日本天然气水合物研发进展及对中国的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张炜  范久达  吴西顺 《国土资源情报》2014,(11):20-25

随着工业的发展和社会的变革,世界对化石燃料的需求正急剧增长。目前的能源供给主要来自资源丰富的常规油气。但是,这些资源不是可再生和用之不竭的,预计在不远的将来会面临严重的短缺。毫无疑问,非常规油气的勘查开发已成为当前全球能源发展的主要方向,其中天然气水合物更是世界各国研究的重点。日本作为最早开展天然气水合物研发的国家之一,在水合物的资源勘查和评价、生产方法建立、技术研发和改进以及环境影响评价等方面积累了丰富的经验。本文在全面归纳和总结日本甲烷水合物研发计划进展的基础上,结合中国甲烷水合物研发进展,为未来的工作方向提出了建议,如制定研发计划路线图、开展陆上或海上生产试验以及调动企业积极性等。  相似文献   

Modeling methane emissions and methane inventories for cattle production systems in Mexico     

《Atmósfera》2014,27(2):185-191

Anaerobic fermentation of structural carbohydrates in the rumen of bovines produces waste products such as volatile fatty acids, fermentation heat, carbon dioxide and methane gas. Methane is a greenhouse gas having several times the global warming potential of CO₂. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a realistic estimate of the national inventory of methane produced by the enteric fermentation of cattle, based on a simulation model and to provide estimates of CH₄ produced by cattle fed typical diets from the tropical and temperate climates of Mexico. Predicted total emission of methane produced by the 23.3 million heads of cattle in Mexico is approximately 2.02 Tg/yr. It was concluded that the modeling approach was suitable in producing a better estimate of the national methane inventory for cattle. It is flexible enough to incorporate more cattle groups or classification schemes, productivity levels and a variety feed ingredients for cattle. The model could also be used to evaluate different mitigation strategies and serve as a tool to design mitigation policies.  相似文献   

Titan's surface albedo variations over a Titan season from near-infrared CFHT/FTS spectra     

A. Negrão  A. Coustenis  J.-P. Maillard  B. Schmitt  V. Boudon 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(12):1225-1246

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Geochemical characterization and methane adsorption capacity of overmature organic-rich Lower Cambrian shales in northeast Guizhou region,southwest China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

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Laboratory experiment and numerical simulation on authigenic mineral formation induced by seabed methane seeps     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

In natural gas hydrate marine settings, cold seepage of methane fluid is a widely observed phenomenon, where authigenic minerals serve as an indication of potential gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs at depth. In this study, based on the data from the site HD196 near Dongsha Island, northern continental slope of South China Sea, laboratory experiments and numerical simulation studies were conducted to investigate the biogeochemical processes of authigenic mineral formation induced by methane seepage. The bioreactor experimental results show that in response to methane flux, pH increased to 8.5 after 20 days of reaction, and Eh declined rapidly first and then remained unchanged at about 100 mV. The decrease in SO₄²⁻, HS⁻ and HCO₃⁻ concentrations indicated the occurrence of anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled with sulfate reduction (AOM-SR). The depletion of Fe²⁺ implied the formation of iron-bearing minerals, e.g., iron sulfides. Carbonate minerals were also identified in the experimental phase of this study. Most iron sulfides existed as massive pieces, and in some cases as spherical or rod-shape pieces. The calcium carbonates were observed as blocky pieces. Numerical simulations were also performed to reproduce the biogeochemical reactions that occurred in the reactor experiments. Based on experimental data, kinetic parameters associated with the observed reactions were calibrated. The model simulated results are general consistent with those obtained by the experiments conducted in this study. The combination of simulation and experimental studies provided a powerful tool to investigate the biogeochemical processes in the methane leakage environment at different temporal and spatial scales. This study gave a new perspective to understand the formation of cold seep authigenic minerals in marine sediments, and was significant for future investigations on the effects of hydrate decomposition.  相似文献   

土壤甲烷吸收汇研究进展   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

李玉娥  林而达 《地球科学进展》1999,14(6):613-618

人类活动导致大气中温室气体浓度增加,是全球气候变暖的主要原因之一。由于陆地生态系统中通气状况良好的土壤是甲烷最大的吸收汇,研究吸收汇强度及其影响因素对估算大气中甲烷储存增量、采取措施增强土壤吸收汇的强度是很有意义的。综述了全球透气土壤吸收甲烷总量及土地利用变化、农业措施对甲烷吸收汇的影响。  相似文献   

Formation of the salinity minimum in the Mixed Water Region between the Oyashio and Kuroshio Fronts     

Tokihiro Kono   《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1998,45(12):2035-2057

