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The simulation characteristics of the seasonal evolution of subtropical anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere are documented for the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Systemmodel, Spectral Version 2 (FGOALS-s2), developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics. An understanding of the seasonal evolution of the subtropical anticyclones is also addressed. Compared with the global analysis established by the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts, the ERA-40 global reanalysis data, the general features of subtropical anticyclones and their evolution are simulated well in both winter and summer, while in spring a pronounced bias in the generation of the South Asia Anticyclone(SAA) exists. Its main deviation in geopotential height from the reanalysis is consistent with the bias of temperature in the troposphere. It is found that condensation heating (CO) plays a dominant role in the seasonal development of the SAA and the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific (SAWP) in the middle troposphere. The CO biases in the model account for the biases in the establishment of the SAA in spring and the weaker strength of the SAA and the SAWP from spring to summer. CO is persistently overestimated in the central-east tropical Pacific from winter to summer, while it is underestimated over the area from the South China Sea to the western Pacific from spring to summer. Such biases generate an illusive anticyclonic gyre in the upper troposphere above the middle Pacific and delay the generation of the SAA over South Asia in April. In midsummer, the simulated SAA is located farther north than in the ERA-40 data owing to excessively strong surface sensible heating (SE) to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. Whereas, the two surface subtropical anticyclones in the eastern oceans during spring to summer are controlled mainly by the surface SE over the two continents in the Northern Hemisphere, which are simulated reasonably well, albeit with their centers shifted westwards owing to the weaker longwave radiation cooling in the simulation associated with much weaker local stratiform cloud. Further improvements in the related parameterization of physical processes are therefore identified. 相似文献
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Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been shown to be essential for the East Asian summer monsoon. In this paper, we demonstrate that tropical cyclone (TC) 04B (1999) in the northern Indian Ocean, which made landfall during the autumn of 1999, may have contributed to climate anomalies over East Asia during the following spring and summer by increasing snow cover on the TP. Observations indicate that snow cover on the TP increased markedly after TC 04B (1999) made landfall in October of 1999. Sensitivity experiments, in which the TC was removed from a numerical model simulation of the initial field, verified that TC 04B (1999) affected the distribution as well as increased the amount of snow on the TP. In addition, the short-term numerical modeling of the climate over the region showed that the positive snow cover anomaly induced negative surface temperature, negative sensible heat flux, positive latent heat flux, and positive soil temperature anomalies over the central and southern TP during the following spring and summer. These climate anomalies over the TP were associated with positive (negative) summer precipitation anomalies over the Yangtze River valley (along the southeastern coast of China). 相似文献
