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31.
本研究选择杭州湾庵东浅滩作为研究区,选取盐沼区三个不同植被带进行柱状样的采集,通过测量沉积物的粒度、沉积速率、碳氮含量(有机碳、总碳、总氮、碳氮比)等参数,系统分析研究区盐沼湿地植被演替对盐沼物质循环产生的影响。研究结果发现,不同植被覆盖下沉积物粒径差异显著,沿海向陆逐渐变细;沉积速率从海三棱藨草滩、互花米草滩、植被交错区依次递减;总碳、总氮、有机碳含量特征为互花米草滩植被交错区海三棱藨草滩,碳氮比介于6～9,有机碳以海源物质为主;通过计算,发现有机碳埋藏速率为互花米草[159 g/(m2·a)]海三棱藨草[140 g/(m2·a)]植被交错区[119 g/(m2·a)]。从整体上来看,杭州湾南岸盐沼从海三棱藨草群落向互花米草群落演替时,沉积物颗粒发生细化,沉积速率有所变化,而总碳、有机碳、总氮含量增加,盐沼有机碳埋藏速率增加。 相似文献
32.
María Fernanda Adame David Neil Sara F. Wright Catherine E. Lovelock 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
Coastal wetlands provide important ecological services to the coastal zone, one of which is sediment retention. In this study we investigated sediment retention across a range of geomorphological settings and across vegetation zones comprising coastal wetlands. We selected six coastal wetlands dominated by mangroves over a gradient from riverine to tidal settings in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Each site was comprised of three distinct vegetation communities distributed as parallel zones to the coast line: seaward fringe mangroves, landward scrub mangroves and saltmarsh/ cyanobacteria mat of the high intertidal zone. We measured suspended sediment retention and sedimentation rates. Additionally, in order to assess the origin of sediment transported and deposited in the mangroves, glomalin, a novel terrestrial soil carbon tracer, was used. Our results show a mean average sedimentation of 0.64 ± 0.01 mg cm−2 spring tide−1, which was variable within sites, regardless of geomorphological setting. However, geomorphological setting influenced spatial patterns of sediment deposition. Riverine mangroves had a more homogeneous distribution of sediments across the intertidal zone than tidal mangroves, where most sedimentation occurred in the fringe zone. Overall, the fringe zone retained the majority of sediment entering the coastal wetland during a tidal cycle with 0.90 ± 0.22 mg cm−2 spring tide−1, accounting for 52.5 ± 12.5% of the total sedimentation. The presence of glomalin in suspended sediments, and thus the relative importance of terrigenous sediment, was strongly influenced by geomorphological setting, with riverine mangroves receiving more glomalin in suspended solids than tidal mangroves. Glomalin was also differentially deposited within the vegetation zones at different geomorphological settings: primarily at the fringe zone of tidal mangroves and within the scrub zone of riverine mangroves. The differences we observed in the spatial distribution of sedimentation and the difference in the origin of the sediment deposited in riverine and tidal mangroves are likely to have an impact on ecological processes. 相似文献
33.
Patterns, rates and possible causes of saltmarsh erosion in the Greater Thames area (UK) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The estuary-dominated coast of the Greater Thames in England has experienced rapid lateral erosion and internal dissection of saltmarshes. This paper provides an overview of saltmarsh development in this area, and re-examines the role of environmental and human forcing factors. It draws on documentary evidence, including historical maps, survey data and time-series data of forcing factors. Lateral marsh retreat began in the 19th century in the Medway and Blackwater Estuaries, followed by other estuaries in the Greater Thames region at the beginning of the 20th century. The outer estuaries and the wider parts of the inner estuaries especially have experienced erosion. Erosion has been modest in wave-sheltered areas, e.g., the Colne and the inner Crouch. In the 1960s and, more widely, the 1970s, a phase of rapid erosion took place, with erosion rates of up to ca. 16 ha year−1 per site, notably along the open coast of Dengie and Foulness, and in the Blackwater and Thames Estuaries. At all sites, vertical sediment accretion was well able to keep up with sea level rise over the past century. Evidence indicates that there may have been several causes for the erosion of saltmarshes. These are notably land claim and embankment construction (increasing the tidal range and current velocities) and a continuous rise of, especially, high and extreme water levels. The latest episode of rapid erosion in the 1970s is largely attributed to changes in the wind/wave climate. For example, erosion at wave-exposed sites coincided with a peak in high magnitude waves combined with a high incidence of southeasterly waves. The study shows that many factors, including natural forcing factors and human activities, have to be taken into account when explaining saltmarsh development. 相似文献
34.
