生物标志物地球化学的新进展   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

陈建渝 《地质科技情报》1995,14(1):35-44

生物标志物地球化学是７０年代以来迅速发展起来的分支学科。它通过分析生物标志物的化学组成及构型转化来研究沉积有机质的演化及沉积矿产特别是石油的成因。本文以我国东部油田下第三系生油岩及原油中生物标志物的分布为例，简介了它们为油气勘探提供有关有机质来源、沉积环境、成熟度、油气运移及生物降解等多方面信息的重要作用及其新的进展。  相似文献   

宣龙式铁矿生物标志物（烷烃）的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘志礼  杜汝霖 《地质学报》1995,69(2):138-145

笔者通过对河北庞家堡碾盘山，大堡堆和龙关共８个铁矿岩样的生物标志物（烷烃）的研究，发展这些样品中ｎＣ１５－ｎＣ２０含量较高，主峰碳都在ｎＣ１６、ｎＣ１７、ｎＣ１８；植烷，姥鲛烷很丰富。这些结果表明矿体中的铁质叠层石和铁质核形石是藻成沉积构造。聚铁作用的发生主要是蓝藻生命活动所引起。该研究结果为宣龙式乌托邦成因提供了新的价值的证据。  相似文献   

Biomarkers (Alkanes )of the Xuanlong - Type Iron Deposits     

Liu Zhili  Liu Xuexian  Li Pengfu Department of Biology  Nanjing University  Nanjing  Jiangsuand Du Rulin Hebei College of Geology  Shijiazhuang  Hebei Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):387-395

The authors studied the biomarkers (alkanes) of eight iron ore samples from Nianpanshan and Dsbaodui of Pangjiabao and Longguan, Xuanhua, Hebei. These samples have higher nC15-nC20 contents, with main peaks at nC16, nC 17 and nC18, and contain abundant pristane and phytane. These results indicate that iron stromatolite and iron oncolites in orebodies are sedimentary structures of algal origin. Sedimentary iron accumulation mainly results from activity of blue algae. This study provides new valuable evidence for the origin of Xuanlong-type iron deposits.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂地球化学特征及Re-Os同位素定年     

黄少华  秦明宽  David SELBY  刘银山  许强  何中波  刘章月  刘俊杰 《地学前缘》2018,25(2):254-266

盆地边缘浅部的油气充注史研究是探讨油气流体和砂岩型铀矿关系面临的关键难题。对准噶尔盆地西北缘超覆带侏罗系油砂提取物进行饱和烃GC-MS分析、碳同位素测试及Re-Os同位素定年。结果表明,样品普遍遭受了至少5级的生物降解,部分甾烷化合物参数已不能客观反映油源特征。而萜烷抗降解能力强,其分布谱图比较相似,C20、C21、C23三环萜烷的相对丰度呈“上升型”;C23/H比值为0.75~1.34;G/H比值为0.27~0.65;以上指示了石油的母质以湖相低等水生生物输入为主,形成于半咸水、偏还原的沉积环境。样品的氯仿沥青“A”及族组分的碳同位素组成较轻且几乎一致,均低于-28‰,进一步表明该区侏罗系中的石油具有相同来源,初始来源于玛湖坳陷二叠系风城组,而与佳木河组和乌尔禾组的关系不大。油砂Re-Os同位素测年首次获得了等时线年龄为(155±51) Ma,表明西北缘侏罗系在晚侏罗世-早白垩世发生了一期大规模的油气充注,进而掩盖和保护了中、下侏罗统于中、晚侏罗世阶段形成的古层间氧化带型铀矿体,并增加了找矿难度。  相似文献   

松辽盆地姚家车站剖面嫩江组一段下部湖相有机质组成及其沉积环境特征     

童晓宁  胡建芳  祝孟博  席党鹏  宋建中  彭平安 《地球化学》2019,(2):149-160

姚家车站剖面位于松辽盆地东南部,是研究嫩江组一段烃源岩发育时湖泊沉积环境的一个典型露头剖面。通过测定和分析总有机碳(TOC)含量及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_org)、特征分子标志物(Pr/Ph、伽玛蜡烷、C30甾烷、芳基类异戊二烯、脱羟基维生素E和GDGTs)的剖面变化,讨论了嫩江组一段下部湖泊有机质组成及沉积环境特征。根据剖面各参数的变化特征,可将其沉积划分为2个阶段。剖面TOC含量为0.06%～3.98%,具有阶段Ⅰ高,阶段Ⅱ低的特征,主要受初级生产力水平和保存条件的控制。δ¹³C_org值揭示出沉积有机质主要来源于湖泊内源。特征生物标志物的剖面变化表明:嫩江组一段沉积期湖泊水体分层,下部水体缺氧,且阶段Ⅰ和阶段Ⅱ的上部湖泊水体缺氧已上升至透光带;湖泊下层水体盐度相对较高,存在短期快速变化。24-正丙基胆甾烷和24-异丙基胆甾烷含量的剖面变化揭示出嫩江组一段时期松辽古湖盆发生了海侵,但海侵是间歇性的,而不是持续的。分析认为:松辽海侵的发生与高盐、缺氧、分层的水体环境及油页岩的形成密切相关。尝试利用TEX₈₆指标定量重建了嫩江组一段下部古湖泊水体温度,结果表明松辽盆地在白垩纪基本处在亚热带气候区。  相似文献   

