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31.
Daohan Zhang Junhao Wei Lebing Fu Huayong Chen Jun Tan Yanjun Li Wenjie Shi Ning Tian 《Geological Journal》2015,50(2):122-138
Zircon U–Pb ages, major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Hf isotope compositions of the Changboshan‐Xieniqishan (CX) intrusion from the Great Xing'an Range (GXAR), northeastern China, were studied to investigate its derivation, evolution and geodynamic significance. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb dating yields an emplacement age of 161 ± 2 Ma for the CX intrusion. Bulk‐rock analyses show that this intrusion is characterized by high SiO2, Na2O and K2O, but low MgO, CaO and P2O5. They are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, with marked Eu anomalies (mostly from 0.36 to 0.65), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Most samples have relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.70423–0.70457), with εNd(t) fluctuating between −0.4 and 2.3. The εHf(t) for zircons varies from 5.4 to 8.7. Sr–Nd isotope modelling results, in combination with young Nd and Hf model ages (760–986 and 549–728 Ma, respectively) and the presence of relict zircons, indicate that the CX intrusion may originate from the partial melting of juvenile crust, with minor contamination of recycled crustal components, and then underwent extensive fractional crystallization of K‐feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, sphene, apatite, zircon and allanite. Considering the widespread presence of granitoids with coeval volcanic rocks, we contend that the CX intrusion formed in an extensional environment related to the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle induced by the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific plate, rather than a lithospheric delamination model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
32.
The Marcona–Mina Justa deposit cluster, hosted by Lower Paleozoic metaclastic rocks and Middle Jurassic shallow marine andesites,
incorporates the most important known magnetite mineralization in the Andes at Marcona (1.9 Gt at 55.4% Fe and 0.12% Cu) and
one of the few major iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits with economic Cu grades (346.6 Mt at 0.71% Cu, 3.8 g/t Ag and
0.03 g/t Au) at Mina Justa. The Middle Jurassic Marcona deposit is centred in Ica Department, Perú, and the Lower Cretaceous
Mina Justa Cu (Ag, Au) prospect is located 3–4 km to the northeast. New fluid inclusion studies, including laser ablation
time-of-flight inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-ICPMS) analysis, integrated with sulphur, oxygen, hydrogen
and carbon isotope analyses of minerals with well-defined paragenetic relationships, clarify the nature and origin of the
hydrothermal fluid responsible for these contiguous but genetically contrasted deposits. At Marcona, early, sulphide-free
stage M-III magnetite–biotite–calcic amphibole assemblages are inferred to have crystallized from a 700–800°C Fe oxide melt
with a δ18O value from +5.2‰ to +7.7‰. Stage M-IV magnetite–phlogopite–calcic amphibole–sulphide assemblages were subsequently precipitated
from 430–600°C aqueous fluids with dominantly magmatic isotopic compositions (δ34S = +0.8‰ to +5.9‰; δ18O = +9.6‰ to +12.2‰; δD = −73‰ to −43‰; and δ13C = −3.3‰). Stages M-III and M-IV account for over 95% of the magnetite mineralization at Marcona. Subsequent non-economic,
lower temperature sulphide–calcite–amphibole assemblages (stage M-V) were deposited from fluids with similar δ34S (+1.8‰ to +5.0‰), δ18O (+10.1‰ to +12.5‰) and δ13C (−3.4‰), but higher δD values (average −8‰). Several groups of lower (<200°C, with a mode at 120°C) and higher temperature
(>200°C) fluids can be recognized in the main polymetallic (Cu, Zn, Pb) sulphide stage M-V and may record the involvement
of modified seawater. At Mina Justa, early magnetite–pyrite assemblages precipitated from a magmatic fluid (δ34S = +0.8‰ to +3.9‰; δ18O = +9.5‰ to +11.5‰) at 540–600°C, whereas ensuing chalcopyrite–bornite–digenite–chalcocite–hematite–calcite mineralization
was the product of non-magmatic, probably evaporite-sourced, brines with δ34S ≥ +29‰, δ18O = 0.1‰ and δ13C = −8.3‰. Two groups of fluids were involved in the Cu mineralization stage: (1) Ca-rich, low-temperature (approx. 140°C)
and high-salinity, plausibly a basinal brine and (2) Na (–K)-dominant with a low-temperature (approx. 140°C) and low-salinity
probably meteoric water. LA-TOF-ICPMS analyses show that fluids at the magnetite–pyrite stage were Cu-barren, but that those
associated with external fluids in later stages were enriched in Cu and Zn, suggesting such fluids could have been critical
for the economic Cu mineralization in Andean IOCG deposits. 相似文献
33.
