄食区的占有与否有关。  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of global crop water productivity of three leading world crops (wheat,corn, and rice) in the irrigated areas over three decades     

Daniel J. Foley  Itiya P. Aneece  Pardhasaradhi G. Teluguntla  Adam J. Oliphant 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(8):939-975

ABSTRACT

The overarching goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of irrigated agricultural Crop Water Productivity (CWP) of the world’s three leading crops: wheat, corn, and rice based on three decades of remote sensing and non-remote sensing-based studies. Overall, CWP data from 148 crop growing study sites (60 wheat, 43 corn, and 45 rice) spread across the world were gathered from published articles spanning 31 different countries. There was overwhelming evidence of a significant increase in CWP with an increase in latitude for predominately northern hemisphere datasets. For example, corn grown in latitude 40–50° had much higher mean CWP (2.45?kg/m³) compared to mean CWP of corn grown in other latitudes such as 30–40° (1.67?kg/m³) or 20–30° (0.94?kg/m³). The same trend existed for wheat and rice as well. For soils, none of the CWP values, for any of the three crops, were statistically different. However, mean CWP in higher latitudes for the same soil was significantly higher than the mean CWP for the same soil in lower latitudes. This applied for all three crops studied. For wheat, the global CWP categories were low (≤0.75?kg/m³), medium (>0.75 to <1.10?kg/m³), and high CWP (≥1.10?kg/m³). For corn the global CWP categories were low (≤1.25?kg/m³), medium (>1.25 to ≤1.75?kg/m³), and high (>1.75?kg/m³). For rice the global CWP categories were low (≤0.70?kg/m³), medium (>0.70 to ≤1.25?kg/m³), and high (>1.25?kg/m³). USA and China are the only two countries that have consistently high CWP for wheat, corn, and rice. Australia and India have medium CWP for wheat and rice. India’s corn, however, has low CWP. Egypt, Turkey, Netherlands, Mexico, and Israel have high CWP for wheat. Romania, Argentina, and Hungary have high CWP for corn, and Philippines has high CWP for rice. All other countries have either low or medium CWP for all three crops. Based on data in this study, the highest consumers of water for crop production also have the most potential for water savings. These countries are USA, India, and China for wheat; USA, China, and Brazil for corn; India, China, and Pakistan for rice. For example, even just a 10% increase in CWP of wheat grown in India can save 6974 billion liters of water. This is equivalent to creating 6974 lakes each of 100?m³ in volume that leads to many benefits such as acting as ‘water banks’ for lean season, recreation, and numerous ecological services. This study establishes the volume of water that can be saved for each crop in each country when there is an increase in CWP by 10%, 20%, and 30%.  相似文献   

Differences in animal ¹³C, ¹⁵N and D abundance between a polluted and an unpolluted coastal site: Likely indicators of sewage uptake by a marine food web     

G.H. Rau  R.E. Sweeney  I.R. Kaplan  A.J. Mearns  D.R. Young 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(6):701-707

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