维西-乔后断裂新活动特征及其与红河断裂的关系     

常祖峰  常昊  臧阳  代博洋 《地质力学学报》2016,22(3):517-530

根据野外调查结果,重点阐述了维西-乔后断裂晚第四纪活动特征,并对其与红河断裂之间的关系进行了探讨分析。维西-乔后断裂对晚新生代盆地具有明显的控制作用,右旋走滑特征明显,沿线山脊和河流表现为同步右旋位错。德胜和长邑南探槽揭示其断错了晚更新世晚期-全新世堆积。岩曲-石岩村一带Ⅱ级河流阶地和后缘洪积扇上发育长约3 km、高2.5 m左右的断层陡坎。根据洪积扇、冲沟和河流阶地位错量估算,该断裂晚更新世晚期以来右旋水平滑动速率为1.8~2.4 mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.30~0.35 mm/a。它南与红河断裂相连,北与金沙江断裂相接,新生代以来具有与红河断裂和金沙江断裂相似的运动学特征、相同的地质演化历史和构造变形机制,是红河活动断裂的北延部分。维西-乔后断裂与红河、金沙江以及德钦-中甸-大具等断裂一起,共同构成了川滇活动块体的西部边界。   相似文献   

Implications of Arctic industrial growth and strategies to mitigate future vessel and fishing gear impacts on bowhead whales     

Randall ReevesCheryl Rosa  J.Craig GeorgeGay Sheffield  Michael Moore 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):454-462

The objective of this paper was to investigate and illustrate how insights gained from experience managing human activities in order to protect North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) along the heavily industrialized east coast of North America might be applied in the Arctic, where bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) face some of the same risks as right whales. The reduced extent and thickness of sea ice and the resultant longer open-water season have major, complex implications for the Arctic marine ecosystem. Increased maritime ship traffic and commercial fishing in the Arctic are bound to affect bowheads and Native (indigenous) hunting communities who depend on whales for subsistence and cultural identity. Bowheads and right whales were greatly depleted by commercial whaling in the 19th and early 20th centuries. While the Western Arctic bowhead population has been recovering steadily in recent decades, North Atlantic right whales remain highly endangered because of persistent lethal and sublethal vessel strikes and frequent entanglement in commercial fishing gear. Entanglement can be transitory or persistent, with debilitation lasting for months before the animal finally succumbs. Vessel strike and fishing gear trauma has been documented in bowheads, but at a much lower rate than in right whales. Initiatives intended to mitigate the impacts of ship traffic on North Atlantic right whales have included speed limits and routing changes. Those meant to reduce the incidence and severity of entanglements include the modification of gear design and gear deployment practices. Management measures need to be considered in advance in the Arctic in order to minimize the risks to bowhead whales as shipping and industrial fishing expand in the Arctic with ice retreat.  相似文献   

统一应力场中基底断裂对盖层复杂断块变形的影响——来自砂箱实验的启示          下载免费PDF全文

马宝军漆家福  牛树银孙爱群曹爱峰  孙志信 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):105-116

基底先存断裂的活动会对其盖层岩层的变形起到较大的影响,尤其当应力直接作用于基底时更是对变形起到了控制作用。通过一系列的砂箱实验模拟分析了在统一的构造应力场中,当深部的基底断裂作平移滑动时盖层断块的被动变形情况:当其具有伸展分量时,会形成一个近对称的走滑 伸展裂谷形态,当具有挤压分量时,会形成以逆冲走滑断裂为边界的对称的局部挠曲隆起;同时在剖面上会形成典型的走滑构造特征,变形区域的大小与伸展或挤压分量的大小有关。先存的盖层断块受到基底作用力时,除内部变形本身还会发生旋转,形成局部的拉伸和挤压区;当一个地区的基底断裂多次活动甚至发生反转时,就会使地表形成特别复杂的构造现象;郯庐断裂带中段的埕岛-垦东潜山构造带的变形是一个典型的走滑基底控制的情况,实验结果证明基底的走滑反转变形造成这些断块的旋扭,盖层的非完全反转形成了剖面上的“复式花状构造”。  相似文献   

中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(1)——走滑活动断裂的探槽地点、布设与事件识别标志   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

