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31.
西藏罗布莎不同类型铬铁矿的特征及成因模式讨论 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中产出的豆荚状铬铁矿是铬的主要来源。已有的研究表明,豆荚状铬铁矿形成于洋中脊或俯冲带的浅部地幔环境。但随着近些年在豆荚状铬铁矿及围岩地幔橄榄岩中不断发现金刚石等深部矿物,人们也开始质疑豆荚状铬铁矿的浅部成因理论。本文系统研究了西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段的罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿床,识别出两类铬铁矿,一类以方辉橄榄岩为围岩的致密块状铬铁矿(Cr1#),另一类是以纯橄岩壳为围岩的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)。两类铬铁矿在铬尖晶石的矿物化学成分、PGE和Re-Os同位素特征上存在较大差别,属不同演化过程的结果。地幔橄榄岩的地球化学特征指示罗布莎橄榄岩中存在由低铬且轻稀土亏损和高铬且轻稀土富集的两类方辉橄榄岩。在此基础上,提出豆荚状铬铁矿为多阶段形成的新认识,经历了早期俯冲至地幔过渡带(410~660km)的陆壳和洋壳物质被脱水和肢解,过渡带产生的热和流体促成了地幔的熔融和Cr的释放和汇聚;铬铁矿浆在地幔柱/地幔对流驱动下,运移至过渡带顶部冷凝固结,并有强还原性的流体进入,后者携带了深部形成的金刚石、斯石英等高压矿物,并进入"塑性-半塑性地幔橄榄岩"中;随着物质向上移动,深度降低,早期超高压相矿物发生相变,如斯石英转变成柯石英,高压相的铬铁矿中出溶成柯石英和单斜辉石;在侵位过程和俯冲带环境,含水熔体与方辉橄榄岩反应形成了不含超高压矿物的规模相对较小的浸染状铬铁矿(Cr2#)及纯橄岩壳。 相似文献
32.
西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中含有目前世界上已知最富铬的包裹体橄榄石(Cr2O3含量最高达1.49%)和富含铬铁矿出溶体的变形残晶橄榄石。通过对富铬橄榄石产出特征和其中Cr与其他元素相关关系的分析,结合前人的研究,指出铬是以还原态的Cr2+进入橄榄石晶格的,Cr2+可能以占据空位和部分替代Fe2+的方式稳定于富铬橄榄石初始相的晶格中。鉴于前人在罗布莎地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中大量超高压强还原相矿物的发现,认为这些富铬橄榄石的初始相可能为形成于地幔过渡带或下地幔的瓦兹利石或林伍德石,富铬橄榄石的产出也反过来证明了罗布莎地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中部分物质的深部地幔来源。 相似文献
33.
The Zedang and Luobusa ophiolites are located in the eastern section of the Yalung Zangbo ophiolite belt,and they share similar geological tectonic setting and age.Thus,an understanding of their origins is very important for discussion of the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean.There is no complete ophiolite assemblage in the Zedang ophiolite.The Zedang ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotite and a suite of volcanic rocks as well as siliceous rocks,with some blocks of olivinepyroxenite.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of Cpx-harzburgite,harzburgite,some lherzolite,and some dunite.A suite of volcanic rocks is mainly composed of caic-aikaline pyroclastic rocks and secondly of tholeiitic pillow lavas,basaltic andesites,and some boninitic rocks with a lower TiO2 content （TiO2 ＜ 0.6％）.The pyroclastic rocks have a LREE-enriched REE pattern and a LILE-enriched （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,demonstrating an island-arc origin.The tholeiitic volcanic rock has a LREE-depleted REE pattern and a LILE-depleted （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,indicative of an origin from MORB.The boninitic rock was generated from fore-arc extension.The Luobusa ophiolite consists of mantle peridotite and mafic-ultramaflc cumulate units,without dike swarms and volcanic rocks.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite with low-Opx （Opx ＜ 25％）,and harzburgite （Opx ＞ 25％）,which can be divided into two facies belts.The upper is a dunite-harzburgite （Opx ＜ 25％） belt,containing many dunite lenses and a large-scale chromite deposit with high Cr203; the lower is a harzburgite （Opx ＞25％） belt with small amounts of dunite and lherzolite.The Luobusa mantle peridotite exhibits a distinctive vertical zonation of partial melting with high melting in the upper unit and low melting in the lower.Many mantle peridotites are highly depleted,with a characteristic U-shaped REE pattern peculiar to fore-arc peridotite.The Luobusa cumulates are composed of wehrlite and olivine-pyroxenite,of the P-P-G ophiolite series.This study indicates that the Luobusa ophiolite was formed in a fore-arc basin environment on the basis of the occurrence of highly depleted mantle peridotite,a high-Cr2O3 chromite deposit,and cumulates of the P-P-G ophiolite series.We conclude that the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean involved three stages：the initial ocean stage （formation of MORB volcanic rock and dikes）,the forearc extension stage （formation of high-Cr203 chromite deposits and P-P-G cumulates）,and the islandarc stage （formation of caic-alkaline pyroclastic rocks）. 相似文献
34.
