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31.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):471-477
Abstract With the publication of Geography for Life: National Geography Standards 1994 in October 1994, geography has taken a big stride forward in demonstrating to teachers the breadth and significance of its discipline. This talk focuses on three aspects of geographic reality in the lives of teachers and students, under the title of “The Geographic Imperative.” Consideration of the Imperative and three axioms is intended to support the fullness and classroom utility of the Geography Standards. 相似文献
32.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):99-109
33.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):280-285
Abstract Successful curriculum development that will have impact upon individual American classrooms remains the key to maintaining the momentum of Geography for Life: National Geography Standards 1994. Teachers and students must be able to translate the national geography standards from the national stage to the local classroom setting to become geographically informed people. One example of this development for elementary urban geography is the Main Street lesson plan. It encourages observation and analysis required by Standard 4: The geographically informed student knows and understands the physical and human characteristics of places. After testing in a variety of Missouri classrooms, instructors thought that Main Street was a unique way of studying urban places and allowing students to gain a greater understanding of place. 相似文献
34.
Using Action Research to Implement the National Geography Standards: Teachers as Researchers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):103-111
Abstract Action research is defined as systematic classroom-based inquiry to solve teacher-perceived problems. It has been a component of education, particularly professional staff development, for the past century under several names although geography educators in the United States have rarely used it for this, or any other, purpose. This paper reviews the literature on action research in order to argue for its use in geography education. A preliminary exploration of action research-based professional staff development is described. The results of the project indicate that action research is potentially useful as a way to guide teachers to reflect on their practice. It is argued that geography educators should include it in their repertoire of reform techniques. 相似文献
35.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4):162-163
Abstract This article summarizes methods used in a secondary school geography class to interest students in geography through examples drawn from local geography. Instead of relying on examples taken from exotic places to illustrate geographic concepts, the local landscape is used in the classroom to teach students about geography. The article is arranged according to the six essential elements of the National Geography Standards, but it does not imply that the methods presented should be used to teach the standards. Rather, the examples presented are used throughout a course in the geography of North and South America to develop an interest among students and, with examples from the local landscape, to increase student understanding of geographic concepts related to issues presented in the course. 相似文献
36.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):482-486
Abstract Improving preservice education, especially geography preservice education, is difficult because few geography faculty understand the teacher education process, many education professors who prepare geography teachers are not geographically well-educated, education and geography faculties do not communicate effectively, and efforts by alliances and other organizations have focused on inservice teachers, for the most part. Recommendations to improve preservice education in geography are offered. The authors argue that none of these recommendations should be implemented without considering its relationship with all of the components of the geography education system. 相似文献
37.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):501-504
Abstract The teacher certification process is complex, confusing, and important. After explaining the fundamentals of certification, this article suggests pragmatic strategies geographers can use to influence state certification procedures and requirements. The most effective way to change certification guidelines in order to require more geography for preservice teachers may be to change the problems certification guidelines are intended to solve. However, it is important to remember that more geography and better education are not synonymous phrases. 相似文献
38.
In compilation of 1: 50 000 hydrogeological map, Some principles which are suitable for hydrogeological characteristics in China have been defined. Groundwater development and protection have been regarded as equally important. Some key problems such as classification of water-bearing formation, water yield property, color system and color scale of water yield property of water-bearing formation, expression of groundwater system, expression of hydrogeological parameters have been solved. This standardizing work can lay solid foundation for integration of 1: 50 000 synthetic hydrogeological map achievement and data, so as to broaden the service areas of hydrogeological survey. 相似文献
39.
In this paper we examine the possibility of adopting standards within the context of radio astronomy and the benefits to be derived thereby. In particular we consider the application of standards within the three areas of the receiver hardware, the control and communication between different parts of the observing system, and the interface with the astronomer. The adoption of such standards will increase flexibility of observing systems, allow the easy interchange of equipment between observatories and greatly simplify guest observing. In this paper we will only consider the application of standards within the field of millimetre-wave and sub-millimetre-wave single dish astronomy. However, the principle can be easily extended to other astronomical wavebands. We describe some current developments at the Onsala Space Observatory which illustrate the proposed philosophy and show how such standards may be implemented. Naturally, the detailed definition of such standards would have to be agreed in conjunction with other interested astronomical institutions. 相似文献
40.
Daniel Hartmann 《Sedimentary Geology》2007,202(3):383-401
This paper deals with key issues concerning operationalism and the value chain in particle-size analysis (PSA), and addresses conceptual problems of PSA measurement. In order to obtain the highest quality of information contained in a set of sediment samples, one has to follow an approach called operationalism, i.e. a set of recipe-like sequential operations by which a scientific proposition can be verified or rejected. Review of the literature indicates that particle sizing as a methodology suffers from excessive verbosity and professional jargon, and has never really matured. Is the PSA crisis a result of a fundamental failure of concepts and paradigms, or is it just a technical problem related to work methods? Although PSA is fundamental to the understanding of sedimentary processes, as well as being a basic tool in earth sciences and engineering, there is still no generally accepted and standardized mode of operationalism after more than a century of intensive scientific work. The sedimentological community is called upon to come up with a unified and standardized approach. 相似文献