科尔沁沙地自然恢复沙质草地生态系统碳通量特征     

陈银萍  牛亚毅  李伟  李玉强  龚相文  王旭洋 《高原气象》2019,38(3):650-659

以科尔沁沙地围封后自然恢复的沙质草地生态系统为研究对象,基于全年运行的涡动相关系统,观测分析了2017年该生态系统净CO2通量(NEE)在不同时间尺度的变化特征。结果表明:(1)日尺度上,NEE呈“单峰型”,其中生长季(5-9月)出现明显的吸收峰,而非生长季(10月至次年4月)出现明显的排放峰;季节尺度上,NEE表现为吸收峰值和释放峰值交替出现,生长季为碳汇(净吸收202.11 g·m^-2),非生长季为碳源(净释放298.13 g·m^-2);全年尺度上,NEE表现为碳源(净释放96.02 g·m^-2·a^-1)。(2)NEE在生长季与温度(空气温度和土壤温度)呈显著(P<0.01)线性负相关关系,而在非生长季反之;NEE与土壤含水量在生长季和非生长季均呈显著(P<0.01)线性正相关关系;温度和土壤含水量的协同作用对NEE亦有重要影响。  相似文献   

Rate of Carbon Storage in Soil of Natural and Degraded Mangrove Forest in Peninsular Malaysia          下载免费PDF全文

Zhila Hemati  Mahmood Hossain  Chijioke U. Emenike  Mohamad Zakaria Rozainah 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(4):614-619

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The Age,Growth, Fecundity of Carassius auratus in the Guohe River of Guoyang County          下载免费PDF全文

An Wan  Shijin Yu  Jin Hu  Yun Wan  Ying Wei  Ming Zhong  Hongfei Yang  Yunzhi Yan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(5):676-682

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中国干旱沙区的生态重建与恢复:沙坡头站60年重要研究进展综述   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李新荣  周海燕  王新平  刘立超  张景光  陈国雄  张志山  刘玉冰  谭会娟  高艳红 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):247-264

中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站建站60年来,服务于国家需求,推动了沙漠科学的发展。在沙害治理、沙漠生态重建与恢复、荒漠生态系统长期生态学、沙地生态水文学\,人工植被稳定性及干旱胁迫生理生态学方面取得了重要进展\.解决了在降水量小于200 mm的干旱沙漠地区植被建设的关键技术,证实了通过人为促进生态恢复是可行的,创造了人类活动(治理和利用)与沙漠自然和谐持续发展的模式;探讨了干旱沙区土壤水循环的植被调控机理,提出了生态恢复的关键技术及其应用模式;理论上探明了人工植被稳定性维持的生态学机理,提出了荒漠系统生态恢复的理论模型;揭示了荒漠生态系统碳、氮循环及其对环境因子的响应;引领了生物土壤结皮的生理生态功能及其水文学研究;拓展了干旱逆境生理生态学的研究。沙坡头站已成为国际沙漠科学与荒漠长期生态学研究的重要平台。  相似文献   

硝酸盐氮氧同位素在不同生态系统中的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张金  马金珠  陈春武  潘昆  包磊 《干旱区地理》2015,38(2):312-319

硝酸盐作为氮循环中的重要物质之一,已成为地下水污染的主要形式。硝酸盐的来源分为自然源和人为源。不同来源的硝酸盐具有不同的同位素特征,因此可以利用N、O同位素来识别硝酸盐的来源、迁移和转化。本文通过综述硝酸盐的主要来源及其同位素特征,简要介绍了硝酸盐同位素检测技术的发展历程,影响同位素分馏的相关作用过程;同时简述了硝酸盐同位素在农业、沙漠、森林、城市生态系统中开展的相关研究,概述了研究中存在的问题,并展望了今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

Towards an impact assessment of bauxite red mud waste on the knowledge of the structure and functions of bathyal ecosystems: The example of the Cassidaigne canyon (north-western Mediterranean Sea)     

Jean-Claude Dauvin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):197-206

Since 1967, the alumina plants in the Marseilles area (Barasse and Gardanne) have been discharging the mineral residue (i.e., red mud) resulting from the alkaline processing of bauxite into the submarine Cassidaigne canyon (north-western Mediterranean Sea) through pipes situated at 320-330 m in depth. The Barasse pipe stopped being used in 1988. From 1987 to 1996, many decrees and regulations were promulgated by the French State to rule the conditions under which the Gardanne alumina refinery was authorized to dispose of the bauxite residue in the sea. The refinery was required: (i) to study the hydrodynamic circulation in the Cassidaigne canyon to evaluate the potential dispersion and transport of fine elements discharged into the water mass and their impact on the pelagic ecosystem; (ii) to survey the marine environment every five years to control the expansion and thickness of the red mud deposit and compare the evolution of the benthic macrofauna at representative sampling sites in the environment affected by the red mud discharge with that of reference sites outside of the red mud plume; (iii) to study the effect of the discharge on fishing activities; and (iv) to investigate the toxicity of the red mud, particularly its persistence, accumulation, interaction and effect on the marine ecosystem, paying special attention to the bio-accumulation of chromium and vanadium. A Scientific Committee was created to insure an independent evaluation of the studies promised by the manufacturer in response to the State’s regulations. Since the beginning of the 1960s, data have been accumulating on the structure and long-term functioning of the Cassidaigne bathyal ecosystem. This paper presents the collaborative efforts of the State-Manufacturer-Committee triplet and summarizes the main results obtained during the last period’s sea campaigns (1991-2007). This paper also illustrates how national regulations concerning manufacturers, such as Gardanne alumina refinery, have provided new knowledge about the structure and functioning of a bathyal ecosystem in the Cassidaigne canyon in the north-western Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

