Geometric and structural river channel complexity and the prediction of urban inundation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Timothy J. Fewtrell  Jeffrey C. Neal  Paul D. Bates  Peter J. Harrison 《水文研究》2011,25(20):3173-3186

Recent research modelling floodplain inundation processes has concentrated on issues surrounding the level of physical, topographical, and numerical solver complexity needed to represent floodplain flows adequately. However, during flooding episodes the channel typically still conveys the bulk of the flow. Despite this, the effect of channel physical processes and topographic complexity on model results has been largely unexplored. To address this, the impact of channel cross‐section geometry, channel long‐profile variability and the representation of hydraulic structures on floodplain inundation are explored using a coupled dynamic 1D‐2D hydraulic model (ESTRY‐TUFLOW) of the Carlisle floods of January 2005. These simulations are compared with those from a simplified 1D‐2D model, LISFLOOD‐FP. In this case, the simpler model is sufficient to simulate the far‐field peak flood elevations. However, comparison of channel dynamics suggests that the full shallow water approximation used by ESTRY‐TUFLOW gives a more robust performance when models calibrated on maximum floodplain water elevations are used to predict channel water levels. Examination of the response of ESTRY‐TUFLOW to variations in channel geometric complexity shows that downstream variations in the channel long profile are more important than cross‐section variability for obtaining a dataset‐independent calibration. The results show, in general, that as model physical complexity is increased, calibrated parameters become less ‘effective’, and as a consequence, the values of performance measures reduce less rapidly away from the optimum value. This means that often more physically complex models are less likely to yield different optimum parameter values when calibrated on different datasets resulting in a more robust numerical model. Lastly, the inclusion of bridge structures can simulate substantial local backwatering effects, but the variability in observed water and wrack marks is such that it is not possible to discern the effect of the bridges at this site in the post‐event observational dataset. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

稠油油藏注超临界二氧化碳驱油影响因素分析     

张丽雅 《地质与勘探》2017,53(4):801-806

本文以辽河油田某断块油藏为研究对象,基于室内实验,结合正交设计试验,以提高原油采收率程度为评价指标,开展了稠油油藏注超临界CO_2驱影响因素研究,并分析了不同变量对注超临界CO_2驱油效率的影响权重。结果表明:CO_2驱油效率随渗透率、气体注入量、油藏温度的增加而增加,随原油粘度的增加而降低,其中:渗透率对原油采收率的影响程度最大,其次是原油粘度、气体注入量、油藏温度、压力。最后,本文总结并分析了我国注CO_2驱油提高原油采收率技术存在的主要问题,并提出拟解决措施。  相似文献   

城市水文单元雨洪监测与模拟研究——以清华大学校园为例          下载免费PDF全文

向晨瑶  刘家宏  王浩  邵薇薇 《水文》2017,37(4):12-17

城市内涝问题进一步突显了城市水文循环研究的重要性。基于地表建筑、地下管道、雨水工程等资料,基于SWMM建立了清华大学校园雨洪模拟模型,根据2015年5月10日和2012年7月21日两场降雨事件的实测资料,进行了清华大学校园水文过程精细模拟,用道路积水深度率定验证模型。模拟结果表明:(1)集水区下垫面透水性强弱不同时,产流过程仍十分相似,最大洪峰发生时间相同;(2)绿化带削减洪量的作用显著,不透水面积越大的地方越容易发生街道积水;(3)道路水深对降雨强度响应敏感,低强度降雨事件中,道路积水表现出0.5~1h的滞后。  相似文献   

致密油藏不同开发方式原油动用规律实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘伟义  郎东江  伦增珉  吕成远  赵淑霞  王海涛  赵清民 《CT理论与应用研究》2016,25(6):647-652

致密油是重要的非常规石油资源,但由于其一次采收率低,需要开展提高采收率研究。由于致密油储层孔隙结构复杂,不同孔隙对产量的贡献差异很大,需要深入研究不同孔隙中原油的动用情况进而优化开发方式。本文采用核磁共振测试与驱替实验相结合的方法开展研究,直观反映不同注入条件下注入介质与原油的驱替过程,明确了注水和注CO₂两种开发方式不同孔隙中原油的动用规律。结果表明:水驱和CO₂驱不同孔隙区间原油动用程度随着驱替压差逐渐增大而增大;水驱和CO₂驱大孔隙中的原油绝大部分被动用,随着孔隙半径逐渐减小,原油动用的比例逐渐降低;小于0.01μm微小孔隙中CO₂驱动用效果明显好于水驱,致密油藏中CO₂更易进入小孔隙提高致密油采收率。   相似文献   

