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31.
The SEMAPHORE (Structure des Echanges Mer-Atmosphère, Propriétés Océaniques/ Recherche Expérimentale) experiment, which took place between 04 Oct. and 17 Nov. 1993, was conducted over the oceanic Azores current located in the Azores basin. The SST (Sea Surface Temperature) field was characterized in the SEMAPHORE area (31°–38°N; 21°–28°W) by a large meander with a SST gradient of about 1°C per 100 km. In order to study the evolution of the MABL (Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer) over the ocean, the mean and the turbulent data were evaluated by the measurement with two aircraft and a ship in different meteorological conditions. Three cases of low pressure and three cases of high pressure are mainly presented here. For the six cases, the satellite images (NOAA) did not show any relation between the SST field and the cloud cover. At each flight level, the decrease of the SST with the altitude due to the divergence of the infrared radiation flux from the ocean is 0.25°C per 100 m. For the comparison between the two aircraft, the mean thermodynamic and dynamic parameters show a good agreement except for the temperature. The dispersion of the sensible heat flux is larger than that of the latent heat flux due to the weak sensible heat flux over the ocean both in the intercomparison between two aircraft and in the comparison between the aircraft and the ship. 相似文献
32.
An integrally coupled wave-tide-surge model was developed and then applied to the simulation of the wave-typhoon surge for the typhoon Isewan (typhoon Vera (5915)), which is the strongest typhoon that has struck Japan and caused incalculable damage. An integrally coupled tide-surge-wave model using identical and homogeneous meshes in an unstructured grid system was used to correctly resolve the physics of wave-circulation interaction in both models. All model components were validated independently. The storm surge and wave properties such as the surge height, the significant wave height, wave period and direction were reproduced reasonably under the meteorological forcing, which was reprocessed to be close to the observations. The resulting modeling system can be used extensively for the prediction of the storm surge and waves and the usual barotropic forecast. 相似文献
33.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｃｅａｎｔｉｄｅｓｐｌａｙａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＥａｒｔｈａｎｄｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍａｎｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｃｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓ.Ｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅｌａｔｅ 1 970ｓ,ｔｉｄｅｓｗｅｒｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｍａｉｎｌｙｂｙｃｏａｓｔａｌｇａｕｇｅｓ .Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｃａｎｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｆａｉｒｌｙａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｕ… 相似文献
34.
Byung?Ho?Choi Efim?PelinovskyEmail author Ho?Jun?Lee Seung?Buhm?Woo 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(3):355-381
Prognostic characteristics of tsunamis in the East (Japan) Sea based on numerical simulations are investigated by using linear
long wave theory. Due to the lack of observed data, the concept of the synthetic catalogue is applied to generate possible
tsunami scenarios. It includes four real events that occurred in the East (Japan) Sea during the 20th century, 24 hypothetical
tsunamigenic earthquakes located in the gap zones of the seismic map, and 76 idealized model ‘hydrodynamic’ sources covering
the eastern part of the East (Japan) Sea uniformly. The tsunami wave height distributions along the East (Japan) Sea coastline
due to these hypothetical events are computed. From the geographical distributions of tsunami wave height for all possible
events, it is found that there exist several coastal locations where the tsunami risk is relatively lower than in other zones.
The relation between the maximal value of the tsunami height and its average value is analyzed. It is found that the maximal
tsunami height does not exceed the mean wave height times a constant. The uniform bounded curve for all areas can be obtained
if the mean wave height is replaced by the modified mean wave height (1/3 of largest waves). The problem of quantitative definition
of the prognostic tsunami wave height for each location based on the data from the synthetic catalogue is discussed. The results
of tsunami wave height analysis based on the synthetic catalogue can be used as a tool for coastal disaster mitigation planning. 相似文献
35.
Distribution Functions of Tsunami Wave Heights 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The problem of describing the distribution functions of tsunami wave heights is discussed. Data on runup heights obtained in field surveys of several tsunamis for the last decade are used to calculate the empirical distribution functions. It is shown that the log-normal distribution describes the observed data well. This means that the irregular topography and coastline are major factors which influence the height distribution. The power distribution related with the geometric decay of the propagated wave is a good approximation for one event (Sulawesi, January 1, 1996) only. Results of a numerical simulation of the tsunami event in the Japan (East) Sea on July 12, 1993 are presented. It is shown that the computed wave height distribution, obtained by using the runup correction in the framework of nonlinear shallow-water theory, is in good agreement with the observed height distribution. Simulations are used to study the transformation of the distribution function on different distances from the source. 相似文献
36.