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7月青藏高原大气热源空间型及其与东亚大气环流和降水的相关研究 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
对1958～1999年的7月份NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中青藏高原区域大气热源强度(整层气柱的总非绝热加热率)做旋转经验正交函数分析,结果表明该区域内大气热源强度的空间分布特征复杂,各地差异显著。前4个REOF型的加热中心位于高原东北部、高原西南部、克什米尔地区以及高原东南部地区上空。小波分析还表明各空间型都有2～4a的变化周期。文中计算了前4个RPC与东亚中、低空纬向风(U)、经向风(V)、纬向水汽通量(Q_u)、经向水汽通量(Q_v)的相关系数,并用这些相关系数构造矢量,进而分析其流场和水汽通量散度场,发现高原不同区域的大气加热异常所对应的东亚大气环流形势及降水也大不相同,由此表明,在研究高原加热对中国气候的影响时,应注意加热的空间分布特征。 相似文献
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4~6月青藏高原热状况与盛夏东亚降水和大气环流的异常 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
基于月平均NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中国测站降水资料, 使用旋转经验正交展开(REOF)方法分析了1958~1999年4~6月青藏高原区域感热加热与7月东亚降水和大气环流异常的关系. 结果表明4~6月期间高原是一个单独的热源, 其感热加热性质与周边地区完全不同. 5月感热加热的第一旋转主成分(RPC1)与7月东亚地区降水场滞后相关的结果表明: 当前期高原主体部分感热加热偏强时, 7月高原及高原南侧、东南侧四川盆地、云贵高原及江淮地区降水明显偏多, 高原北侧、东北侧和高原西侧降水明显偏少, 而且降水场与流场、水汽通量场有很好的配置关系. 进一步的分析指出, 上述相关关系可用热力适应理论和大尺度准定常正压涡度方程予以解释. 因此4~6月高原感热加热可以作为东亚地区、尤其是中国江淮等地7月降水形势的预报因子. 相似文献
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基于湿位涡(MPV)诊断分析和倾斜涡度发展(SVD)理论,研究了2007年11月一次孟加拉湾热带风暴北上造成青藏高原暴雪的天气事件。结果表明:热带风暴螺旋云系移动至高原东南部受陡峭地形抬升与高层北侧下滑的干冷空气(MPV1正值带)相交汇是导致这次天气过程的重要原因。由于等熵面密集且明显倾斜,在降雪区上空附近大气弱稳定区,负的MPV2对总湿位涡MPV的贡献超过了MPV1,SVD得到较大增长,同时使得MPV0,导致条件性对称不稳定的产生,有利于倾斜涡度的发展。条件性对称不稳定机制是这次暴雪发生、发展的一种可能的重要机制。 相似文献
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基于1961年3月至2002年2月间青藏高原地区64个台站的地面气温观测资料和ERA40再分析数据集,研究了青藏高原上空气温的年际变率及其与大尺度环流的关系。结果表明除夏季外,高原地面气温与整个北半球副热带、极地对流层的温度和位势高度有显著的同位相变化关系,而与中高纬度对流层有显著的反位相变化关系。其中北半球副热带还有5个分别位于青藏高原、西太平洋、北美西部、大西洋中部、北非到阿拉伯半岛的活动中心。这3条环状活动带和5个副热带活动中心共同组成了一种北半球大气环状波动模,其纬向特征为异常偏强的中纬度西风气流以及热带和高纬度东风气流,并伴有中纬度大气长波槽脊的减弱;经向基本特征为异常偏强的Hadley和Ferrel环流以及副热带下沉气流和中纬度上升气流,垂直方向呈相当正压结构。当这种环状波动模处于正位相时,异常增强的绝热下沉增温效应和减弱的冷空气活动共同使得高原上空对流层中、低层气温异常偏暖。 相似文献
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全球热带海表温度异常的主振荡型分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
用主振荡型分析方法对全球热带海表温度异常进行了研究,得到了传播型和驻波型的几种曲型模态,指出ＥｌＮｉｎｏ／ＬａＮｉｎａ现象与这几种典型模态的组合有关,最显著的两个典型模态周期分别为准４ａ和２ａ,周期相近的振荡还具有不同的空间型态,热带印度洋与太平洋４个Ｎｉｎｏ海区ＳＳＴＡ呈同位相的关系。 相似文献
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应用NOAA气候预测中心提供的热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)客观业务指数及中国气象局上海台风研究所提供的西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)最佳路径资料集,定量统计榆验了MJO对夏季西北太平洋TC活动的调制作用.结果表明:MJO对TC的生成、强度、路径和登陆活动都有显著的调节作用.当高空辐合中心位于120°E～160°E(MJO位相3～5)时,西北太平洋TC生成偏少,且生成位置偏北;而当高空辐合中心位于10°W～70°E(MJO位相8～10)时,西北太平洋TC生成偏多,且生成位置偏南;随着TC强度加强,能达到显著调节作用的MJO位相逐渐减少,当高空辐合辐散中心位于70°E(MJO位相10)时,对TC强度调制最显著.在路径调节方面,MJO位相1～4和10时,TC活跃于菲律宾以东的西北太平洋上,主要路径为西北偏北行,可能登陆华东、华北;而位相5～8时,TC主要活跃在菲律宾附近及以西到南海,以偏西行路径为主,可能登陆华南.MJO对登陆华南TC也有显著影响.该定量统计检验结果可为TC活动季节内预测提供依据. 相似文献
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