黄河三角洲区域泥螺入侵与扩散研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

赵文溪  宋静静  于超勇  刘莹  刘元文  官曙光  于道德 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(Z2):142-147

莱州湾西岸作为黄河三角洲的重要组成部分,位于渤海沿岸,滩涂岸线长而广阔、海水有机物质丰富、饵料充足,为底栖动物的生长提供了优越条件。为探寻黄河三角洲区域泥螺入侵历史,梳理总结扩散现状,探讨对当地传统生物造成的危害,保护黄河三角洲生物多样性和生态系统稳定。文章对历史资料和相关文献进行汇总整理。结果显示：2001年前莱州湾以及黄河口附近海域均无泥螺分布,现有泥螺种群来源于2001年人工引种。在黄河三角洲区域,泥螺分布范围持续扩大,向北已扩展至滨州沿岸潮间带海域,局部区域最高密度达160 ind/m2,被列为外来入侵物种,纳入了国家海洋局的生态监控体系中。泥螺与当地底栖贝类生物争夺营养和空间资源,产生种间竞争,导致种群生态位偏移。泥螺入侵成为优势种,建立了稳定的种群。  相似文献   

旋转网格和常规网格混合的时空域声波有限差分正演          下载免费PDF全文

胡自多  贺振华  刘威  王宇超  韩令贺  王述江  杨哲 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3829-3846

压制数值频散,提高正演模拟精度,一直是有限差分正演模拟研究的重要内容.基于时空域频散关系的有限差分法,比基于空间域频散关系的传统有限差分法,模拟精度更高.时空域声波方程数值模拟,普遍采用常规十字交叉型高阶有限差分格式.而在频率-空间域,普遍采用旋转网格和常规网格混合的有限差分格式,有效提高了模拟精度和计算效率.本文将频率-空间域混合网格有限差分的思想引入到时空域,提出了时空域混合网格2 M+N型声波方程有限差分方法.首先推导出基于时空域频散关系的混合网格差分系数计算方法,然后进行频散分析、稳定性分析,并和传统高阶、时空域高阶有限差分法对比,结果表明:计算量相同时,新方法能有效压制数值频散,显著提高模拟精度;新方法相比传统2 M阶有限差分法,稳定性增强,与时空域2 M阶有限差分法稳定性基本相当.最后利用新方法进行均匀介质、层状介质、盐丘模型的数值模拟和盐丘模型的逆时偏移,模拟效果和成像质量进一步证实了该方法的有效性和普遍适用性.  相似文献   

弹性波在含双裂纹岩体中的传播分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐松林  刘永贵  席道瑛  李广场  谭子翰 《地球物理学报》2012,55(3):944-952

岩石和岩体是具有复杂细微观结构的非均匀介质.弹性波在岩体中传播时,与岩体细微观缺陷相互作用表现出弹性波的频散效应.为研究岩体内部细观结构对弹性波频散效应的作用,本文采用双裂纹模型:在模型内部,考虑裂纹间的相互作用对弹性波的影响,以分析弹性波在双裂纹体系间的多次散射作用;在双裂纹体系间,采用线性叠加分析法,以考虑岩体缺陷影响的局部化.对波动方程应用Green函数基本解,利用边界积分方法,将双裂纹体系作为内边界处理,得到相应的频散方程,由此对比分析了双裂纹体系在上述两种分析方法下的区别,进一步探讨了双裂纹体系参数、孔隙流体压力和卸荷对岩体频散特性的影响.  相似文献   

孔、裂隙并存地层中的声波测井理论及多极子声场特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈雪莲  唐晓明 《地球物理学报》2012,55(6):2129-2140

在油、气储层的勘探和开发中观察到的一个现象是储层岩石中普遍存在孔隙和裂隙.随着近年来孔、裂隙介质弹性波动理论的进展,我们可以将此理论应用于测井技术,以此来指导从声波测井中测量孔、裂隙地层的声学参数.本文计算了孔、裂隙地层里充流体井眼中的多极子声场,分析了声场随裂隙介质的两个主要参数(即裂隙密度和裂隙纵横比)的变化特征.井孔声场的数值计算表明裂隙密度可以大幅度地降低井中声波纵、横波的波速和振幅.随着裂隙密度的增加,在测井频段内也可以看到纵、横波速的频散现象(这种频散在孔隙地层中一般是观察不到的).本文还研究了多极子模式波 (即单极的Stoneley波、伪瑞利波以及偶极的弯曲波)随裂隙参数的变化特征.结果表明,这些模式波的振幅激发和速度频散都受裂隙密度的影响.裂隙密度越高影响越大.此外,裂隙还对模式波的传播造成较大的衰减.相对裂隙密度而言,裂隙纵横比是一个频率控制参数,它控制裂隙对声场影响的频率区间.本文的分析结果对裂缝、孔隙型地层的声波测井具有指导意义.  相似文献   

四种典型地层的瑞雷波“之”字型频散曲线数值模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘雪明  凡友华  翟佳羽  刘雪峰 《地球物理学报》2009,52(12):3042-3050