The salinity minimum frequently occurring in the Mixed Water Region between the Oyashio and Kuroshio Fronts seems to originate from the salinity minimum at the density of 26.8σ_θ called the North Pacific Intermediate Water. We examined water exchange of this region with the Oyashio and the Kuroshio Extension using mixing ratio R_K defined as (θ - θ_OY)/(θ_K - θ_OY) × 100, where θ_OY, θ_K, and θ represent potential temperature of the Oyashio and Kuroshio Waters and their mixture on the isopycnal surfaces, respectively. CTD data were obtained by repeated observation from January 1990 to May 1991. R_K increases southward from the Oyashio Front to the Kuroshio Front with the range of −20 to 120%. The gradient of R_K on the isopycnal surfaces is large around the Oyashio Front above the 26.8σ_θ surface, while it is large around the Kuroshio Front below it. This agrees with the average R_K in the Mixed Water Region decreasing greatly with the increase of density at densities less dense than 26.8σ_θ. We calculated thickness and volume transport of the Oyashio between the isopycnal surfaces near the coast of Hokkaido. They increase largely with density at densities less dense than 26.8σ_θ. It is supposed that the salinity minimum in the Mixed Water Region is the upper limit of the water largely influenced by the Oyashio Water. Its density could depend only on the density structure of the Oyashio.  相似文献   

湖、库水体CH₄冒泡排放研究进展     

康满春  刘流  刘佳  肖尚斌 《湖泊科学》2024,36(2):339-352

冒泡排放是湖、库水体CH₄排放的主要方式之一,其排放通量和占CH₄总排放量比例均具有极其显著的时空差异性,是当前水体CH₄排放估算不确定性的主要来源之一。然而,目前关于湖、库水体CH₄冒泡排放通量监测、时空分布规律、过程机制和模型模拟的系统梳理鲜有报道。本研究对比了目前水体CH₄冒泡的监测方法技术的适用性及优缺点,分析总结湖、库水体CH₄冒泡排放及通量的时空分布特征,梳理CH₄气泡在沉积物-水体中的产生-成长-迁移-释放的过程、影响因素及模型,并提出了水体CH₄冒泡过程模型框架。最后,本研究提出未来研究应基于湖、库水体分类、设备开发和改进来构建适应性的湖、库水体CH₄冒泡排放监测标准体系,开发基于过程的CH₄冒泡机理模型,为认识变化环境下湖、库水体CH₄冒泡过程和准确估算CH₄排放量提供支撑。  相似文献   

水力调控对湖泊甲烷扩散通量的影响     

肖启涛  胡正华  张弥  王伟  肖薇 《湖泊科学》2021,33(2):561-570

外源引水等水力调控措施常用于湖泊水环境综合整治中,作为人类施加到湖泊显著的外界活动,其对湖泊甲烷(CH4)扩散通量的影响鲜有报道.贡湖湾作为"引江济太"工程长江来水进入太湖的第一站,其CH4通量变化是对水力调控的最好响应.基于2011年11月至2013年8月逐月的野外观测表明,贡湖湾平均CH4扩散排放量为0.073 mmol/(m2·d),显著高于参考水域(湖心区) CH4排放量(均值:0.017 mmol/(m2·d)).贡湖湾不同站点间CH4通量也表现出显著差异,但湖心区域无此现象.贡湖湾和湖心2个区域的CH4扩散通量均有明显的时间变化,且与水温呈显著正相关.但因受到外源来水的影响,贡湖湾CH4通量时间变化的温度依赖性相对较低.总体上外源引水显著提高了湖体CH4排放量,考虑到湖泊CH4通量受内部因子和外部因子的综合协调影响,其潜在的控制机制还需要进一步探讨.  相似文献   

夏季降雨事件对水库温室气体通量变化的影响:来自湖北官庄水库的高频观测     

陈敏  许浩霆  郑祥旺  虞之锋  肖尚斌 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1857-1870

湖库淡水水域对温室气体排放的贡献不容小觑,然而观测时间的代表性不足以及缺乏对降雨因素的考虑制约了碳排放的准确估计.本研究以湖北宜昌境内官庄水库为例,选取强降雨多发的夏季时段,针对水气界面温室气体通量、水体表层和垂向剖面气体溶存浓度及环境因子开展了为期1周的原位高频观测,以探讨夏季降雨事件对水库温室气体通量变化的影响.结果表明,观测期内官庄水库水气界面CH₄通量变化范围为0.007~0.077 mg/（m²·h）,CO₂通量范围为5.48~57.57 mg/（m²·h）,白天和夜晚均表现为大气的碳源.小雨、中雨乃至暴雨天气条件下,CH₄和CO₂日均通量均较低,日通量倾向于受风速和温度调控.CH₄和CO₂通量变化趋势较为一致,观测期内日间排放量高于夜间排放量出现的次数更多,昼夜差异对降雨天气状况无明显响应,风速是CH₄和CO₂通量昼夜变化的主导因素.暴雨过程中,CH₄-k₆₀₀和CO₂-k₆₀₀与水气温差存在显著正相关,但水体垂向混合过程十分短暂.在平均雨强为3.8 mm/h的暴雨第I阶段,CH₄-k₆₀₀对风速和降雨的响应明显,而在雨强更大（8.5 mm/h）的第II阶段,CH₄-k₆₀₀与风速、降雨均未表现出相关性,通量箱在强降雨条件下的适用性可能存在雨强阈值.  相似文献