为保护长江生态环境,近年来,中国地质调查局组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”。通过采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要成果和认识: ①初步构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务平台,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出相关建议; ②创新地将“光纤技术”应用于地面沉降和地裂缝监测,相关成果引领了光纤监测技术发展; ③编制了1:5万比例尺的环境地质调查技术标准和要求; ④创新形成了3个层次环境地质调查合作机制,探索建立了3种尺度资源环境承载能力评价方法体系和大流域环境地质工作模式; ⑤建立了江汉平原地球关键带监测网络,编制了平原区地球关键带调查技术方法指南; ⑥提出了长江流域重大水利工程与生态地质环境多元响应研究思路,创新构建了一套多模态传感器调查系统,提出了重大水利工程对地质环境影响新判断; ⑦建立了长江中下游不同沉积单元区第四纪地层多重划分对比序列,构建了重点地区第四系三维地质结构模型,提出了长江贯通时限和演化新认识; ⑧编制了流域、经济区和城市系列地质调查报告和图集,成果转化与服务成效显著。该工程进展及成果提升了长江经济带地质调查工作水平,可为区域国土空间规划、绿色生态廊道打造、立体交通走廊建设、产业转型升级、新型城镇化建设以及脱贫攻坚工作等提供科技支撑。 相似文献
34.
The seasonal variabilities of a latent-heat flux (LHF), a sensible-heat flux (SHF) and net surface heat flux are examined in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), including their spatial characteristics, using the in situ data collected by ship from 2006 to 2007. The spatial distribution of LHF in the NSCS is mostly controlled by wind in summer and autumn owing to the lower vertical gradient of air humidity, but is influenced by both wind and near-surface air humidity vertical gradient in spring and winter. The largest area-averaged LHF is in autumn, with the value of 197.25 W/m 2 , followed by that in winter; the third and the forth are in summer and spring, respectively. The net heat flux is positive in spring and summer, so the NSCS absorbs heat; and the solar shortwave radiation plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. In autumn and winter, the net heat flux is negative in most of the observation region, so the NSCS loses heat; and the LHF plays the most important role in the surface heat budget. The net heating is mainly a result of the offsetting between heating due to the shortwave radiation and cooling due to the LHF and the upward (outgoing) long wave radiation, since the role of SHF is negligible. The ratio of the magnitudes of the three terms (shortwave radiation to LHF to long-wave radiation) averaged over the entire year is roughly 3:2:1, and the role of SHF is the smallest. 相似文献
35.
川藏公路培龙沟路段堆积物的分形特征及其地质意义 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
川藏公路培龙沟路段有多种不同类型的堆积物。本文应用分形理论,探讨了培龙沟路段泥石流堆积物、冰碛堆积物、冲洪积堆积物以及坡积或者残坡积物的分形特征。通过粒度分析法计算出不同类型堆积物的粒度分维,得到泥石流堆积物分维最大,冰碛堆积物分维较大,坡积或者残坡积堆积物较小,冲积物或者洪积物分维最小的规律。最后系统论述了堆积物粒度分维的地质意义,认为堆积物粒度分维是对堆积物物质组成的复杂性和自组织性、堆积物形成过程和形成时间以及泥石流、冰川、河流和洪水等搬运能力和运动过程的反映和度量。该研究为野外不同类型堆积物的区分、成因、形成过程等研究提供了一种新的方法,具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
36.
长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程进展与主要成果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为保护长江生态环境,近年来,中国地质调查局组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”。通过采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要成果和认识: ①初步构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务平台,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出相关建议; ②创新地将“光纤技术”应用于地面沉降和地裂缝监测,相关成果引领了光纤监测技术发展; ③编制了1:5万比例尺的环境地质调查技术标准和要求; ④创新形成了3个层次环境地质调查合作机制,探索建立了3种尺度资源环境承载能力评价方法体系和大流域环境地质工作模式; ⑤建立了江汉平原地球关键带监测网络,编制了平原区地球关键带调查技术方法指南; ⑥提出了长江流域重大水利工程与生态地质环境多元响应研究思路,创新构建了一套多模态传感器调查系统,提出了重大水利工程对地质环境影响新判断; ⑦建立了长江中下游不同沉积单元区第四纪地层多重划分对比序列,构建了重点地区第四系三维地质结构模型,提出了长江贯通时限和演化新认识; ⑧编制了流域、经济区和城市系列地质调查报告和图集,成果转化与服务成效显著。该工程进展及成果提升了长江经济带地质调查工作水平,可为区域国土空间规划、绿色生态廊道打造、立体交通走廊建设、产业转型升级、新型城镇化建设以及脱贫攻坚工作等提供科技支撑。 相似文献
37.
