Prudhoe湾油田利用微生物控制石蜡沥青的先导试验     

Ferg.  KR 涂文利 《国外石油地质》1997,(4):42-52

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Age and Origin of Paleogene Granitoids from Western Yunnan Province, China: Geochemistry, SHRIMP Zircon Ages, and Hf-in-Zircon Isotopic Compositions     

SHI Yuruo  WU Zhonghai  Alfred KR?NER  FAN Taoyuan  YANG Zhenyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1601-1615

We report geochemical data, SHRIMP zircon ages and Hf-in-zircon isotopic compositions for Cenozoic granitoids from major fault systems in the Tethyan belt in western Yunnan Province, southwestern China.Four magmatic pulses occurred in the Paleogene, namely at ca.57 Ma, ca.50 Ma, 45–40 Ma, and 38–34 Ma.Early magmatism of this episode(57–50 Ma) produced S-type granites whose zircons yielded εHf(t) values of-5.0 to-0.3.In contrast, late magmatism of this episode reflects heterogeneous sources.Zircons from a granite porphyry along the Ailaoshan-Red River fault system have slightly positive εHf(t) values suggesting derivation from relatively young crust and/or a juvenile source.However, zircons from a granite along the Gaoligong fault system have strongly negative εHf(t) values and suggest derivation from a Paleoproterozoic crustal source.The composition of the granitoids varies with age(from ca.57 Ma to ca.34 Ma) from peraluminous to metaluminous and also suggests a change from syn-collisional to late-orogenic tectonic setting.A new tectonic model, impacting lithospheric wedge(ILW) is shown for the origin of Paleogene granitoids in this paper.  相似文献   

Early Palaeozoic Deep Subduction of Continental Crust in the Kyrgyz North Tianshan: Evidence from Field Relationships and Geochronology     

KR?NER A  ROJAS-AGRAMONTE Y  HERWARTZ D  CORSINI M  ALEXEIEV D.V. 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z2):36-36

<正>High-and ultrahigh-pressure(UHP)eclogite-bearing metamorphic assemblages in the North Tianshan of Kyrgyzstan contain eclogite-bearing garnet amphibolites interlayered with phengite-beearing granitoid gneisses.The mafic rocks were previously interpreted as remnants of a Precambrianm ophiolite,but field relationships clearly  相似文献   

Use of N stable isotope and microbial analyses to define wastewater influence in Mobile Bay, AL     

Daskin JH  Calci KR  Burkhardt W  Carmichael RH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(5):860-868

We assessed short-term ecological and potential human health effects of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) effluent by measuring δ¹⁵N‰ and microbial concentrations in oysters and suspended particulate matter (SPM). We also tested male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) as an alternative to fecal coliforms, to assess potential influence of wastewater contamination on shellfish. WTP effluent did not affect oyster growth or survival, but SPM and oysters acquired wastewater-specific δ¹⁵N‰. δ¹⁵N values were depleted near the WTP, typical of low-level processed wastewater. Fecal coliform and MSB concentrations were higher in samples taken closest to the WTP, and MSB values were significantly correlated with δ¹⁵N‰ in oyster tissues. Overall, oysters demonstrated relatively rapid integration and accumulation of wastewater-specific δ¹⁵N‰ and indicator microorganisms compared to water samples. These data suggest oysters were superior sentinels compared to water, and MSB was a more reliable indicator of wastewater influence on shellfish than fecal coliforms.  相似文献   

美国主要金、银、铜、铅、锌矿床     

Long  KR Ludin.  S 《贵金属地质》2000,9(4):240-252

美国地质调查局对美国大约99％的原始资源量在2t以上的金矿,８５t以上的银矿,５０００t以上的铜矿、３０００0t以上的铅矿和５００００t以上的锌矿进行了统计,从１９９６年的全国产资源评价开始,美国地调局系统地建立了这些矿床的数据库,统称为主“主要”矿床,截止至１９９６年１２月３１日,该数据库已收录了１１１８条单个矿床或矿区的记录,对于这种规模的数据主加的维护,更新和分析要比管理诸如“矿产资源数据系统”和“业地区系统”等超过１０００００条记录的数据库容易得多,然而这个主要矿床数据库却包含了美国这几种金属矿床几乎所有的历史产量和已查明的保有资源量,约有３０％的金,２２％的银,４２％的铜,３９％的铅和４６％的锌产于二战后发现的矿床中,即使在一个主要矿床发数据库中,也存在个别矿床中的历史产量及保有资源量分布不均匀的现象,每一种金属的最大１０个矿床分别拥有了美国１／３的金、６０％的角、６８％的铜,８５％的铅和７５％的锌产量,从查明的保有资源量上看,最大的１０个矿床分别占有４３％的金,５６％的银,４８％的铜,９４％的铅和７２％的锌,每一种金属的主要矿床是查明资源要低于１９９６年全国矿产资源评价对未发现矿床资源量估计的平均值,已查明资源量与累积的历史产量大体相当,假设未发现矿床中也有基本相同的资源量比例,将有大量的主要矿床有待发现。  相似文献   