The Socio-Economic Costs and Benefits of Coastal Habitat Rehabilitation and Creation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
James Spurgeon 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,37(8-12):373-382
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the merits and limitations of using an economics based approach to assess and implement initiatives for coastal habitat rehabilitation and creation. A review of the literature indicates that habitat rehabilitation/creation costs vary widely between and within ecosystems. For coral reefs, costs range from US$ 10,000 to 6.5 million/hectare (ha);1 for mangroves US$ 3000–510,000/ha; for seagrasses US$ 9000–680,000/ha and for saltmarshes US$ 2000–160,000/ha. A review of the economic benefits derived from various coastal habitats based on a ‘Total Economic Value’ approach (i.e. accounting for direct and indirect uses, and ‘non-uses’) reveals that many thousands of US$ per hectare could ultimately accrue from their rehabilitation/creation. The paper concludes that despite its limitations, the ‘benefit-cost analysis’ framework can play an important role both in assessing the justification of coastal habitat rehabilitation/creation initiatives, and by helping to improve the overall effectiveness of such initiatives. 相似文献
35.
The New South Wales Olympic Co-ordination Authority, which is responsible for the redevelopment of the site for the Olympic Games 2000, Sydney, is committed to the rehabilitation of the remnant ecosystems remaining on the site. This paper describes a 3-year saltmarsh transplantation project, and resulting management approaches for the rehabilitation of other saline wetland areas on the site. Two series of cuttings (spring and autumn) were made, including three dominant species and three species rare in Sydney. It was found that all the species could be propagated without difficulty, but field survival and growth were much higher for the spring series than the autumn one. Measurement was also made of the colonisation of mangrove and saltmarsh species that occurred at the site over the course of the trials. New understandings of estuarine wetland colonisation have emerged, and the information has been used to develop methods of transplantation for other parts of the Olympic site, and to define management needs for monitoring success. 相似文献
36.
W. Roland Gehrels 《Quaternary Research》1999,52(3):350
A relative sea-level history is reconstructed for Machiasport, Maine, spanning the past 6000 calendar years and combining two different methods. The first method establishes the long-term (103 yr) trend of sea-level rise by dating the base of the Holocene saltmarsh peat overlying a Pleistocene substrate. The second method uses detailed analyses of the foraminiferal stratigraphy of two saltmarsh peat cores to quantify fluctuations superimposed on the long-term trend. The indicative meaning of the peat (the height at which the peat was deposited relative to mean tide level) is calculated by a transfer function based on vertical distributions of modern foraminiferal assemblages. The chronology is determined from AMS 14C dates on saltmarsh plant fragments embedded in the peat. The combination of the two different approaches produces a high-resolution, replicable sea-level record, which takes into account the autocompaction of the peat sequence. Long-term mean rates of sea-level rise, corrected for changes in tidal range, are 0.75 mm/yr between 6000 and 1500 cal yr B.P. and 0.43 mm/yr during the past 1500 years. The foraminiferal stratigraphy reveals several low-amplitude fluctuations during a relatively stable period between 1100 and 400 cal yr B.P., and a sea-level rise of 0.5 m during the past 300 years. 相似文献
37.
海岸带盐沼植被可以减缓流速,具有重要的缓流固滩功能。本文以长江口崇明东滩盐沼区植被海三棱藨草（Scirpus Mariqueter）为研究对象,设置“光滩—植被带边缘—植被带”的观测样带,研究生长中期、生长后期和枯萎期不同物候期海三棱藨草缓流能力的差异。结果表明：海三棱藨草植被带具有显著的缓流能力,平均流速小于相邻光滩,缓流能力强于相邻光滩,单位距离流速衰减率是光滩的1.47～3.48倍;不同物候期缓流能力存在差异,呈现生长中期>生长后期>枯萎期的规律,生长中期、生长后期和枯萎期的单位距离流速衰减率分别为1.15%,1.06%和0.50% m-1。海三棱藨草植被带的单位距离流速衰减率与植被带边缘流速呈正相关,3个物候期的相关性系数（R）均大于0.80;除枯萎期为正相关外,生长中期、生长后期植被单位距离流速衰减率与边缘水深为负相关,R的绝对值均超过0.90。 相似文献