环境内分泌干扰物诱导鱼类产生卵黄原蛋白的研究进展     

蔡文婷  汝少国 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(3)

目前已经被确认的环境内分泌干扰物达100余种,其中能够诱导鱼类产生卵黄原蛋白(Vitellogenin, VTG)的环境内分泌干扰物包括农药、多氯联苯类化合物、邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物等几大类.由于环境内分泌干扰物结构的复杂性,其诱导机制成为近年研究的热点.本文综述了能够诱导鱼类产生VTG的环境内分泌干扰物的种类、筛选方法及作用机制.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary genistein on GH/IGF-I axis of Nile tilapia <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>     

陈栋  王蔚  汝少国 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(5):1004-1012

There is considerable concern that isoflavones, such as genistein in fish feed composed of soybean protein, aff ects somatic growth in fish. Our previous works demonstrated that 30 and 300 μg/g dietary genistein had no significant eff ect on growth performance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), but the higher level of genistein (3 000 μg/g) significantly depressed growth. This study was conducted to further examine the eff ects of dietary genistein on the endocrine disruption on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I (GH/IGF-I) axis in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Juvenile fish were fed by hand twice daily to satiation with one of four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, each containing either 0, 30, 300 or 3 000 μg/g genistein. Following an 8-week feeding period, plasma GH and IGF-I levels were investigated by radioimmunoassay and gene expression levels of gh, ghrelin, gnrhs, ghr, npy, npyrs, pacap, ghrs, igf-I, igf-Ir, and igfbp3 were examined by real-time PCR. The results show that no significant change in plasma GH and IGF-I levels in fish fed with diets containing 30 μg/g and 300 μg/g genistein. mRNA expression of genes along the GH/IGF-I axis remained unaff ected, except for igf-Ir, which was stimulated by the 300 μg/g genistein diet. While in fish fed the 3 000 μg/g genistein diet, the plasma GH and IGF-I levels decreased, and mRNA expression of gh, ghr2, npyr1, igf-I, and igf-Ir were also significantly depressed. In contrast, npy and igfbp3 mRNA expression were enhanced. This study provides convincing evidence for growth impediment by genistein by disturbing the GH/IGF-I axis in Nile tilapia O. niloticus.  相似文献   

蔬菜农药残留GC-MS分析方法改进与基质效应探讨   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

赵海峰  王建华  邴欣  汝少国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(1):76-80

改进了国家标准GB/T5009.20-2003和农业部标准NY/T761-2004中的2种样品前处理方法,适用于GC-MS多农药残留检测,并探讨了基质效应的影响。使用GC-MS-SIM检测,做到了快速准确地检测多种农药残留、排除假阳性;采用基质标准结合单点校正进行定量分析,解决了保留时间的漂移,基质增强效应和个别有机磷农药拖尾的问题。建议使用农业部标准的改进方法进行多种农药的检测,而在甲胺磷或乙酰甲胺磷的单项检测中使用国标改进方法。采用2次脱水的国标改进方法,加标回收率在70%~105%;采用丙酮 正己烷混合溶剂溶样的农业部标准改进方法,加标回收率在90%~105%(甲胺磷和乙酰甲胺磷在65%左右),2种方法的相对标准偏差均在15%以内。  相似文献   

中国对虾（Penaeuschinensis）核包涵体型杆状病毒装配的电镜观察     

姜明  汝少国 《海洋湖沼通报》1996,(4):49-54

９４－９５斫养殖对虾病毒爆发流行期间，对患病中国对虾肝胰上皮细胞和胃肌细胞进行了电镜检测，发现一种核包涵体型杆状病毒（１４０－１６０ｎｍ×２８０－３３０ｎｍ），对其装配机质的超微结构研究表明，核包涵 体型杆状病毒以核内装配为主，部分病毒基质转入胞质进行了装配。  相似文献   

