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31.
Asteroid families are the remnants of catastrophic collisions, and their fundamental physical properties provide us the information of their parent bodies and thereafter dynamical evolutions. Especially, the orbit and spin characteristics can reveal the influences of the Yarkovsky effect and the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect on the evolution of the asteroid family, respectively. Based on the Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), the spin rate distribution of the Flora asteroid family is studied, and a tendency that the spin rates of the small Flora family members concentrate primarily in the range of 3–5 d?1 is found. The analysis on the spin states of the Flora family asteroids tells that most of these asteroid family members are in the prograde spinning state. However, for the Flora family members with an orbital semi-major axis smaller than 2.2 au, the ratio between the number of prograde spinning members and that of retrograde ones is close to that of the near-Earth asteroids, namely 1 : 3. Furthermore, for those prograde spinning Flora family asteroids with an orbital semi-major axis larger than 2.2 au, a portion of them exhibit the aggregation in the distribution of orbital semi-major axis against the absolute magnitude, and in which nine members show the features similar to the Slivan state. 相似文献
32.
中国白垩纪植物群与生物地层学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
早白垩世时中国可划分出北方、南方和藏南3个植物地理区。北方植物地理区可归入瓦赫拉梅耶夫的西伯利亚加拿大植物地理区,发育有热河、阜新和大砬子3个植物群。热河植物群产于辽西义县组和九佛堂组及其他相当地层,时代为早白垩世早期,以苏铁纲和松柏纲占主导地位。阜新植物群赋存于辽西的沙海组和阜新组及相当地层,以真蕨纲、银杏纲和松柏纲共同繁盛,苏铁纲和木贼目较丰富为特点。由早而晚可以进一步划分为Acanthopteris-Ginkgoco riacea组合、Ruffordia goepperti-Dryopterites组合和Ctenis lyrata-Chilinia组合,分别产于辽西的沙海组、阜新组中下部和阜新组上部。大砬子植物群产于吉林延吉盆地的大砬子组和松辽盆地的泉头组,被子植物占优势且掌鳞杉科丰富。南方植物地理区属于瓦赫拉梅耶夫的欧洲中国植物地理区的范畴,苏铁纲、鳞叶或锥叶型松柏和小羽片小而叶膜厚的真蕨类(主要是Cladophlebis)占主导地位,缺少银杏纲、真蕨纲的蚌壳蕨科及单缝孢类型等,为热带、亚热带植物群,可进一步划分为东部、西藏北部和中部3个亚区。