２００２年海南一次非热带气旋暴雨成因分析     

吴春娃  赵付竹  王凡 《陕西气象》2011,(2):1-3

本文对2008年8月10日出现在北京首都机场的一次暴雨天气过程,从天气形势、物理量场、卫星产品、雷达资料等多方面进行了分析,结果表明,此次强降水发生在高空有利的环流背景下,锋面抬升、高低层温度差动平流、中层辐合、中低层风切变、中层暖干盖的存在以及副高的维持均为强降水的产生提供了有利条件。  相似文献   

近55年来宾市雷暴日数特征分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

黄翠珍  黄芳  李荣迪 《气象研究与应用》2011,32(3):88-91

采用1956～2010年广西来宾市国家基本气象站常规地面气象观测资料,对雷暴日数特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,来宾市年雷暴日数在46～106d,年平均雷暴日数为72．4d;来宾市一年中任何一天都有可能出现雷暴天气,其中6、7、8月雷暴日数最多,约占全年雷暴日数的57．4％。小波分析显示,来宾年雷暴活动具有较强的9年周期...  相似文献   

山西省雷暴日时空分布特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨世刚 《山西气象》2006,(4):28-29,46

利用山西省108个气象站1971年～2000年30a地面气候资料,对山西省平均雷暴日的时空特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:山西省平均雷暴日数总体上为北部多,南部少,东部山区多,中西部盆地和山区少。大同北部,朔州、忻州西部,五台山,晋中的榆社,阳泉的盂县为雷暴多发区,而运城为雷暴发生最少的区域;但各月分布存在明显的差异。夏季为雷暴高发季节,7月最易发生雷暴。  相似文献   

Relationships between lightning activity and various thundercloud parameters: satellite and modelling studies     

M. B. Baker  A. M. Blyth  H. J. Christian  J. Latham  K. L. Miller  A. M. Gadian 《Atmospheric Research》1999,51(3-4)

The lightning frequency model developed by Baker et al. [Baker, M.B., Christian, H.J., Latham, J., 1995. A computational study of the relationships linking lightning frequency and other thundercloud parameters, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 1525–1548] has been refined and extended, in an effort to provide a more realistic framework from which to examine computationally the relationships that might exist between lightning frequency f (which is now being routinely measured from a satellite, using the NASA/MSFC Optical Transient Detector (OTD)) and a variety of cloud physical parameters. Specifically, superior or more comprehensive representations were utilised of: (1) glaciation via the Hallett–Mossop (H–M) process; (2) the updraught structure of the model cloud; (3) the liquid-water-content structure of the model cloud; (4) the role of the reversal temperature T_rev in influencing lightning characteristics; (5) the critical breakdown field for lightning initiation; and (6) the electrical characteristics of the ice crystal anvil of the model cloud. Although our extended studies yielded some new insights into the problem, the basic pattern of relationships between f and the other parameters was very close to that reported by Baker et al. (1995). The more elaborate treatment of T_rev restricted somewhat the range of conditions under which reverse-polarity lightning could be produced if the cloud glaciated via H–M, but confirmed the earlier conclusion that such lightning would not occur if the glaciation was of the Fletcher type. The computations yielded preliminary support for the hypothesis that satellite measurements of f might be used to determine values of the ice-content of cumulonimbus anvils: a parameter of climatological importance. The successful launch and continuing satisfactory functioning of the OTD [Christian, H.J., Goodman, S., 1992. Global observations of lightning from space, Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, St. Petersburg, pp. 316–321; Christian, H.J., Blakesee, R.J., Goodman, S.J., 1992. Lightning imaging sensor (LIS) for the earth observing system. NASA Tech. Memorandum, 4350] make it possible—with a high degree of precision—to measure lightning location, occurrence time and frequency f over extensive areas of the Earth's surface. Measured global distributions of lightning and associated lightning stroke radiance demonstrate that: lightning activity is particularly pronounced over the tropics, much greater over land than over the oceans, and exhibits great seasonal variability; lightning radiance tends to be greater over the oceans, less when lightning activity is high, and greater in the Northern Hemisphere winter than summer.  相似文献   

Electrical current along balloon rigging line inside thunderstorms     

Monte G. Bateman  Kenneth B. Eack  W. David Rust  Thomas C. Marshall 《Atmospheric Research》1999,51(3-4)

We have designed a new instrument to measure the current flowing along balloon rigging line during flights through thunderstorms. This instrument was tested in a high voltage facility and used to collect line current data during one balloon flight into a thunderstorm. Using these data, worst-case calculations are made; as such, we claim that they are the upper limits of any alteration (to the measured electric field or particle charge) that may occur, and the real number is likely much less. It is postulated the rigging-line current could have two separate effects on the measured electric field: (1) reduction of the field due to emission of corona ions, and (2) enhancement of the field due to the insertion of a long thin ‘conductor.' Even with current as high as 1 μA (the largest measured was around 50–100 nA), these two effects were found to be about −1% and +1%, respectively. Also, the calculated worst-case alteration to charged precipitation measurements is about 0.1 pC. Thus, with proper efforts to make the rigging line as poor a conductor as possible, it seems that we are justified in stating that these effects are negligible.  相似文献   

