东南极洲中山站附近1年生海冰的发育和结构特征及其对生物群落的影响     

何剑锋  陈波 《冰川冻土》1998,20(4):358-367

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我国极地海底观测系统的发展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何剑锋  张芳  林凌 《地球科学进展》2013,28(5):566-571

极地海洋特殊环境对观测技术提出了更高的要求.随着海底观测技术的日趋成熟,极地海底观测系统也得到了一定的发展,但后勤保障的高要求制约了系统的发展,目前广泛使用的仍是潜标系统.受国家高技术研究发展计划、国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目和南北极环境综合考察与评估专项等支持,我国发展了极地在线近岸海洋环境监测系统、极地潜标和极地大型海—气耦合浮标等海床基观测系统,对我国的极地海洋学观测与研究做出了积极贡献.但总体而言,我国的极地海底观测仍未形成真正意义上的网络体系.未来有望在北冰洋太平洋扇区和南大洋普里兹湾率先建立海床基观测体系,系统观测并揭示该海域的环境变化特性.  相似文献   

我国极地科考事业发展与第26次南极科考成果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴荣荣  何剑锋  王建国 《上海国土资源》2010,31(3):83-90

我国极地科考事业走过了26年光辉历程,实现了跨越式发展,取得了大量具有国际领先水平的极地考察与研究成果,在国际极地事务中发挥着越来越重要的作用,有效争取和维护了我国在极地领域的权益。中国第26次南极科考自2009年10月11日启程,于2010年4月10日凯旋回沪,＂雪龙号＂极地科考船载249名队员,历时182天,圆满完成了59项科学调查与21项后勤保障任务,为国际极地年和中国行动计划提交了出色答卷。  相似文献   

The progress in the study of Arctic pack ice ecology     

何剑锋  王桂忠  蔡明红  李少菁 《极地研究(英文版)》2004,15(1):55-65

The sea ice community plays an important role in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Because of the predicted environmental changes in the Arctic environment and specifically related to sea ice, the Arctic pack ice biota has received more attention in recent years using modem ice-breaking research vessels. Studies show that the Arctic pack ice contains a diverse biota and besides ice algae, the bacterial and protozoan biomasses can be high. Surprisingly high primary production values were observed in the pack ice of the central Arctic Ocean. Occasionally biomass maximum were discovered in the interior of the ice floes, a habitat that had been ignored in most Arctic studies. Many scientific questions, which deserve special attention, remained unsolved due to logistic limitations and the sea ice characteristics. Little is know about the pack ice community in the central Arctic Ocean. Almost no data exists from the pack ice zone for the winter season. Concerning the abundance of bacteria and protozoa, more studies are needed to understand the microbial network within the ice and its role in material and energy flows. The response of the sea ice biota to global change will impact the entire Arctic marine ecosystem and a long-term monitoring program is needed. The techniques, that are applied to study the sea ice biota and the sea ice ecology, should be improved.  相似文献   

基于极地近岸海洋环境监测系统的南极长城湾生态环境变化初析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何剑锋  张芳  蔡明红  崔世开  杨海真  王项南 《极地研究》2011,23(4):269-274

利用中国首次在南极长城湾海域布放的极地近岸海洋环境监测系统,以2010年12月13日至2011年3月22日期间获得的监测数据为例,对该海域基本环境参数和叶绿素α含量变化进行了初步分析.结果表明,温度变化在12月至1月中旬呈明显上升趋势,之后存在一定的波动;而受夏季陆地淡水输入的影响,盐度的总体变化呈波动下降趋势.观测期...  相似文献   

Abundance, biomass and composition of spring ice algal and phytoplankton communities of the Laptev Sea （Arctic）     

郑淑娴  何剑锋  王桂忠  李少菁 《极地研究(英文版)》2005,16(2):70-80

Abundance,biomass and composition of the ice algal and phytoplank-ton communities were investigated in the southeastern Laptev Sea in spring 1999.Diatoms dominated the algal communities and pennate diatoms dominated the dia-tom population.12 dominant algal species occurred within sea ice and underlyingwater column,including Fragilariopsis oceanica,F.cylindrus,Nitzschiafrigida,N.promare,Achnanthes taeniata,Nitzschia neofrigida,Naviculapelagica,N.vanhoef fenii,N.septentrionalis,Melosira arctica,Clindrothecaclosterium and Pyrarnimonas sp.The algal abundance of bottom 10 cm sea icevaried between 14.6 and 1562.2×10~4 ceils l~(-1)with an average of 639.0×10~4cells l~(-1),and the algal biomass ranged from 7.89 to 2093.5μg C l~(-1)with an av-erage of 886.9μg C l~(-1),which were generally one order of magnitude higherthan those of sub-bottom ice and two orders of magnitude higher than those ofunderlying surface water.The integrated algal abundance and biomass of lower-most 20 cm ice column were averagely 7.7 and 12.2 times as those of upper 20 mwater column,respectively,suggesting that the ice algae might play an importantrole in maintaining the coastal marine ecosystem before the thawing of sea ice.Icealgae influenced the phytoplankton community of the underlying water column.However,the“seeding”of ice algae for phytoplankton bloom was negligible be-cause of the iow phytoplankton biomass within the underlying water column.  相似文献   

