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21.
Effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processes modify those fluxes under TC conditions have not been sufficiently investigated based on in-situ observations.Using continuous meteorological and surface wave data from a moored buoy in the northern South China Sea,this study examines the effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit. The mooring was within about 40 km of the center of Hagupit. Surface waves could increase momentum flux to the ocean by about 15%, and sea spray enhanced both sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere,causing Hagupit to absorb 500 W/m~2 more heat flux from the ocean. These results have powerful implications for understanding TC–ocean interaction and improving TC intensity forecasting. 相似文献
22.
主要介绍印度洋偶极子(IOD)的时空特征、演变机制和可预报性的研究进展。IOD是东西热带印度洋反相的海温异常,是热带印度洋的年际海温变率最主要的两种异常结构之一。关于IOD的演变机制,特别是ENSO在其中所起作用,一直是学界争论的热点。一些学者认为,IOD是ENSO通过遥相关作用对热带印度洋造成的影响;另一些学者则认为,IOD是热带印度洋内部海气振荡的产物。本研究重点讨论这两种观点的相关证据以及IOD与ENSO的关系。此外,现有多数模式对IOD的预报时效小于3~4个月,潜在的预报时效则大于5个月,但这些对IOD的可预报性研究尚处于起步阶段,还有很大发展空间。 相似文献
23.
贵州省下寒武统黑色岩系型多金属矿床研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章从矿物学、矿床地球化学等方面对贵州省下寒武统黑色岩系型多金属矿床的研究进展进行综合评述,研究表明：贵金属主要以硫化物形式均匀散布于黄铁矿等硫化物中,超常富集的PGE、Au可能主要以不可见有机结合态、无机结合态和吸附态等赋存于矿石干酪根中;碳硫钼矿是Mo的主要存在形式,钒则主要以类质同像形式存在于粘土矿物水云母中;镍钼层矿石成矿年龄521±54Ma-542±11Ma,与赋矿地层成岩年龄531±24 Ma基本一致;硫主要来源于生物对海水硫酸盐的还原,高度富集的多金属元素层主要为海底热水沉积作用形成;矿床成矿流体主要是盐度较高的海底含矿热卤水与正常海水混合沉积的产物;南华纪-早古生代阶段,湘黔地区南华裂谷海槽洋壳向华夏古陆俯冲及扬子陆块向南华裂谷海槽洋壳俯冲的构造环境及其诱发的挤压-伸展构造机制的多次转换等事件为矿床形成提供了有利的成矿通道与就位场所。 相似文献
24.
CONTINENTAL SHELF WAVES ALONG THE COASTS OF CHINA 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Spectral analyses have been carried out on the time-series data from 16 tide stations and nearby weather stations along the coasts of China during the winter of 1980-1981 and the summer of 1981. After removing the wind and barometric effects, the authors found the signals of the southward moving sea-level variations at about 0.21 and 0.32 cpd along the coasts of the Huanghai Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea in winter, and only the 0.26 cpd southward moving sea-level variations along the coast of the South China Sea in summer. Using simple analytical models based on idealized bottom profiles of the China Seas, the observed phenomena can be explained as the lowest-mooe continental shelf waves travelling along the coasts of China. 相似文献
25.
Propagation Mechanisms of Incident Tsunami Wave in Jiangsu Coastal Area, Caused by Eastern Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 
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下载免费PDF全文 At 13:46 on March 11, 2011 (Beijing time), an earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred in Japan. By comparing the tsunami data from Guanhekou marine station with other tsunami wave observation gathered from southeast coastal area of China, it was evident that, only in Guanhekou, the position of the maximum wave height appeared in the middle part rather than in the front of the tsunami wave train. A numerical model of tsunami propagation based on 2-D nonlinear shallow water equations was built to study the impact range and main causes of the special tsunami waveform discovered in Jiangsu coastal area. The results showed that nearly three-quarters of the Jiangsu coastal area, mainly comprised the part north of the radial sand ridges, reached its maximum tsunami wave height in the middle part of the wave train. The main cause of the special waveform was the special underwater topography condition of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea area, which influenced the tsunami propagation and waveform significantly. Although land boundary reflection brought an effect on the position of the maximum wave height to a certain extent, as the limits of the incident waveform and distances between the observation points and shore, it was not the dominant influence factor of the special waveform. Coriolis force’s impact on the tsunami waves was so weak that it was not the main cause for the special phenomenon in Jiangsu coastal area. The study reminds us that the most destructive wave might not appear in the first one in tsunami wave train. 相似文献
26.