其中,东部亚区滨邻古太平洋,以浙江、福建和山东莱阳盆地等的植物为代表,以鳞叶和锥叶型松柏与本内苏铁Ptilophyllum占优势。该亚区植物群可以进一步划分为3或4个植物组合,自早至晚包括Cupressinocladus-Pagiophyllum组合、Cladophlebis-Ptilophyllum组合、Ruffordia-Zamiophyllum组合和Suturovagina-Frenelopsis组合。西藏北部亚区邻近古特提斯洋东北岸,植物群与东部亚区的基本特点一致,但真蕨类更为繁盛,特别是海金沙科Klukia属和里白科的Gleichenites相当丰富,并有海金沙科的Scleropteris属和马通蕨科存在,裸子植物以苏铁纲为主,松柏纲相对较少,可进一步划分为两个组合。中部亚区介于上述两个亚区之间,由于气候干旱,植物群不发育,以甘肃酒泉盆地、民和盆地所产化石为代表,特点是鳞叶、锥叶型松柏类为主,掌鳞杉科较发育,其他类型罕见。藏南植物地理区属于澳大利亚植物地理区的范畴,只发现于喜玛拉雅地区。晚白垩世植物群只发现于东北、华南、西藏等地的少数地点和少数层位,研究程度较低,还不能进一步划分出植物地理区系和组合。以植物化石为主要依据,结合其他生物和非生物证据,建立了中国不同植物地理区白垩纪含植物化石的地层及相关地层的对比关系。 相似文献
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岷江上游干旱河谷灌丛研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岷江上游干旱河谷灌丛现代植物区系的基本特征是温带分布属占优势而含有较多的热带分布属,以及拥有许多古地中海残遗种和本地特有种,其与古地中海在时间上、与现代中亚(草原和荒漠)在空间上有着渊缘联系,热带属的种与温带荒漠、草原种在此巧妙地聚集和组合是干旱河谷的特有现象,它可能是古地中海植物区系的延续和残遗的反映,在某种意义上可能是历史植物区系的"活化石"。幽深而封闭的峡谷地貌和青藏高原亚热带山地半干旱的暖温气候,以及干燥而贫瘠的山地(碱性)灰褐土是干旱河谷灌丛生境的基本特征。土壤湿度(水分相对含量)和肥力(有机质相对含量)的梯度分析,显示出半干旱-半贫瘠的土壤为其代表性的也是主要的生境类型。一种既无乔木群落(森林)又无草本群落(草原或草甸),而仅有矮灌木和半灌木占优势的灌木群落(矮灌丛),盖满了干旱河谷沿岸干燥山坡的荒凉景观,是岷江上游干旱河谷自然植被的现状概貌和基本特征。干旱河谷灌丛形成于特定的生态环境和地质历史的时空中,是一种处于森林与草原之间的而近似于草原灌丛的隐域性(非地带性或超地带性)植被。其含有的众多中亚荒漠、草原种,在干旱河谷多为中生或中生耐旱特性。因此,干旱河谷灌丛不是草原也更不是荒漠,而是中国-喜马拉雅地区夏雨性的冬旱灌丛(群系纲),它与地中海型气候的冬雨性夏旱灌丛(群系纲:如地中海的Macehia和北美洲的Chaparral等)同属于干旱(季节性)灌丛植被型的两个群系纲(Formation class)。从干旱河谷灌丛数量分析的样地相关性半矩阵中,析出的具有三角形网眼的灌丛之群系关联网(Relative net)和群系之样地关联网,显示了灌丛核心群系和群系的典型样地在关联网中的相关位置。干旱河谷灌丛沿着地质历史的长河在地貌形成与演化过程中,大约在上新世(或许更早)青藏高原尚处于夷平面发育时期,早先的干热性古植被(森林草原)中,就可能已经孕育着干旱河谷灌丛的雏型,至少与邻近的横断山区干旱河谷及中亚的荒漠、草原区(或泛、古地中海区)拥有许多共有种,继而在整个第四纪中不断发展和逐渐形成。在全新世最新的深切河谷中生存着第三纪古老植被的残遗类型和衍生后裔,是现代干旱河谷灌丛起源古老的历史性反映和植被现状的基本特征,它应该是一种原生性的植被(或顶极群落)。建立封山、禁止放牧和樵采以及保护自然植被的有效管理机制,综合开发干旱河谷自然环境中水、热优势资源的直接和间接的多种效益,是岷江上游干旱河谷保护和建设生态环境与发展区域经济的基本途径。岷江上游干旱河谷灌丛拥有十分特殊的古老植物区系和非常稀有的原始植被类型,在有限的地域内保存着古地中海植物区系的残遗成分和衍生后裔,在广阔的湿润森林地带的特定环境中生存着典型的冬旱灌丛,这些都是十分宝贵而稀有的自然遗产,对于研究我国西部的历史植物区系和自然地理,以及保护和建设现代生态环境和区域经济,都有着非常宝贵的科学价值和十分重要的现实意义。因此,特建议在岷江上游干旱河谷划出一定的面积建立自然保护区。保护地段可选设在杂谷脑河的甘堡至龙溪地区(包括主要支流的一部分河段)和岷江干流的飞虹桥至黑水河的沙坝(干旱中心)地区。 相似文献
34.