阿拉善左旗雷暴活动特征分析     

多福学  刘志宁  马文超  张思莲 《内蒙古气象》2011,(3):51-52

利用阿拉善左旗气象局1971—2000年30年的雷暴资料,对阿拉善左旗雷暴的年、月、日变化及产生和消失的方位进行了统计分析,得到了阿拉善左旗雷暴的变化规律。  相似文献   

不同非感应起电及感应起电参数化方案对青海东部一次雷暴云电荷结构影响的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

李江林  余晔  李万莉  李亚珺 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2366-2381

本研究利用加入起电、放电参数化方案的数值模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model（Version 3.7.1）,WRF3.7.1_ELEC）,通过设计五组不同非感应起电及感应起电参数化方案敏感性试验,对发生在青藏高原东北部青海大通地区的一次雷暴过程进行模拟研究,对比分析了不同非感应起电机制及感应起电机制对雷暴云电荷结构的影响.结果表明：在雷暴云发展旺盛阶段,Saunders（S91）、Riming Rate（RR）、和Saunders和Peck（SP98）三种非感应起电方案模拟的雷暴云最低层均为负电荷区,而混合方案（Brooks and SP98,BSP）模拟的雷暴云最低层为正电荷区,主电荷区自下而上为"+-+-"排列的四层电荷结构.与甚高频辐射源定位法推算的结果对比,BSP方案模拟的本次高原雷暴云电荷结构更接近实际情况;几种不同非感应起电方案模拟的主电荷区外围与主电荷区电荷结构不同,说明在雷暴发展的不同阶段雷暴云的电荷结构是不同的;几种非感应起电方案模拟的电荷结构不尽相同,主要是由于霰、冰和雪粒子在不同高度所带电荷的极性及电量的大小不同,霰粒子的电荷密度对低层的影响较大,冰粒子和雪粒子的电荷密度对中上层的影响较大;加入感应起电机制后,雷暴云电荷结构分布几乎没有变化,但能使雷暴云发展旺盛阶段低层和中层的正负电荷区电荷密度有所加强.  相似文献   

湖北地区一次雷暴云电荷结构和放电特征的数值模拟研究     

孙京  师正  柴健  苟阿宁 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(6):52-60

在三维强风暴动力—电耦合数值模式中引入非感应起电参数化方案、感应起电参数化方案以及放电参数化方案,对湖北宜昌2014年6月19日一次闪电过程中雷暴云电荷结构和放电特征进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明,当云内粒子增多、增大,大部分霰粒子逐渐降落到中低层,上部正电荷区减小,底部正电荷堆范围开始扩大,中部负电荷区和底部正电荷区成为主要的起电区域,这种底部正电荷区较厚的三极性电荷结构不利于地闪的产生。在粒子带电分析中,霰与冰晶粒子携带的电荷量均大于云滴,说明霰与冰晶之间非感应碰撞是云中主要的起电过程。虽然云滴的电荷量较小,但霰与云滴之间感应碰撞的作用不可忽视。结合电荷结构的分布,发现底部正电荷堆的垂直分布高度与霰粒子、云滴的电荷浓度的分布有关,且霰与云滴电荷浓度的累积区与底部正电荷堆相一致。  相似文献   

一个准稳态的全球大气电路模式     

张义军  言穆弘 《高原气象》1990,9(3):293-306

本文用一个全球大气电导率模式和一个全球大气电路模式,计算了地形、大气气溶胶及太阳活动对大气电参量的影响,并估算了它们对地面电流密度和电场的分布影响。结果表明:地形的存在使电离层电势增加,雷暴分布的改变对大气电参量平均值无影响;气溶胶浓度与电离层电势及晴天电阻成正相关。宇宙射线与电离层电势及气—地电流成正相关;气溶胶浓度和宇宙射线的变化也会影响到晴天区电场以及雷暴区地面电流密度和电场;太阳质子流的注入使全球地面电场和电流密度增大,电离层电势不变。  相似文献   

1988年9—11月西太平洋海区大气电场特征分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

言穆弘  肖庆复 《高原气象》1990,9(4):395-404

本文利用西太平洋海区平均电场资料分析晴天和雷暴天气下地面电场特征。分析指出:雷暴下海面电场多正极性。极性通常与云顶温度有关,弱雷暴的云下部带正电荷。海洋雷暴闪电频数很低,且正闪多于负闪。分析又指出:晴天海面电场的脉动变化和近海面湍流活动有很好的对应关系,利用电场峰值宽度和间隔来估算湍流尺度和间隔距离,和湍流活动的实测结果有较好的一致性。  相似文献