A coupled ice-ocean isopycnal numerical model of the Southern Ocean is established tostudy the circulation and its seasonal variability in the region around the Kerguelen Plateau. An analysis of the simulated results shows significant stripe-like structure and non-zonal feature of the Antarctic Cir-cumpolar Current (ACC) in this region. ACC begins to bifurcate and to turn its direction before meeting the plateau. The southernmost branch of ACC is near to the Antarctic coast and displays its strong interaction with the westward Antarctic Slope Current. The northern branch of ACC has a tendency of annual variations while the southern one varies in a semiannual cycle. The variation phases of both branches are coincident with that of the wind stress in this region. 相似文献
37.
Soo Cheol Kim Kanij Rukshana Sumi Jung Woo Kim Myeong Rak Choi Byung Hwa Min Kang Hee Kho 《Ocean Science Journal》2016,51(3):373-379
Carbonic anhydrase (CA), a ubiquitous enzyme found in many species, including fishes, is involved in physiological functions such as pH homeostasis, calcification, photosynthesis, and ionic regulation. CA I, a member of the α-CA family, is a cytoplasmic isozyme involved in carbon dioxide transport, ion exchange, and acid-base balance. Approximately half of the extant shark species occur only in deep waters; however, few published studies on sharks include these taxa. As fisheries worldwide enter deeper waters, the provision of biological data for these little-known taxa is critical to their management and conservation. To address this limitation, we aimed to detect CA I in various tissues of the shortspine spurdog (Squalus mitsukurii) and characterize its physicochemical properties by using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, together with immunohistochemistry. CA I was detected on SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis as a specific band at 29 kDa in various tissues of the shortspine spurdog, and as a specific band at pI 6.5 in various tissues of the shortspine spurdog by IEF and western blot analysis. CA I immunoreactivity in various tissues of the shortspine spurdog was detected in intracellular locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the localization of CA isozymes in various tissues of S. mitsukurii. 相似文献
38.
Stratigraphic Implications of Skeletal Microfossils from the Cambrian of Korea: A Preliminary Report
Byung-Su LEE 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1152-1159
Diverse small shelly fossils and other associated fossils were recently recovered from the Cambrian Hanaeri section, southwestern Mungyeong, Korea. The fauna includes conoidal problematica, poriferans (sponge spicules), coeloscleritophorans (chancelloriids), brachiopods, monoplacophorans, trilobite (?) fragments, echinoderms, and conodonts. A preliminary assessment of faunal associations, stratigraphic implications, and the correlation of these skeletal fossils is given, based on occurrences of Actinotheca cf. mira (He), Microcornus sp., Torellela laevigata (Linnarsson), Torellela sp., Archiasterella quadratina Lee, Chancelloria sp., Lingulella sp., Prototreta sp., Phakelodus tenuis (Müller), Phakelodus elongates (An), Hertzina sp., and Furnishina sp. 相似文献
39.
Soojun Kim Byung Sik Kim Hwandon Jun Hung Soo Kim 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(8):1999-2014
Water resources are influenced by various factors such as weather, topography, geology, and environment. Therefore, there are many difficulties in evaluating and analyzing water resources for the future under climate change. In this paper, we consider climate, land cover and water demand as the most critical factors affecting change in future water resources. We subsequently introduce the procedures and methods employed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of each factor on the change in future water resources. In order to consider the change in land cover, we apply the Multi-Regression approach from the cellular automata-Markov Chain technique using two independent variables, temperature and rainfall. In order to estimate the variation of the future runoff due to climate change, the data of the SRES A2 climate change scenario were entered in the SLURP model to simulate a total of 70 years, 2021–2090, of future runoff in the Han River basin in Korea. However, since a significant amount of uncertainties are involved in predicting the future runoff due to climate change, 50 sets of daily precipitation data from the climate change scenario were generated and used for the SLURP model to forecast 50 sets of future daily runoff. This process was used to minimize the uncertainty that may occur when the prediction process is performed. For future water balance analysis, the future water demand was divided into low demand, medium demand and high demand categories. The three water demand scenarios and the 50 daily runoff scenarios were combined to form 150 sets of input data. The monthly water balance within the Han River basin was then calculated using this data and the Korean version of Water Evaluation and Planning System model. As a result, the future volume of water scarcity of the Han River basin was predicted to increase in the long term. It is mostly due to the monthly shift in the runoff characteristic, rather than the change in runoff volume resulting from climate change. 相似文献
40.