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太湖地区冬小麦田与蔬菜地N2O排放对比观测研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
2003年11月8日至2004年6月5日对太湖地区相邻的蔬菜地和稻麦轮作生态系统的冬小麦田,在当季不施肥情况下的N2O排放进行了田间同步对比观测,分析了N2O排放时间变化以及土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤速效氮含量和农业管理措施对N2O排放的影响。研究结果表明,小麦播种前的耕翻(表层大约7cm土壤旋耕)处理不会明显改变稻麦轮作农田整个旱地阶段的N2O排放总量,但却使小麦生长季初期的N2O排放明显减弱69%(p<0.01,p为相关概率),使小麦生长季后期的N2O排放明显偏高2.6倍(p<0.05),而对其余时间段的N2O排放作用不明显。与长期实行稻麦轮作的旱地阶段农田相比,由稻田改种蔬菜20多年的蔬菜地,其整个观测期的N2O排放总量比免耕处理小麦田同期的排放高85%(p<0.05),比耕翻处理小麦田同期的排放高99%(p<0.01)。蔬菜地N2O排放偏高的原因是土壤速效氮,特别是铵态氮含量明显偏高(p<0.01)。 相似文献
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Assessment of the nitrogen (N) balance and its long-term trend is necessary for management practices because of the negative environmental effects caused by an imbalance of reactive N in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we designed a module for the IAP-N (Improving Anthropogenic Practices of managing reactive Nitrogen) model to enable it to assess the N budget of regional grasslands. The module was developed to quantify the individual components of the N inputs and outputs for grassland ecosystems using livestock and human populations, grassland area, and fossil-energy consumption data as the model inputs. In this paper, the estimation approaches for individual components of N budget, data acquisition, and parameter selection are described in detail. The model was applied to assess the N budget of Inner Mongolia in 2006 at the county scale. The simulation results show that the most important pathway of N outputs from the grassland was livestock intake. The N output from livestock intake was especially large in the middle of Inner Mongolia. Biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and livestock excreta deposition were comparably important for the N inputs into the grassland. The N budget for Inner Mongolia grassland in 2006 was -1.7×10 8 ±0.6×10 8 kg. The case study for Inner Mongolia shows that the new grassland module for the IAP-N model can capture the characteristics of the N budget in a semiarid grassland. 相似文献
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北京大气中可形成气溶胶的有机物——现状及变化规律的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
北京大气中可形成气溶胶的有机污染物增加迅速,并有明显的季节变化、日变化和空间变化。其中含量最高增长也最快的是BTXE,1995～1998年增长率为20%/a,1998～1999年增长率突增为128%/a,但CFCs增长速率有所减慢。BTXE冬季出现峰值,夏季出现谷值,峰值比谷值高3～5倍;CFCs夏季出现明显峰值,但变化幅度比BTXE相对小。晴风天气与阴雾天气有相反的日变化形式,阴雾天大气的BTXE含量比晴风天的高2～3倍。北京城乡结合部的三、四环路地区污染物含量最高,天安门、中关村和石景山区大气污染程度相近。 相似文献
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大气CO2浓度升高和秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田N2O排放的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
随着大气CO2浓度的逐渐升高,CO2的施肥效应很可能对陆地生态系统的N2O地气交换过程产生一定的影响。在江苏北部的中国稻麦轮作FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) 实验平台上,采用静态箱暗箱-色谱法,研究了一个稻麦轮作周期（2005年6月中旬至2006年6月中旬）3种小麦秸秆还田水平处理(全还田、半还田和不还田)和CO2浓度升高200 μmol·mol-1对稻麦轮作农田N2O排放的影响。结果表明,就当地传统农田管理方式下的砂性土壤稻麦轮作农田N2O排放而言,所采用的观测方法未能检测到显著的秸秆还田效应和大气CO2浓度升高效应。 相似文献
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川中丘陵区人工桤柏混交林根呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用挖壕沟法和根系生物量外推法对桤柏混交林地根呼吸在土壤总呼吸的贡献进行了为期1 a的对比研究。研究表明,两种方法测得的根呼吸平均速率分别为0.64μmol CO2/（m^2.s）和0.54μmol CO2/（m^2.s）,挖壕沟法高于根系生物量外推法的测定结果。两种方法计算的根呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例具有明显的季节变化,均表现为夏季（5～6月）较高而冬季（1～2月）较低,变化范围分别为13%～51%、11%～56%,平均分别为34%和31%;林木生长季节根呼吸比例均高于非生长季,两种方法测定的林木生长季根呼吸比例分别为41%和38%。方差分析表明两种方法测定根呼吸比例之间差异不显著（p〉0.05）。 相似文献
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Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Three Paddy Rice Based Cultivation Systems in Southwest China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
To understand methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanently flooded rice paddy fields and to develop mitigation options, a field experiment was conducted in situ for two years (from late 2002 to early 2005) in three rice-based cultivation systems, which are a permanently flooded rice field cultivated with a single time and followed by a non-rice season (PF), a rice-wheat rotation system (RW) and a rice-rapeseed rotation system (RR) in a hilly area in Southwest China. The results showed that the total CH4 emissions from PF were 646.3±52.1 and 215.0±45.4 kg CH4 hm-2 during the rice-growing period and non-rice period, respectively. Both values were much lower than many previous reports from similar regions in Southwest China. The CH4 emissions in the rice-growing season were more intensive in PF, as compared to RW and RR. Only 33% of the total annual CH4 emission in PF occurred in the non-rice season, though the duration of this season is two times longer than the rice season. The annual mean N2O flux in PF was 4.5±0.6 kg N2O hm-2 yr-1. The N2O emission in the rice-growing season was also more intensive than in the non-rice season, with only 16% of the total annual emission occurring in the non-rice season. The amounts of N2O emission in PF were ignorable compared to the CH4 emission in terms of the global warming potential (GWP). Changing PF to RW or RR not only eliminated CH4 emissions in the non-rice season, but also substantially reduced the CH4 emission during the following rice-growing period (ca. 58%, P<0.05). However, this change in cultivation system substantially increased N2O emissions, especially in the non-rice season, by a factor of 3.7 to 4.5. On the 100-year horizon, the integrated GWP of total annual CH4 and N2O emissions satisfies PF>>RR≈RW. The GWP of PF is higher than that of RW and RR by a factor of 2.6 and 2.7, respectively. Of the total GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions, CH4 emission contributed to 93%, 65% and 59% in PF, RW and RR, respectively. These results suggest that changing PF to RW and RR can substantially reduce not only CH4 emission but also the total GWP of the CH4 and N2O emissions. 相似文献
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华东地区稻麦轮作农田生态系统N2O5排放的模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用ＤＮＤＣ（ＤｅＮｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ＤｅＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）模式,对华东地区典型稻麦轮作农田生态系统的Ｎ２Ｏ排放特征进行了模拟研究。结果表明：该模式能模拟出轮作周期中Ｎ２Ｏ的主要排放峰值和排放趋势,但与实测值相比,模拟结果普遍有些偏小。相对而言,该模式对旱地阶段的模拟结果比较理想,尤其是对春季小麦返青至成熟期的模拟最好。因此,我们就该阶段影响Ｎ２Ｏ排放的主要因子进行了敏感性研 相似文献
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