This paper provides a brief introduction to the physical environment of Namaqualand as well as an overview of patterns of plant diversity. The diverse array of parent material and geological processes that have shaped the region since the break up of Gondwanaland have created a complex, and sometimes dynamic physical environment, that is partly responsible for the patterns and processes observed in the biota today. The contemporary climate is characterised by relatively reliable, albeit low (50–250 mm pa), winter rainfall (>60% winter precipitation) arriving between May and September. East of the central mountains, tropical thunderstorms penetrate the region in late summer (February–April). The presence of the cold Atlantic Ocean in the west not only moderates temperatures throughout Namaqualand (mean max summer temperature <30 °C), but also provides alternative sources of moisture in the form of coastal fog and heavy dew experienced in winter months. Recent analyses show that the flora of the Succulent Karoo is part of the Cape Floral Kingdom, now termed the Greater Cape Floral Kingdom. It is one of only two desert regions recognised as a global biodiversity hot-spot and contains an estimated 6356 plant species in 168 families and 1002 genera. Namaqualand, which comprises about one quarter of the area of the Succulent Karoo, contains about 3500 species in 135 families and 724 genera, with about 25% of this flora endemic to Namaqualand. This remarkable diversity, however, is not distributed evenly throughout the region, but is concentrated in many local centres of endemism usually associated either with quartzite mountain complexes or lag-gravel plains (quartz-patches). A major exception to the general pattern of centres of diversity is the true Fynbos vegetation of the highest Kamiesberg peaks where rainfall exceeds 400 mm pa. Suggested determinants of the region's exceptional floral diversity include the complex physical environment, a unique past and present climate and the region's diverse fauna, most notably insects. The challenge for the current inhabitants and scientists working in the region is to develop a better understanding of this ecosystem so that they will be equipped to deal with the challenges posed by the demands for land and the prospect of global climate change. 相似文献
35.
华夏植物群的起源问题，国内外有不同认识。笔者根据研究工作的成果并参考大量中外文献资料，提出华夏植物群起源于早石炭世晚期（维宪期至纳缕尔Ａ期）的新认识，自中石炭世￣①早期（纳缪尔８－Ｃ期）已成为独特的植物群；同时认为它并非由欧美植物群发展而来，二者均源于拟鳞木植物群，分别在各自所处的环境中平行演化而形成。 相似文献
36.
以晋祠段为代表的中国斯蒂芬期植物群与欧美同期植物群有许多相同分子，但其中地方性植物分子比重较大，应属早期华夏植物群的一部分．该植物群与以太原组中上部为代表的Ｎｅｕｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｖａｔａ－Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｐｏｓｔｈｕｍｉｉ组合也存在一定差别，表现在典型的华夏植物群的重要成员尚未出现． 相似文献
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分析了丰宁试验区植物区系、植被类型、植物资源及其利用状况后认为：丰宁试验区植物区系成份具有内蒙古草原植物区系成份的特点。但植被类型较复杂、植物种类组成较丰富、特别是具有一些天然林类型。此外，在区系植物组成中蔷薇科植物的地位突出，而藜科植物的地位降低，说明植被也有明显的过渡特征。可供利用的植物资源如观赏植物、药用植物和牧草资源较丰富，具有开发潜力。但由于超载过牧，导致９０％以上的草地退化，退化程度主要以轻度和中度为主，退化形式主要是河滩草甸盐渍化，丘陵缓坡草地沙质化，山地草地砾质化。 相似文献
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In the past decade, polar bears have become the poster species of climate change. But in March 2013, a joint proposal by the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation to up-list polar bears to Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) diverted public attention from climate change towards the hunting of polar bears. Prior to a vote on the proposal, non-governmental organisations spear-headed a media campaign to support the up-listing. In the United Kingdom the campaign received support from celebrities and was widely reported in English language news media. Narratives of commercial legal and illegal polar bear hunting and the imminent extinction of polar bears were aggressively promoted, rhetorically supported by the manipulation of trade and scientific data. By rendering discourses of commercial hunting and a lucrative global trade in polar bear parts highly visible, sustainable hunting and climate change-induced habitat loss were rendered invisible. Media reports of commercial hunting de-coupled polar bear conservation from climate change mitigation, and disassociated polar bear hunting from regulated indigenous subsistence practices. A review of current polar bear conservation measures and an analysis of media coverage leading up to the CITES decision reveal these conflicting discourses, and suggest that more nuanced media coverage of polar bear conservation is necessary if appropriate multilateral conservation policies are to be enacted and publicly supported. 相似文献