南极中山站近岸海冰生态学研究Ⅰ．1992年冰藻生物量的垂直分布及季节变化          下载免费PDF全文

何剑锋  陈波 《极地研究》1995,7(4):56-67

从１９９２年４月至１２月对东南极中山站近岸当年冰生物量及其环境因子进行了观测。冰底有色层出现在４月下旬和１１月下旬，集中于冰底２～３ｃｍ，叶绿素ａ最高含量分别为８８．３ｍｇ／ｍ３和２８１０ｍｇ／ｍ３，相应的冰藻数量分别为３．５×１０６和１．２１×１０８个／升。柱总叶绿素ａ含量的季节性变化极为显著，尤其是以春季的大幅度快速增值为特征，变化范围为１．１７～５９．７ｍｇ／ｍ２，冰藻生物量主要分布在冰底，冬季期间则集中在冰底或冰的中上层。藻类优势种较为单一，秋季优势种为Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ、Ｎ．ｂａｒｋｌｅｙｉ和Ｎ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｕｓ；春季优势种为Ａｍｐｈｉｐｒｏｒａｋｊｅｌｍａｎｉ，Ｂｅｒｋｅｌｅｙａｒｕｔｉｌａｎｓ和Ｎ．ｌｅｃｏｉｎｔｅｉ。中山站近岸冰藻生物量的垂直分布和季节变化以及春季优势种的组成与东南极其它固冰区具有较强的相似性，与亚南极固冰区差异较大。  相似文献   

快速升温后极地甲藻Polarella glacialis的生理响应          下载免费PDF全文

郑淑娴  何剑锋  王桂忠  林森杰  张芳 《极地研究》2013,25(1):61-70

Polarella glacialis最早发现于南极固定冰和北冰洋水层,最近在温带海域也发现其相关基因。专抗甲藻的Rubisco、PCNA抗体在该藻细胞内各检测到~53 kDa和~55 kDa的特异性条带。对该藻的梯度温度培养实验显示,4℃生长的P. glacialis细胞密度为1.1×105 cells/ml时仍能继续增殖,一天中藻细胞内Rubisco的表达量基本保持恒定,PCNA的表达量峰值与%S峰值相对应,当温度迅速上升至15、20℃时,藻株处于胁迫状态,细胞密度迅速减少,正常的细胞周期被干扰,大多数细胞分裂活动不活跃或停止分裂,Rubisco、PCNA的表达量大幅减少甚至消失,昼夜表达特征改变,其中20℃对藻株的胁迫作用更加显著。15℃培养下的P. glacialis细胞密度并不立即减少,细胞周期与两种指示蛋白表达特征显示仍有部分细胞完成分裂。本研究为该藻的相关基因在温带水域的出现提供了可能的解释,并推测在相对长期渐进的极地增温过程中,P. glacialis可能继续存在。  相似文献   

利用两种活体荧光技术分析北极微藻对光照变化的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王肖颖何剑锋  光应芝李娟英 张芳 《极地研究》2013,25(3):257-267

采用调制叶绿素荧光技术（脉冲-振幅-调制：Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation,简称为PAM技术）和荧光光谱两种技术研究不同光照下的两种北极微藻（北极异帽藻（Heterocapsa arctica）和红胞藻（Rhodomonas sp.）的荧光特性,发现（1）两种藻在三个不同光照水平下（5 000 lux、15 000 lux、25 000 lux）光合生理变化特征相似：随着光照强度增加,光量子产量越低,光合效率越低;在15 000 lux和25 000 lux两个较强光照条件下,最大光合电子传递速率（rETRmax）没有提高,且捕光能力下降;25 000 lux光照强度下,均处于胁迫状态,但对强光的耐受能力增强;（2）两种藻在15 000 lux条件下Chl a荧光强度最高,25 000 lux条件下的Chl a荧光强度都显著降低,受到不同程度的光损伤;类胡萝卜素和多甲藻素是维持北极异帽藻15 000 lux下种群生存的有效色素;藻胆素和Chl c则分别为维持红胞藻5 000 lux和15 000 lux条件下的种群的生存起了积极作用。  相似文献   

影响北欧海和楚科奇海夏季细菌丰度和生产力的因素   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高源  何剑锋  陈敏  林凌  张芳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):153-162

Abundance and production of bacterioplankton were measured in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea during the5 th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2012.The results showed that average bacterial abundances ranged from 3.31×10~(11) cells/m~3 to 2.25× 10~(11)cells/m~3,and average bacterial productions(calculated by carbon)were 0.46 mg/(m~3·d) and 0.54 mg/(m~3·d) in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,respectively.T-test result showed that bacterial abundances were significantly different between the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,however,no significant difference was observed regarding bacterial productions.Based on the slope of lg bacterial biomass versus lg bacterial production,bacterial communities in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea were moderately dominated by bottom-up control.Both Pearson correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression indicated that temperature had significant positive correlation with bacterial abundance in the Chukchi Sea,while no correlations with productions in both areas.Meanwhile,Chl a had positive correlations with both bacterial abundance and production in these two regions.As the temperature and Chl a keep changing in the future,we suggest that both bacterial abundance and production been hanced in the Chukchi Sea but weaken in the Nordic seas,though the enhancement will not be dramatic as a result of higher pressure of predation and viral lysis.  相似文献