生物质能源生产的生态环境影响(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John W.Bickham  ;Mark A.Thomas 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2010,1(2):110-116

生物质能源生产是能源发展领域的重大挑战,在解决新的替代能源中扮演着重要角色。本文着重论述了美国生物能源生产的生态环境问题。从经济、环境和战略方面考虑,生物能源有望提高国家安全,因而受政策驱动的美国生物能源生产技术备受注目。尽管生物能源具有诸多潜在效益,但是在北美,生物原料供应、高强度经营的土地上农药使用及其对陆地野生动物的潜在影响等令人担忧,我们分析了其中的原因。通常认为,未来生物能源的环境、经济效应是正面的;然而,谨慎地审视和发展生物能源经济以保护生态系统的可持续性显得至关重要。  相似文献   

豫西济源二叠纪末-三叠纪初陆相微生物成因构造及其古环境意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

郑伟  齐永安  邢智峰  白万备  陈百兵  李小燕 《沉积学报》2017,35(6):1121-1132

在豫西济源地区发现的陆相微生物成因构造（Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures,MISSs）,主要发育在孙家沟组和刘家沟组,可分为2大类即微生物席生长构造和微生物席破坏构造,8小类即生长脊构造、瘤状突起、曲形脱水裂痕、纺锤状脱水裂痕、似正弦状构造、树枝状脱水裂痕、多边形脱水裂痕和直脊状脱水裂痕。镜下分析显示具有大"U"形脊、定向排列的石英颗粒、近平行的暗色黏土矿物条带及悬浮排列的云母颗粒等微生物成因特征。通过与鲁山、黎城中元古界以及宜阳、柳林早三叠系微生物成因构造对比研究,认为研究区的微生物成因构造具有较为特殊的埋藏学特征,受二叠纪末灾变事件、适宜的沉积条件和气候因素控制,代表着研究区以微生物群落为主、后生动物稀少、植被贫乏、气候炎热和水土流失严重等特征的一种陆相灾后生态系。  相似文献   

A comparison of digital elevation models generated from different data sources     

S. Rayburg  M. Thoms  M. Neave 《Geomorphology》2009,106(3-4):261-270

It can be challenging to accurately determine the topography of physically complex landscapes in remote areas. Ground-based surveys can be difficult, time consuming and may miss significant elements of the landscape. This study compares digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from three different data sources, of the physically complex Narran Lakes Ecosystem, a major floodplain wetland ecosystem in Australia. Topographic surfaces were generated from an airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) survey, a ground-based differential GPS (DGPS) survey containing more than 20,000 points, and the 9″ DEM of Australia. The LiDAR- and DGPS-derived data generated a more thorough DEM than the 9″ DEM; however, LiDAR generated a surface topography that yielded significantly more detail than the DGPS survey, with no noticeable loss of elevational accuracy. Both the LiDAR- and the DGPS-derived DEMs compute the overall surface area and volume of the largest floodplain lake within the system to within 1% of each other. LiDAR is shown to be a highly accurate and robust technique for acquiring large quantities of topographic data, even in locations that are unsuitable for ground surveying and where the overall landscape is of exceptionally low relief. The results of this study highlight the potential for LiDAR surveys in the accurate determination of the topography of floodplain wetlands. These data can form an important component of water resource management decisions, particularly where environmental water allocations for these important ecosystems need to be determined.  相似文献   

Distribution and characterization of Chilean populations of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca)     

Oscar Zuñiga  Rodolfo Wilson  Francisco Amat  Francisco Hontoria 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(1):23-40

Hypersaline habitats in Chile, from marine solar salt pans to saline lagoons and pools in Andean salars, were prospected in search of Artemia populations. These saline ecosystems were characterized through physico-chemical parameters and ionic composition of their brines. Biometrics of cysts and nauplii, as well as morphometrics by using multivariate discriminant analysis for adult specimens evidenced that the Chilean populations of brine shrimp belong to A. franciscana. Cross-breeding results supported the former hypothesis of conspecific Chilean populations, and their differences with A. persimilis, also endemic to the New World, but restricted to Argentinean sites.  相似文献