冉勇康  王虎  李彦宝  陈立春 《地震地质》2012,34(2):197-210

古地震研究的主要目标是识别或揭露地质地貌记录的大地震变形遗迹,确定大地震发生的时间、复发特征、同震位移量等参数。要实现这样的目标,探槽开挖地点能否完整记录晚第四纪发生的古地震事件、能否获取大量的测年样品以控制事件发生的年代、能否正确地识别这些事件等是关键,并直接关系到未来大地震危险性评价的可靠性。由于走滑断裂位移发生的特殊性,好的探槽研究地点并不普遍。文中在综合分析走滑断裂同震地表变形特征、影响因素的基础上,通过案例分析,总结出可能成为走滑断裂古地震研究和探槽开挖的候选地点,如洼地、盆地、槽谷、断塞塘、被同步位移连续错开的冲沟床、连续的坎前堆积地层和多级地貌面连续变形等。组合探槽或三维探槽应该是走滑断裂探槽布设的首选。跨断层微地貌位错、断错地层以及上覆更新地层、局部坎前堆积和裂缝充填堆积、不同地层单元沿断层面位移量的突然增加或降低、不同程度的弯曲变形、不同期次的古断塞塘(坑)堆积等,可以作为重要的事件识别依据。要降低古地震识别的不确定性,需要理顺研究程序,明确技术方案,逐一精心实施。认识和结论的得出需要反复推敲,并广泛讨论,同时需要注意细节以及各种信息的相互补充和印证。  相似文献   

电磁波坑道透射资料中走向构造的特殊处理   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王琦 《煤田地质与勘探》1995,23(6):57-61

对于采煤工作面中较长的走向构造,电磁波坑道透射资料的处理历来是个难题,无论是传统的手工解释还是近代的层析成像技术,都难以得到满意的结果。本文在层析成像处理的基础上,加上水平相关增强,异常增强等特殊处理手段,使成像面貌大为改善,具有更高的分辨率和稳定性,更利于地质解释。   相似文献   

雷击种类及其综合防护技术浅析   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

杨晓东 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(3):48-50

介绍了按现代雷电理论划分的雷击种类和根据不同的雷击形式所应采取的综合防护措施。  相似文献   

华北陆块北缘尚义地区下井-厂汉营韧性剪切带变形特征及年代学研究     

李亚东  柳永清  江小均  李超  彭楠  严清高  王忠强  甘熙 《地质学报》2022,96(3):863-880

华北陆块北缘晚古生代经历了多期构造事件,构造活动复杂多样,位于其中段的下井-厂汉营韧性剪切带构造变形强烈,研究其变形特征以及形成时代,对进一步探讨华北陆块北缘晚古生代构造演化特别是古亚洲洋晚阶段洋壳俯冲的时间和机制有重要意义.鉴于此,对该韧性剪切带进行了运动学和几何学实测剖面、显微构造解析及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-...  相似文献   

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR DEXTRAL STRIKE SLIP OF THE HELAN SHAN WEST-PIEDMONT FAULT AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

LEI Qi-yun  ZHANG Pei-zhen  ZHENG Wen-jun  DU Peng  WANG Wei-tao  YU Jing-xing  XIE Xiao-feng 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1297-1315

The horizontal movement of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is important to determination of the present-day boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks as well as to the exploration of the extent of the northeastward expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Field geological surveys found that this fault cuts the west wing of the Neogene anticline, which right-laterally offset the geological boundary between Ganhegou and Qingshuiying Formations with displacement over 800m. The secondary tensional joints (fissures)intersected with the main faults developed on the Quaternary flood high platform near the fault, of which the acute angles indicate its dextral strike slip. The normal faults developed at the southern end of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault show that the west wall of this fault moves northward, and the tensional adjustment zone formed at the end of the strike slip fault, which reflects that the horizontal movement of the main fault is dextral strike slip. The dextral dislocation occurred in the gully across the fault during different periods. Therefore, the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is a dextral strike slip fault rather than a sinistral strike slip fault as previous work suggested. The relationship between the faulting and deformation of Cenozoic strata demonstrates that there were two stages of tectonic deformation near the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault since the late Cenozoic, namely early folding and late faulting. These two tectonic deformations are the result of the northeastward thrust on the Alashan block by the Tibet Plateau. The influence range of Tibetan plateau expansion has arrived in the Helan Shan west-piedmont area in the late Pliocene leading to the dextral strike slip of this fault as well as formation of the current boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks, which is also the youngest front of the Tibetan plateau.  相似文献   

基于四分量偶极横波远探测的井周构造走向快速反演方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

李盛清  苏远大  唐晓明 《地球物理学报》2020,63(6):2478-2487

偶极声源的辐射特性及仪器的四分量正交采集系统使得偶极横波远探测可在一维井筒中对井外构造进行方位探测.基于反射横波幅度随声源偏振方向呈余弦平方变化这一特征,本文提出一种利用函数拟合快速反演井周构造走向的方法.根据这一规律,该方法仅用4个方位剖面数据即可准确反演井周构造走向,同时得到井周构造的离井距离和倾角.数值模拟和物理实验模拟均验证了幅度随方位的变化以及反演方法的可行性.根据这一方法做的现场实例也进一步证明了该方法的适用性.本文工作为利用四分量偶极数据进行井周构造的反射横波成像提供了实用而有效的处理方法.  相似文献