久效磷对真鲷鳃、肝和肾细胞超微结构的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

邴欣  汝少国  姜明  魏渲辉  李永祺 《海洋科学》2002,26(9):42-45

0.5mg/L的久效磷处理真鲷4d和10d后，利用电子显微镜观察真鲷鳃氯细胞，肝细胞和肾小管细胞的超微结构变化。结果表明；鳃氯细胞微小管严重水肿；肝细胞核膜水肿，溶解，部分线粒体外膜和嵴溶解，内质网明显水肿；肾小管细胞内质网和刷状缘严重水肿。并且这三种组织细胞器的超微结构变化呈时间效应关系。  相似文献   

植物雌激素影响鱼类生殖发育的作用机理研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

陈洁  王蔚  汝少国 《海洋科学》2011,35(3):99-107

植物雌激素(Phytoestrogen,PE)是一类植物来源的杂环多酚类化合物,在结构和功能上与17β-雌二醇(雌二醇)类似,能够结合雌激素受体,具有弱的雌激素活性.已发现的植物雌激素有40多种,主要分布于38科植物中,大致可归纳为10种结构类型,包括黄酮类、苯丙素类、蔗类、内脂或香豆素类、芳香醚类、生物碱类、三萜类...  相似文献   

有机磷农药对胆碱能系统影响研究进展     

汝少国  李姝熳  田雨 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):79-84

有机磷农药具有高效、低毒等特点被广泛应用于农业生产,其残留对生物和人类的健康构成了潜在的威胁.由于有机磷农药主要通过影响胆碱能系统的活性发挥其神经毒性作用,因此本文综述了有机磷农药对胆碱能系统中乙酰胆碱脂酶、胆碱乙酰转移酶、毒蕈碱型受体和烟碱型受体产生的影响及可能的致毒机理.有机磷农药首先抑制乙酰胆碱脂酶的活性产生神经...  相似文献   

海胆早期血清素能神经系统的发育及功能研究进展     

姚丹  汝少国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):93-96

海胆胚胎是研究神经发育生物学的理想生物模型。血清素能神经系统在海胆早期胚胎发育过程中形成最早,主要由血清素能顶端神经节和受体细胞网络构成,对海胆幼虫的游泳行为具有调控功能。本文对海胆幼虫血清素能顶端神经节和受体细胞网络的发育过程,以及血清素能神经系统的功能等方面进行了综述。  相似文献   

海胆早期血清素能神经系统的发育及功能研究进展     

姚丹  汝少国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(1)

海胆胚胎是研究神经发育生物学的理想生物模型.血清素能神经系统在海胆早期胚胎发育过程中形成最早,主要由血清素能顶端神经节和受体细胞网络构成,对海胆幼虫的游泳行为具有调控功能.本文对海胆幼虫血清素能顶端神经节和受体细胞网络的发育过程,以及血清素能神经系统的功能等方面进行了综述.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,and body composition of Nile tilapia <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>     

陈栋  王蔚  汝少国 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(1):77-83

An 8-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary genistein on growth performance, body composition, and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing four graded supplements of genistein: 0, 30, 300, and 3 000 μg/g. Each diet was randomly assigned in triplicate to tanks stocked with 15 juvenile tilapia (10.47±1.24 g). The results show that 30 and 300 μg/g dietary genistein had no significant effect on growth performance of Nile tilapia, but the higher level of genistein (3 000 μg/g) significantly depressed the final body weight and specific growth rate. There was no significant difference in survival rate, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio or whole body composition among all dietary treatments. An assay of digestive enzymes showed that the diet containing 3 000 μg/ggenistein decreased stomach and hepatopancreas protease activity, and amylase activity in the liver and intestine, while a dietary level of 300 μg/g genistein depressed stomach protease and intestine amylase activities. However, no significant difference in stomach amylase activity was found among dietary treatments. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that a high level of dietary genistein (3 000 μg/g, or above) would significantly reduce the growth of Nile tilapia, partly because of its inhibitory effect on the activity of major digestive enzymes. Accordingly, the detrimental effects of genistein, as found in soybean products, should not be ignored when applied as an alternative ingredient source in aquaculture.  相似文献