虽然MASW技术已经广泛地应用于地基检测中,但由于缺少大量理论指导,特别是数值模拟方面的研究,其应用受到限制.本文基于有限元软件LS-DYNA,通过数值模拟研究了四种典型地层（递增型地层、含软弱下伏层地层、含软弱夹层地层和硬夹层地层）由MASW方法提取的瑞雷波频散曲线的“之”字型特征.发现对于递增型地层,频散曲线不会出现“之”字型,对于其他三种地层,频散曲线则会出现不同类型的“之”字型,其中含软弱夹层地层“之”字型的位置和尺寸与软夹层的位置和层厚有较好的对应关系.本文的研究结果为实际工程中利用瑞雷波频散曲线的形状判定地层类型和软弱夹层位置提供了重要参考.  相似文献   

Integrated assessment of lateral flow, density effects and dispersion in aquifer storage and recovery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James D. Ward  Craig T. Simmons  Peter J. Dillon  Paul Pavelic   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,370(1-4):83-99

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection of freshwater into an aquifer for later recovery and use. This paper investigates three major factors leading to reduction in performance of ASR systems in brackish or saline aquifers: lateral flow, density-driven flow and dispersive mixing. Previous analyses of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) have considered at most two of the above processes, but never all three together, and none have considered lateral flow and density effects together. In this analysis, four dimensionless parameters are defined to give an approximate characterisation of lateral flow, dispersive mixing, mixed convection (density effects during pumping) and free convection (density effects during storage). An extensive set of numerical models spanning a wide parameter range is then used to develop a predictive framework using the dimensionless numbers. If the sum of the four dimensionless numbers (denoted R_ASR) exceeds 10, the ASR operation is likely to fail with no recoverable freshwater, while if R_ASR < 0.1, the ASR operation is likely to provide at least some recovery of freshwater. The predictive framework is tested using limited data available from ASR field sites, broadly lending support to the framework. This study has several important implications. Firstly, the lack of completeness of field data sets in the literature must be rectified if we are to properly characterise mixed-convective flow processes in ASR operations. Once data are available, the dimensionless numbers can be used to identify suitable ASR sites and the desirable operational conditions that maximise recovery efficiencies.  相似文献   

Spreading of floating particles by Langmuir circulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.A. Thorpe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1787-1791

Particles floating on the sea surface, in particular buoyant algae, are drawn into bands by the converging flow between neighbouring Langmuir cells. Floating bands subsequently amalgamate as a result of Langmuir turbulence. Simple models are developed to describe the rearrangement and dispersion of the floating particles. If the production of floating particles has ceased, the mean separation of the bands of particles increases with time and eventually becomes unrelated to the mean distance between the lines of convergence resulting from Langmuir circulation. The concentration of particles in the bands, proportional to the width of bands, and the separation of bands with a given concentration of particles, both increase with time. Care is needed in estimating the width of Langmuir cells to distinguish between surface bands of floating material that is continuously being produced and bands made visible by some earlier, but discontinued, generation. An alternative mechanism for the generation of dense bands of floating algae is proposed.  相似文献   

Research on the middle-of-receiver-spread assumption of the MASW method     

Yinhe Luo  Jianghai Xia  Jiangping Liu  Yixian Xu  Qingsheng Liu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method has been effectively used to determine near-surface shear- (S-) wave velocity. Estimating the S-wave velocity profile from Rayleigh-wave measurements is straightforward. A three-step process is required to obtain S-wave velocity profiles: acquisition of a multiple number of multichannel records along a linear survey line by use of the roll-along mode, extraction of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, and inversion of dispersion curves for an S-wave velocity profile for each shot gather. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section can be generated by aligning 1D S-wave velocity models. In this process, it is very important to understand where the inverted 1D S-wave velocity profile should be located: the midpoint of each spread (a middle-of-receiver-spread assumption) or somewhere between the source and the last receiver. In other words, the extracted dispersion curve is determined by the geophysical structure within the geophone spread or strongly affected by the source geophysical structure. In this paper, dispersion curves of synthetic datasets and a real-world example are calculated by fixing the receiver spread and changing the source location. Results demonstrate that the dispersion curves are mainly determined by structures within a receiver spread.  相似文献   

Biofilms in porous media: Development of macroscopic transport equations via volume averaging with closure for local mass equilibrium conditions     

Fabrice Golfier  Brian D. Wood  Laurent Orgogozo  Michel Quintard  Michel Buès 《Advances in water resources》2009

  相似文献   

Transport of nonsorbing solutes in a streambed with periodic bedforms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guangqiu Jin  Hongwu Tang  Badin Gibbes  Ling Li  D.A. Barry 《Advances in water resources》2010

Previous studies of hyporheic zone focused largely on the net mass transfer of solutes between stream and streambed. Solute transport within the bed has attracted less attention. In this study, we combined flume experiments and numerical simulations to examine solute transport processes in a streambed with periodic bedforms. Solute originating from the stream was subjected to advective transport driven by pore water circulation due to current–bedform interactions as well as hydrodynamic dispersion in the porous bed. The experimental and numerical results showed that advection played a dominant role at the early stage of solute transport, which took place in the hyporheic zone. Downward solute transfer to the deep ambient flow zone was controlled by transverse dispersion at the later stage when the elapsed time exceeded the advective transport characteristic time t_c (= L/u_c with L being the bedform length and u_c the characteristic pore water velocity). The advection-based pumping exchange model was found to predict reasonably well solute transfer between the overlying water and streambed at the early stage but its performance deteriorated at the later stage. With dispersion neglected, the pumping exchange model underestimated the long-term rate and total mass of solute transfer from the overlying water to the bed. Therefore both advective and dispersive transport components are essential for quantification of hyporheic exchange processes.  相似文献