Degradation rates of low molecular weight PAH correlate with sediment TOC in marine subtidal sediments   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hinga KR 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(4):466-474

The degradation rate of low molecular weight (LMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in subtidal marine sediments was found to correlate with sediment total organic carbon (TOC) in stations sampled two or more times after the North Cape No. 2 fuel oil spill. With 2.5-5 months between samplings, stations with lower sediment TOC had lower fractions of LMW PAH remaining at the time of the second sampling. Apparent first-order degradation rate constants calculated for each station varied by nearly an order of magnitude between stations with a range of TOC from 0.4% to 7.3%. The correlation of degradation rate with sediment TOC can be used to provide improved and site-specific predictions of the initial time-course of LMW PAH concentrations in sediments after oil spills.  相似文献   

Toxicity comparison of biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants used in oil spill remediation to two estuarine species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edwards KR  Lepo JE  Lewis MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(10):1309-1316

The relative environmental toxicities of synthetic and biogenic surfactants used in oil spill remediation efforts are not well understood. Acute and chronic toxicities of three synthetic surfactants and three microbiologically produced surfactants were determined and compared in this study for the estuarine epibenthic invertebrate, Mysidopsis bahia and the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina. The toxicities of the surfactant were determined in standard laboratory static and static-renewal tests of 4-7 d duration. Results were specific to the surfactant, response parameter and test species. The LC50 values (nominal concentrations) for M. bahia ranged from 3.3 mg/l (Triton X-100) to >1000 mg/l (PES-61) and 2.5 mg/l (Triton X-100) to 413.6 mg/l (PES-61) for M. beryllina. Chronic first-effect concentrations (mg/l) for the six surfactants ranged from 2.3 to 465.0 (M. beryllina) and 1.0 to >1000.0 (M. bahia) based on reductions in growth and fecundity. Few generalizations could be made concerning the results due to their variability but M. bahia was generally the more sensitive species and the toxicities of the biosurfactants were intermediate to those of the synthetic surfactants.  相似文献   

Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: PART II - A comparison of lingering Exxon Valdez oil with other potential sources of CYP1A inducers in Prince William Sound, Alaska   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Short JW  Springman KR  Lindeberg MR  Holland LG  Larsen ML  Sloan CA  Khan C  Hodson PV  Rice SD 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(5):487-498

We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts prior to clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally.  相似文献   

圣本多细菌氧化（BIO）计划南美采用细菌氧化作用...     

Sutt.  KR 杨玉波 《世界地质》1992,11(4):109-113

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正向和斜向裂谷作用实验模型     

McCl.  KR 吴李泉 《世界地质》1997,16(1):30-38

砂箱实验模拟了正向和外向裂谷的三维演化过程，裂谷作用的方位角α（α为裂谷轴和伸展方向之间的夹角）分别取90°（正向裂谷）、75°、60和45°（斜向裂谷）。实验模型分别在水平和垂向上做切面。正向裂谷模型以长、直的边界断层和内断层与拉伸方向正交为特征。外向裂谷模型以短、分段的边界断层和内部断层为特征。在科向裂谷模型中，边界断层呈雁行排列，并与基底伸展带平行；裂谷内断层与伸展方向大角度相交。在中度外向和斜向裂谷（α＝60°和45°）中，随着拉伸量的增加，裂谷内断层朝着平行于边界断层方向发生旋转。在所有实验中都没有发现走滑或斜滑断层。所有模型中，裂谷边界断层和内部断层沿走向分段，在断层重叠部位形成中继断坡构造。共轭正断层组成的调节带能够实现裂谷系统走向方向上半地堑不对称性的转变和沉降中心的错开。实验产生的断层样式可与现代年轻裂谷中断层样式进行很好的对比，在这些现代裂谷中，也没有发现由基底控制的走滑或科滑转换断层。实验模型得出断层的几何形态可以作为识别正向和斜向裂谷中断层样式的样板。  相似文献