Zhang Hucai Chang Fengqin Duan Lizeng Li Huayong Zhang Yunying Meng Hongwei Wen Xinyu Wu Han Lu Zhiming Bi Rongxin Zhang Yang Zhao Shuaiying Kang Wengang 《地球科学进展》2017,32(6):651-659
In order to understand the seasonal change tendencies of the water quality of the Lake Dian (Dianchi), the monitoring data from April to September 2015 at four sites distributed in the central part from North to south were analyzed, these data includes the profiles of the water temperature (Temperature or Temp.), Dissolved Oxygen content (DO), pH values, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phycocyanin (PC) and Conductivity (CD). At the same time, the Cyanophyte Relative Quantity Index (CRQI) was calculated based on the contents of Phycocyanin and Chlorophyll-a. The results demonstrate that along with the air temperature increase, the water temperature also increased step by step from April and May, and reach the maximum in June, from July to September, the water temperature kept relatively stable and decrease steadily. It also shows that the water temperature is not only various with different water depth, but also show that the temperature increase at different speed, even generally show that the surface temperature increase more rapidly than the deep water. The water temperature and its changes may adjust the air temperature of Kunming strongly and therefore, it is important for the forming of the Four Springs City of Kunming. We found that the amount of eukaryotes represented by Chlorophyll-a increased quickly and reach the highest level in the April, but the blue-green algae, which represented by the Phycocyanin is blooming in the September. This might imply that when the blue-green algae dominated the algae, the algae blooming occur. This is of great importance to understand the algae blooming processes in Lake Dian. We hope the further monitoring will provide us more detailed and useful information. Mean while, the changes of DO, pH and CD all have shown their unique that inspire us to continue the lake water monitoring. This monitoring work also proves that the single site measurements cannot provide any reliable and useful information about the lake water quality. More detailed and sustained monitoring works need to be done before we have a fully understanding on the changes of the lake water quality. 相似文献
38.
基于水动力条件的矿山泥石流成因与特征——以石棉县后沟为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川省石棉县后沟是一条典型的高频矿山泥石流沟,坡面矿渣面蚀、沟道矿渣揭底和沟口尾矿侧蚀溃决是泥石流发生的三种主要成因.水动力条件通过对矿渣提供方式的影响而导致矿山泥石流在成因、规模等方面的差异.计算表明,单纯洪水难以对后沟尾矿库稳定性构成威胁,＜10 a一遇泥石流主要由坡面矿渣面蚀和沟道矿渣揭底引发,流量＜79 m3/s,沟口尾矿库基本不参与泥石流活动,泥石流规模以小型为主;10 a一遇和更大规模泥石流开始侧蚀尾矿坝,尾矿失稳垮塌补给泥石流,泥石流规模以中型甚至大型为主;后沟矿山泥石流特征主要表现为物源补给的集中性与固定性,形成过程的易发性与频发性,运动过程的单调性与重复性,成灾过程的相互性与链式性以及防治过程的可控性与多元性五个方面. 相似文献
39.
带周期项的海平面变化灰色分析模型及广西海平面变化分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
提出了一种带周期项的海平面变化灰色分析模型.该模型保持了GM(1,1)模型能较好反应海平面变化趋势的优点,不仅能求出海平面变化速率,还能方便求出海平面变化的加速度,同时,该模型能较好的模拟海平面变化中的周期现象,从而克服了GM(1,1)不能预报周期性显著的月平均海面的缺点,并提高了预报精度.模型用于广西沿岸海平面变化分析,结果表明北海、涸洲、白龙尾3站的相对海平面上升速率分别为1.67、2.51、0.89mm/a;石头埠相对海平面呈下降趋势,下降速率为0.5～1.0mm/a;广西沿岸绝对海平面上升速率为2.0mm/a.和线性趋势项与周期项叠加的海平面分析模型相比,两者模拟精度相当. 相似文献
40.
A~as~Sof~~LIngeneral,sealevelisresolvedintOatrendtermplusaPeriedictermintheanalysisofsealevelvdriations(haetal.1996;ZuoandChen,1996;QinandLi,1997;Zhengetal.,1993;RenandZhang,1993),namely,thetimeequencesofmonthlyorannualmeansealevely(o)(t)canbeexpr~asy(o)(t)=T(o)(t) p(o)(t) X(o)(t) .(o)(t),(l)whereT(o)(t)isadefinitetrendterm;p(o)(t)isadefiniteperiedicterm;X(o)(t)isatimeseriesofrandomterm;a(o)(t)iswhitenoise.Thefunctionstructuresofthetrendtermaregenerallyunknown,whiledeterminingthetrendter… 相似文献