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采用液体培养法,研究了铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)及其复合胁迫对黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)幼苗生长及生理的响应。将黄菖蒲幼苗培养于250mL培养瓶中,以1/2Hoagland营养液预培养7d后,然后进行500mg/LPb、25mg/LCd和500mg/LPb+25mg/LCd复合胁迫处理,28d后测定幼苗的各项生长及生理指标。结果表明,在500mg/LPb和25mg/LCd+500mg/LPb胁迫下,黄菖蒲幼苗地上部和地下部干重与对照相比都显著下降,所有处理的地下部干重与对照处理相比都显著下降;在所有处理下,幼苗的叶绿素a含量都下降;在500mg/LPb和25mg/LCd+500mg/LPb处理下,幼苗的叶绿素b和胡萝卜素含量下降都不显著;在500mg/LPb和25mg/LCd+500mg/LPb处理下,幼苗根和叶中的丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性都增加,但是在25mg/LCd处理下,幼苗根和叶中的POD活性和叶中的MDA含量都显著减少。Pb和Cd可以有效诱导黄菖蒲幼苗Pro的合成,能提高黄菖蒲幼苗的抗性。 相似文献
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海草凋落叶的溶解有机物的释放及其生物地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) represents a significant source of nutrients that supports the microbial-based food web in seagrass ecosystems. However, there is little information on how the various fractions of DOM from seagrass leaves contributed to the coastal biogeochemical cycles. To address this gap, we carried out a 30-day laboratory chamber experiment on tropical seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. After 30 days of incubation, on average 22% carbon(C), 70% nitrogen(N) and 38% phosphorus(P) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter was released. The average leached dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter accounted for 55%, 95% and 65% of the total C, N and P lost, respectively. In the absence of microbes, about 75% of the total amount of DOC, monosaccharides(MCHO), DON and DOP were quickly released via leaching from both seagrass species in the first 9 days. Subsequently, little DOM was released during the remainder of the experiment. The leaching rates of DOC, DON and DOP were approximately 110, 40 and 0.70 μmol/(g·d). Leaching rates of DOM were attributed to the nonstructural carbohydrates and other labile organic matter within the seagrass leaf. Thalassia hemprichii leached more DOC, DOP and MCHO than E. acoroides. In contrast, E. acoroides leached higher concentrations of DON than T. hemprichii, with the overall leachate also having a higher DON: DOP ratio. These results indicate that there is an overall higher amount of DOM leachate from T. hemprichii than that of E. acoroides that is available to the seagrass ecosystem. According to the logarithmic model for DOM release and the in situ leaf litter production(the Xincun Bay, South China Sea), the seagrass leaf litter of these two seagrass species could release approximately 4×10~3 mol/d DOC, 1.4×10~3 mol/d DON and 25 mol/d DOP into the seawater. In addition to providing readily available nutrients for the microbial food web, the remaining particulate organic matter(POM)from the litter would also enter microbial remineralization processes. What is not remineralized from either DOM or POM fractions has potential to contribute to the permanent carbon stocks. 相似文献
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海南岛新村湾营养负荷对海菖蒲的影响研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对海南岛新村湾海草床的优势种——海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)的茎枝特征、茎枝密度、生物量和不同组织营养素含量进行了研究,并探讨了海水和沉积物间隙水营养负荷对其的影响。结果表明,(1)海菖蒲的茎枝特征(叶长、宽和枝重)、茎枝密度和地上生物量存在显著的空间差异,这些因子与海水和沉积物间隙水DIN含量呈负相关;(2)海菖蒲TN、TP质量分数随着样区的变化而产生显著差异,海菖蒲TN质量分数与其所在样区海水和沉积物间隙水DIN浓度呈显著正相关;(3)随着水体N负荷的增加,海菖蒲叶单位面积附着藻类生物量显著增加。本次研究的结果表明,网箱养殖引起的营养负荷是导致海草衰亡的潜在原因之一,引起了新村湾网箱养殖区海草床的退化。 相似文献
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通过对照处理和5 mg/L、10 mg/L、30 mg/L、60 mg/L、100 mg/L和150 mg/L 6个Pb2+浓度溶液的水培试验,分析了菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani)的不同生长部位对于Pb2+的积累效果.结果表明,水葱、菖蒲和芦苇体内地上部分和地下部分的Pb2+含量均随着水溶液中污染物浓度的增大而增加,表现出显著的正相关关系.在同一Pb2+浓度处理条件下,水葱、菖蒲、芦苇体内的Pb2+含量存在显著差异,菖蒲地下和地上部分富集的Pb2+含量最高,表现出较强的富集能力.水葱地下部分对Pb2+的富集能力在各个浓度处理条件下均高于地上部分;在对照处理和较低处理浓度下,芦苇与水葱相同,地下部分Pb2+积累浓度高于地上部分,而菖蒲则是地上部分的富集浓度高于地下部分;在较高浓度处理条件下,菖蒲和芦苇地上部分的富集浓度较地下部分高. 3种湿地植物在高浓度的Pb2+处理条件下,均表现出较强的富集能力,可作为植物修复重金属污染水体的遴选物种. 相似文献