木质素的生物降解及其对陆源有机碳指示作用的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

兰海青  李先国  张婷  孙书文 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(1):123-129

海洋沉积物中的木质素是陆源有机碳输入的良好标志物,但在迁移埋藏的过程中会发生生物降解,对其指示作用产生影响。本文简要介绍了木质素的结构、指示参数、降解木质素的微生物和降解机理,重点介绍了生物降解过程中木质素参数的变化及对其指示作用的影响,并总结了解决这一问题的方法,指出必须采用多种方法的结合,获取更多的信息才能保证结果的正确性。  相似文献   

东海沉积物中微生物标志物GDGTs年代际变化及来源   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张婷  邢磊  张海龙  李莉  赵晓晨  陈蔚芳  赵美训 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(3):87-95

甘油双烷基甘油四醚(Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,GDGTs)是近几年来新发现的一类生物标志化合物,基于GDGTs的各种指标以其在指示物质来源以及海洋和陆地古温度重建等方面显示出的巨大应用潜力,逐渐成为古海洋学、古湖沼学和古气候学研究的重要工具。对采自东海陆架区的DH5-1站位(29°28.118′N、123°06.639′E,水深63.5m)的柱状沉积物样品进行了总有机质和GDGTs分析,研究了GDGTs化合物在东海陆架区柱状沉积物样品中的含量和沉积通量变化,并利用δ13 C、C/N以及基于GDGTs化合物的BIT指标讨论了该海区近150年来沉积有机质的来源变化。结果显示,近百年来东亚冬季风的增强,加强了冬季闽浙沿岸流对长江口沉积物的搬运,使得该海区陆源输入量呈增加趋势,但20世纪80年代以来,人类活动的加剧导致营养盐输入的增加,使得海洋生产力提高,沉积有机质中陆源有机质比例下降。  相似文献   

Biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mytiloida: Mytilidae) exposed to in vivo sub-lethal copper concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李一峰  顾忠旗  刘红  沈和定  杨金龙 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(5):738-745

Many aquatic organisms are negatively affected by exposure to high copper concentrations.We investigated the biochemical response of the mussel Mytilus coruscus(Mytiloida:Mytilidae) to copper exposure.In vivo bioassays using M.coruscus and different copper concentrations were conducted.The activity of six biomarkers,namely superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were measured.Survival rates decreased with increased copper concentrations and exposure times.The LC50 values at 48,72,and 96 h exposure were 0.48,0.37,and 0.32 mg/L,respectively.Within digestive glands,CAT activity increased with increasing Cu concentrations.The activity of AKP showed no significant change,while the remaining four enzymes showed decreasing activity with increasing Cu concentrations.Within the gills,AKP activity increased when the Cu concentration was 0.05 mg/L,but showed no significant changes at higher concentrations.Activity of CAT and ACP within gills tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration.The activity of SOD and GPT decreased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.GOT activity within gills decreased at 0.1 mg/L and increased at an exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L.Within the adductor muscle,AKP activity increased at 0.05 mg/L but did not change at higher exposure concentrations.ACP activity within adductor muscle tissue showed no change,while activities of CAT,GOT and GPT decreased with increasing Cu concentrations.SOD activity within the adductor muscle tissue significantly decreased at the 0.02,0.05 and 0.2 mg/L exposure concentrations.Our results show tissue specific differences for the six biomarkers in for M.coruscus.Our findings provide the basis for the establishment of reference activity levels against which biomarker changes can be estimated,and are essential preliminary steps in development of in vivo bioassays.  相似文献   

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邢磊  赵美训  张海龙  赵晓晨  赵晓辉  杨作升  刘传联 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):1-11

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton community changes indicated by biomarker from sediment in Prydz Bay, Antarctica     

YU Peisong  ZHANG Haisheng  HU Chuanyu  LU Bing 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(4):225-230

Biomarkers including brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenone in sediments are used as indicators to reconstruct changes to the phytoplankton community in surface and sub-aerial sediments of Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The results indicate that the bio- marker records in surface and core sediment samples changed with time and space. The total content of phytoplankton biomarkers ranges from 391.0--1 470.6 ng.g-l. The phytoplankton biomass has increased in Prydz Bay over the past 100 years. This variation may be mainly related with climate change in the region. The total biomarker contents in surface sediments from 5 stations in Prydz Bay are in the range of 215.8--1 294.3 ng.g4. The phytoplankton biomass in Prydz Bay is higher than that outside of the bay. This is similar to the distributions of chlorophyll a, organic carbon and biogenic silica in surface waters determined through in situ investigation. Such consistency indicates a coupling between the bottom of the ocean and biogeochemical processes in the upper water.  相似文献