排序方式： 共有34条查询结果，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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汞是煤中普遍存在的痕量元素,煤炭消耗总量之巨使燃煤成为全球汞污染主要来源之一。汞具有7种稳定同位素,
并且兼具质量分馏和非质量分馏效应,使通过汞同位素对涉煤汞污染源和汞迁移、转化示踪成为理想途径。煤中汞同位素
研究获得长足进展。第一,初步给出了世界11个产煤国煤中汞同位素δ202Hg的特征值及分布范围,为示踪环境介质汞的燃
煤源污染源创造了条件。第二,发现了原煤中汞存在奇数质量汞的非质量分馏效应（Δ199Hg≠0）,有助于配合δ202Hg开展示
踪研究。第三,中国不同产煤地及不同成煤期原煤中汞同位素δ202Hg与Δ199Hg值已被测试,为中国开展煤源汞污染示踪研究
打下一定基础。进一步工作可能有待加强的4个方面：（1） 全球不同地域和时代煤中汞同位素数据库的不断补充、修正和
完善;（2） 煤炭生产遗存物,如残留煤和煤矸石等与气-水环境相互作用中的汞同位素问题;（3） 燃煤派生的且影响人类
健康的环境介质如大气细颗粒物（PM2.5） 的汞同位素问题;（4） 涉及煤火汞的迁移转化是复杂的,部分汞具有二次释放特
性,其中汞同位素问题仍是未知的。总之煤中汞及其关联的汞同位素研究方兴未艾。 相似文献
32.
Qingquan Liu Yuanping Cheng Kan Jin Qingyi Tu Wei Zhao Rong Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(4):173
Underground borehole drilling usually causes instability in the surrounding coal due to in situ stress redistribution (including stress concentration and stress release). However, the mechanisms of unloading-induced coal strength reduction are still poorly understood. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of confining pressure unloading on soft coal strength reduction for borehole stability analysis. A series of mechanical tests were conducted on both the traditionally and newly reconstituted coal samples under two different experimental stress paths, including conventional uniaxial/triaxial compression and triaxial compression with confining pressure unloading. The unloading stress path was obtained by analyzing the stress redistribution around a borehole, to capture a more accurate coal mechanical response. According to our experimental results, plastic deformation generated before failure under the unloading stress path is smaller than that generated under the conventional loading stress path. Furthermore, the cohesion of the traditionally and newly reconstituted samples diminishes approximately by 44.77 and 29.66%, respectively, with confining pressure unloading, indicating that there is a significant reduction in coal strength due to confining pressure unloading. The mechanism for unloading-induced coal strength reduction comes from confining pressure unloading-induced increase in shear stress on the fracture surface and a decrease in shear strength. This effect increases the shear slipping potential, whose driving force generates tension fractures at both ends of the preexisting fractures. 相似文献
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适宜的生态水位能够反映湖区生态系统的多种需求,是湖泊长期稳定健康运转的基本保障. 目前湖泊适宜生态水位的推求大多侧重恢复天然水位情势. 然而过水型湖泊承担着防洪、供水、航运等多种功能,频繁的人类活动导致湖泊水位情势异常复杂. 同时随着社会经济的快速发展,水质恶化对过水型湖泊生态系统造成了较大的负面影响,仅恢复天然水位情势难以反映过水型湖泊的生态需求. 因此,在IHA-RVA法的基础上,本文针对过水型湖泊吞吐性强的特点,利用水质-水位二元响应关系系统地提出了一套逐月修正过水型湖泊适宜生态水位阈值,并确定适宜水位变动率的方法. 以洪泽湖为应用实例,结果表明：1)根据湖泊水文情势和入湖污染物变化情况,湖泊调度周期可以划分为平水期(1—4月)、泄水期(5—6月)、蓄水前期(7—9月)和蓄水后期(10—12月);2)各时期内,洪泽湖水位和水质呈现较强的相关性,其中平水期、泄水期和蓄水后期水质均随着水位上升而下降,平均Pearson系数达-0.77,仅在蓄水前期水质随水位上升而改善;3)现阶段洪泽湖的自净能力和污染物滞留比例竞争关系激烈,逐月适宜生态水位阈值为：12.92~12.99、12.79~12.99、12.84~12.99、12.86~12.99、12.71~12.89、12.39~12.63、11.97~12.93、12.50~13.07、12.65~13.26、12.90~13.04、12.90~13.04、12.90~13.04 m,除蓄水前期外,基于水位水质关系修正的适宜生态水位范围较IHA-RVA法计算的天然水位范围缩小了73.4 %. 总体而言,基于本文方法设计的湖泊适宜生态水位不仅可以满足生态系统对于水体大小的需求,一定程度上也可以体现湖泊生态系统对于水质的要求,为洪泽湖等过水型湖泊的生态调度、水资源管理提供科学依据. 相似文献