雨天測流,风大雨急,紙制的常用查算表、四随分析用的水位～流量等关系曲线,往往不能应用。为此,可用普通化学垫板(复写板)作为制作这种图表的材料。先用鈇笔在其上繪出所需的图表、写上字,并在铁笔刻画的图表、字痕上,涂一层与垫板原色不同的彩色鉛油,然后用抹布将其他处的鉛油擦去,防 相似文献
27.
热带印度洋-太平洋三极模态的理论探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带太平洋的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)现象是过去几十年里海洋与气候研究的重点.随着近年来印度洋偶极子模态(Indian Ocean Dipole,IOD)的提出,热带印度洋中的短期气候变化也逐步被重视.然而,人们对这些现象的研究更多的是局限在单个的海盆之内,而不是将其作为一个整体来思考.观测表明,在年际间尺度上,热带印度洋和热带太平洋的海表温度异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)和海表高度异常(Sea Surface Height Anomaly,SSHA)等物理量的有着很明显的反向变化趋势.对这种反向变化可以给出一个简单的解释:由于双圈沃克环流在暖池区幅聚上升,海表风场在热带印度洋为西风,在热带太平洋为东风;它们通过驱动海水的上翻使得热带西印度洋与东太平洋SSTA变冷,SSHA变低,同时也通过暖水的堆积使得暖池区SSTA升高,SSHA增加.这样就在整个热带印度洋-太平洋地区形成了一个SSTA和SSHA的三极子结构.随着热带印度洋-太平洋上空沃克环流圈的增强或减弱,两个海洋之间的反向梯度关系也会随之做相应的调整,并通过梯度与沃克环流之间的正反馈作用得以维持.这一振荡模态被称为印-太三极子(Indo-Pacific Tripole,IPT).本文将通过资料分析和一个简单的概念模型来讨论IPT模态的发展和变化机制,并着重考虑ENSO与IOD对IPT模态的影响.该模型包含了最基本的海洋与大气的物理变量和他们之间的相互作用,可以为更深层次地理解和研究热带地区短期气候变化提供重要参考. 相似文献
28.
陈大可 《中国科学:地球科学》2024,(2):659-660
<正>热带气旋对气候变化的响应是当前海洋与大气研究的热点问题.理论和模拟结果一致表明,热带气旋的强度会随着海温升高而增强(Emanuel,1987;Knutson和Tuleya,2004).然而现有的观测数据存在相当大的误差,无法令人信服地确定全球热带气旋是否在过去几十年间显著增强(Landsea,2005;Pielke,2005). 相似文献
29.
准确预测波浪作用下沿岸输沙率是沙质海岸研究领域的重要科学问题。根据数十年来国内外沿岸输沙率公式的研究进展，按研究方法对各项成果进行分类，并兼顾时间逻辑，回顾了各研究方法的发展历程及其代表性成果。对各项成果的理论基础、考虑因素、资料来源等方面进行了探讨，并采用现场原型沙、室内原型沙和室内轻质沙等实测资料，对国内外常用公式的预测准确性进行了检验。结果表明，孙林云公式与各项实测资料的吻合程度最高，在众多沿岸输沙率公式中具有明显的先进性。在此基础上，对未来可进一步深化研究的方向作出了展望。 相似文献