Numerical modelling of liquefaction in loose sand deposits subjected to ocean waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2018

The failure of marine structures is often attributed to liquefaction in loose sand deposits that are subjected to ocean waves. In this study, a two-dimensional integrated numerical model is developed to characterize the liquefaction behaviours of loosely deposited seabed foundations under various types of ocean waves. In the present model, Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are used to simulate the surface wave motion, and Biot's consolidation equations are used to link the solid-pore fluid interactions in a porous medium. A poro-elasto-plastic solution is used to reproduce foundation behaviour under cyclic shearing. Unlike previous investigations, both oscillatory and residual soil responses were considered; they are coupled in an instantaneous approach. Verification of the model results to the previous centrifugal wave tests is carried out, obtaining fairly good agreement. Numerical examples show that foundation behaviour under various types of wave loading, particularly standing waves or a solitary wave, embodies a completely two-dimensional process in terms of residual pore pressure development. The parametric studies demonstrate that liquefaction caused by the build-up of pore pressures is more likely to occur in loosely deposited sand foundations with poor drainage and under large waves.  相似文献   

Gravelly soils that liquefied during 2008 Wenchuan,China earthquake, M_s=8.0     

Zhenzhong Cao  T. Leslie Youd  Xiaoming Yuan 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Field investigations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M_s=8.0) identified 118 liquefaction sites nearly all of which are underlain by gravelly sediment in the Chengdu Plain and adjacent Mianyang area. Field studies, including core drilling, dynamic penetration tests (DPT), and multiple channel analysis of surface wave velocity tests (MASW) for measurement of shear wave velocities, reveal the following: (1) Sand boils and ground fissures, indicative of liquefaction, occurred across hundreds of square kilometers affecting 120 villages, 8 schools and 5 factories. (2) The Chengdu plain is underlain by sandy gravels ranging in thickness up to 540 m; loose upper layers within the gravels beds liquefied. (3) Mean grain sizes for gravelly layers that liquefied range from 1 mm to more than 30 mm. (4) Shear wave velocities in gravels that liquefied range up to 250 m/s. (5) A 50% probability curve, developed from logistic procedures, correctly bounds all but four data points for the 47 compiled V_s data.  相似文献   

导流堤地基土动力特性的试验研究     

王桂萱  周金领  赵杰  郑洋 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

通过对某核电厂取水明渠导流堤地基土室内共振柱试验及粉砂的动三轴液化试验,测定了动剪切模量、阻尼比与动剪应变幅的双曲线关系,分析了导流堤地基土的动力变形特性,探讨了砂土的抗液化强度与液化振次之间的乘幂函数关系,确定了该地基土的抗液化强度指标。试验结果为评价导流堤的地震稳定和液化分析提供了相关参数。  相似文献   

On the efficiency and predictability of strain energy for the evaluation of liquefaction potential: A numerical study     

Y. Jafarian  A. Sadeghi Abdollahi  R. Vakili  M.H. Baziar  A. Noorzad 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

Strain energy concept has been employed by the researchers for the assessment of liquefaction phenomenon which is a disastrous type of earthquake-induced failure in saturated soils. The efficiency and predictability conditions of strain energy concept for liquefaction potential assessment are investigated herein using effective stress numerical analyses. Several earthquake ground motions were introduced to the base of a calibrated numerical model using an advanced fully coupled constitutive model. Results of the numerical analyses indicate that earthquake-induced excess pore pressure is more rigorously proportional to strain energy compared with the other examined intensity measures. Subsequently, a simple relationship was derived using the results of dynamic analyses to predict cumulative strain energy density in terms of magnitude, source to site distance, and effective overburden pressure. This relationship, which tries to guarantee the predictability condition of strain energy demand, has demonstrated a successful capability in discrimination between the liquefied and non-liquefied case histories recorded after several well-known earthquakes. This study has provided a practical linkage between numerical analysis and field observations. Finally, it is concluded that although strain energy approach possesses a great conceptual efficiency in liquefaction potential assessment, its precise prediction in actual field conditions involves some difficulties.  相似文献   

Nonlinearity in the response of soils in the 1995 Kobe earthquake in vertical components of records   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

O. Pavlenko  K. Irikura 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):967-975

Strong motion records provided by seismic vertical arrays allow estimation of stress–strain relations in soils at depths from the surface to the location of the deepest device. As an example, time-dependent nonlinear soil behavior was estimated in vertical components of records obtained in the epicentral area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Degradation of the rigidity of soils in the strong motion was observed. The constructed nonlinear models of the soil behavior were used for estimating the nonlinear parts in the ground response by the nonlinear system identification technique. Nonlinear parts in the ground response were found to be as high as 50% at 2 km from the fault and 10% at 6–15 km from the fault plane. Odd types of nonlinearity, such as cubic, the fifth, seventh, etc. order, were found to be typical for soils, whereas, nonlinearities of even types are usually weak, but increase in liquefied soils.  相似文献   

饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法研究     

王兰民  袁中夏  汪国烈 《地震工程学报》2013,35(1):1-8

黄土液化的判别是工程界长期存疑的问题.本文基于不同黄土场地的现场标贯试验、波速测试和试样的室内动三轴试验研究以及《兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3037-2006)使用反馈情况,提出了饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法:(1)地层年代、粘粒含量、塑性指数、剪切波速、土层埋深条件等可作为饱和黄土场地液化初判的指标;(2)国家《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2010)[2]中基于标贯击数的液化判别公式和液化指数计算公式适用于饱和黄土地基的液化判别和液化程度评价,但黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值需要修正;(3)对应于设防加速度0.1g、0.15g、0,2g、0.3g、0.4g下饱和黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值应分别为7、8、9、11、13,显著小于砂土液化判别的相应值.目前该判别方法已被纳入《甘肃省建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3055-2011)[3].  相似文献   

Examples of geomorphologic and geological hazards in Algeria     

D. Machane  Y. Bouhadad  G. Cheikhlounis  J.-L. Chatelain  E. H. Oubaiche  K. Abbes  B. Guillier  R. Bensalem 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(2):295-308

We present three geomorphologic and geological phenomena that have occurred in Algeria in recent years: (i) the Bab El Oued mudflow on 11 November 2001, which claimed several hundred lives, (ii) a soil collapse induced by sand liquefaction triggered by the Boumerdes earthquake (M _w = 6.8) on 21 May 2003, and (iii) landslides that are threatening Constantine city, for which a hazard map is presented using a qualitative approach. We briefly describe and analyze these natural disasters, and in the first two cases propose the application of geophysical techniques such as ambient noise recordings and electrical imagery to help evaluate their extent and potential threat. Finally a landslide hazard map of Constantine is proposed.  相似文献   

Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Manga  Maria BrummMaxwell L. Rudolph 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

Mud volcanoes sometimes erupt within days after nearby earthquakes. The number of such nearly coincident events is larger than would be expected by chance and the eruptions are thus assumed to be triggered by earthquakes. Here we compile observations of the response of mud volcanoes and other geologic systems (earthquakes, volcanoes, liquefaction, ground water, and geysers) to earthquakes. The compilation shows a clear magnitude–distance threshold for triggering, suggesting that these seemingly disparate phenomena may share similar underlying triggering mechanisms. The compilation also shows that pre-existing geysers and already-erupting volcanoes and mud volcanoes are much more sensitive to earthquakes than quiescent systems.  相似文献   

Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach     

Hadi Shahir  Ali Pak 《Computers and Geotechnics》2010

Occurrence of liquefaction in saturated sand deposits underlying foundation of structure can cause a wide range of structural damages starting from minor settlement, and ending to general failure due to loss of bearing capacity. If the bearing capacity failure is not the problem, reliable estimation of the liquefaction-induced settlement will be of prime importance in assessment of the overall performance of the structure. Currently, there are few procedures with limited application in practice for estimation of settlement of foundations on liquefied ground. Therefore, development of a general relationship is important from the practical viewpoint. In this paper, the dynamic response of shallow foundations on liquefied soils is studied using a 3D fully coupled dynamic analysis. For verification of the numerical model, simulation of a centrifuge experiment is carried out and the analysis results are compared with the experimental measurements. The results of centrifuge experiment are taken from the literature for the purpose of comparison and the experiment has not been performed by the authors. After verification of the numerical model, a practical relationship for estimation of liquefaction-induced settlement of rigid footings on homogeneous loose to medium fine sand is proposed based on the results of a comprehensive parametric study. In the interpretation process, the soil layer thickness in which the liquefaction takes place is found to be a key parameter, since by normalization with respect to this parameter, effects of a number of other parameters can be eliminated.  相似文献   

1976年唐山大地震CPT液化数据库检验     

王蕾  董林  夏坤  屈春来  刘世伟 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(4):737-749

1976年唐山大地震引发了范围广、灾害重的液化震害。铁道部科学研究院等单位于1977、1978年对液化场地进行了单桥静力触探测试。但单桥静力触探在数据指标方面存在缺陷,与国际标准不接轨。中国地震局工程力学研究所与东南大学等单位于2007年对上述唐山地区部分测点再次进行了孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试。本文通过对比2次静力触探数据,利用Robertson土质分类图,进行新孔压静力触探数据土类分层检验,将土类检验结果与单桥静力触探测试时钻孔柱状图进行对比,发现大部分测点土层土类均能较好对应,现场测试力学指标沿深度变化趋势较相符,仅剔除了错误点T2、T3。对所有测点选定液化层,分别建立基于单桥静力触探测试比贯入阻力p_s和基于孔压静力触探测试锥尖阻力q_c的液化数据库。利用基于静力触探测试（CPT）的我国规范液化判别方法检验了2个数据库,发现对单桥静力触探测试的数据库液化判别效果好,而对孔压静力触探测试的数据库液化判别效果较差,说明经过30年的时间,土层液化可能已发生较大改变。因此,基于孔压静力触探测试的液化数据库可靠性较低,基于该数据库对液化判别方法进行改进意义较小。  相似文献