In-situ Moissanite in Dunite: Deep Mantle Origin of Mantle Peridotite in Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We report the discovery of an in-situ natural moissanite as an inclusion in the Cr-spinel from the dunite envelope of a chromitite deposit in Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. The moissanite occurs as a twin crystal interpenetrated by two quadrilateral signal crystals with sizes of 17 μm× 10 μm and 20 μm× 7 μm, respectively. The moissanite is green with parallel extinction. The absorption peaks in its Raman spectra are at 967-971 cm-1, 787-788 cm-1, and 766 cm-1. The absorption peaks in the infrared spectra are at 696 cm-1, 767 cm-1, 1450 cm-1, and 1551 cm-1, which are distinctly different from the peaks for synthetic silicon carbide. Moissanites have been documented to form in ultra-high pressure, high temperature, and extremely low fO2 environments and their 13C-depleted compositions indicate a lower mantle origin. Combined with previous studies about other ultra-high pressure and highly reduced minerals in Luobusa ophiolite, the in-situ natural moissanite we found indicates a deep mantle origin of some materials in the mantle sequence of Luobusa ophiolite. Further, we proposed a transformation model to explain the transfer process of UHP materials from the deep mantle to ophiolite sequence and then to the supra-subduction zone environment. Interactions between the crown of the mantle plume and mid-ocean ridge are suggested to be the dominant mechanism. 相似文献
35.
西藏罗布莎康金拉铬铁矿区地幔橄榄岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对罗布莎蛇绿岩康金拉11号铬铁矿矿体的近矿围岩纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩分别进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示两个样品的年龄都非常发散:纯橄岩的时代跨越早白垩世到太古宙,年龄125.6±2.6~1791±23Ma,4粒锆石的加权平均年龄为130.0±2.8Ma(2.1%)。而方辉橄榄岩的年龄208.9±3.7~2770±44Ma,从晚三叠世到太古宙,2粒锆石的加权平均值为209.7±5.2Ma(2.5%),锆石的复杂年代学结果反映该岩石经历的多阶段地质演化过程。激光拉曼分析显示纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩中的锆石含磷灰石、长石和石英为主的地壳物质包裹体,暗示其地壳成因,记录了地幔经历了地壳混染过程。这些物质存在于由洋底扩张形成的蛇绿岩中,表明俯冲下去的大陆地壳物质在地幔循环中被运移到海底扩张脊并出露地表。结合我们在康金拉地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿中发现的大量异常地幔矿物,可能显示了一个地壳物质俯冲至地幔,而后从洋脊回到地表的物质循环过程,佐证了豆荚状铬铁矿多阶段多期次的演化模式。 相似文献
36.
喜马拉雅造山带北缘的大反转逆冲断层(GCT)位于印度-亚洲的碰撞边界,平行雅鲁藏布江缝合带展布,向北逆冲使特提斯喜马拉雅地体向北叠覆在冈底斯地体之上。大反转逆冲断裂制约了中新世Kailas式系列磨拉石盆地(Kailas、秋乌、大竹曲、罗布莎以及朗县)的发育,自西向东磨拉石盆地中砾石变形逐渐增强。本文通过GCT东段"罗布莎-郎县砾岩"的研究,获得罗布莎-朗县变形砾岩中的碎屑锆石的沉积上限年龄为早渐新世(28.7~29.1Ma)。罗布莎-郎县砾岩具有基质糜棱岩化、发育地震化石假熔岩和向北剪切指向的特征,表明其经历了受GCT断裂控制的砾岩盆地在浅部形成、插入10~15km深部并受地震影响形成假熔岩,然后折返到地表的过程。 相似文献
37.
西藏罗布莎铬铁矿体围岩方辉橄榄岩中的异常矿物 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6
近些年,我们在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩型铬铁矿中发现金刚石和柯石英等超高压矿物和异常地幔矿物,成果多次在美国AGU会议上做特邀报告,发表在2007年(Geology)和国内期刊上,并有4个新矿物获得国际新矿物委员会批准.这些成果在国内外引起广泛关注,也引发出一系列新的科学问题,例如,金刚石的赋存状态,物质来源和成因?与其伴随的铬铁矿的成因,与金刚石的关系?两者形成的地质背景、物理化学环境、保存和运移的规律、机制,等等.为了探讨这些问题,我们认为除了研究罗布莎铬铁矿之外,还应该开展铬铁矿的围岩地幔橄榄岩的研究,看看它们中都有什么矿物,与铬铁矿中的矿物究竟存在什么异同以及两者之间的成因联系?为此,我们从西藏罗布莎铬铁矿31号矿体不同高度取回两个各自为1吨重的方辉橄榄岩围岩样品,开展人工重砂矿物的分选.通过矿物成分、激光拉曼和X射线衍射光谱的研究,从中识别出金刚石等50余种矿物.经初步对,认为铬铁矿围岩方辉橄榄岩中发现的矿物组合与铬铁矿中相似,表明两者存在成因上的联系,并可能共同经历了从深部到浅部的地质过程. 相似文献
38.
0 引言
西藏罗布莎铬铁矿矿物学研究首先是由1981年在罗布莎和东巧两个地幔橄榄岩中发现了金刚石而引发的.1996～2004年,在地矿部地调局和加拿大NSERC资助下开展了"西藏超高压矿物群"的课题研究. 相似文献
39.