贵阳息烽县阳郎排洪工程水量效应分析——以鱼简河水库至底赛寨为例     

程星  吴伟  覃飞妮 《中国岩溶》2010,29(3):337-340

在没有河谷水文监测资料的情况下,利用洪丰期水量及引洪流量和河谷断面水文参数,计算出引洪前后鱼简河断面水位、流量的变化,并与河岸农田、村舍等地物分布高程对比,进而评估引洪产生的受灾情况。结果表明在阳朗坝排洪412 m3/s的条件下,鱼简河A-A、C-C地段河谷断面承载流量分别为491.091及476.219 m3/s,相对安全,而B-B、D-D地段,河谷断面承载流量分别为365.002及160.675 m3/s,将有可能被洪水淹没成灾。   相似文献   

Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alfonso I. Mejía  Glenn E. Moglen 《水文研究》2010,24(23):3359-3373

An event‐based model is used to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of a basin characterized by an urban land use. The impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness is investigated by accounting for its location within the basin when estimating the generated runoff and the hydrologic response. The event model accounts for infiltration and saturation excess; the excess runoff is routed to the outlet using a geomorphologic unit hydrograph. To represent the spatial distribution of rainfall and imperviousness, radar and remotely derived data are used, respectively. To estimate model parameters and analyse their behaviour, a split sample test and parameter sensitivity analysis are performed. From the analysis of parameters, we found the impervious cover tends to increase the sensitivity and storm dependency of channel routing parameters. The calibrated event model is used to investigate the impact of the imperviousness gradient by estimating and comparing hydrographs at internal locations in the basin. From this comparison, we found the urban land use and the spatial variability of rainfall can produce bigger increases in the peak flows of less impervious areas than the most urbanized ones in the basin. To examine the impacts of the imperviousness pattern, scenarios typifying extreme cases of sprawl type and clustered development are used while accounting for the uncertainty in parameters and the initial condition. These scenarios show that the imperviousness pattern can produce significant changes in the response at the main outlet and at locations internal to the overall watershed. Overall, the results indicate the imperviousness pattern can be an influential factor in shaping the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

聚合物驱后凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油效果     

王中国  张继红  张志明  李旭东  赵倩倩 《东北石油大学学报》2012,36(4):54-58,100,7,8

针对大庆油田N5区西部P1试验区块聚合物驱后含水率上升速度加快,产油量降低,且尚存大量剩余油的现状,提出进一步提高聚合物驱后剩余油的凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油技术,通过实验分析铬离子凝胶体系黏度的影响因素,研究聚合物驱后凝胶体系与二元复合体系(相对分子质量为2 500万的聚合物和RMA-1型表面活性剂)段塞式交替注入驱油的效果;通过数值模拟分析聚合物驱后凝胶与二元复合体系段塞式交替注入驱油的可行性.结果表明:凝胶与二元体系段塞式交替注入驱油阶段采收率在聚合物驱基础上提高10%以上,说明该技术可以作为聚合物驱后进一步提高原油采收率的技术储备.  相似文献   

漫溢干扰对塔里木河河岸退化植被的影响     

傅荩仪  徐海量  赵新风  白元  王希义 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):60-66

在塔里木河下游选取中度退化区、重度退化区和极度退化区进行野外植被调查,通过对比分析漫溢样地与无漫溢样地的数据,初步探讨漫溢干扰对不同退化条件下河岸植被群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明：（1）3个退化区的无漫溢样地均以乔（灌）木为主要生活型,其物种数分别占各自样地总物种数的62.5%、100%和75%。多年生草本为中度退化区和重度退化区漫溢样地的主要生活型,其物种数所占比例分别为37.5%和42.86%;而极度退化区漫溢样地仍以乔（灌）木的物种数占据最大比例,为样地总物种数的50%。（2）漫溢干扰使得3个退化区的群落组成由乔（灌）木占据优势转变为多年生草本和一年生草本占据优势。（3）与无漫溢条件相比,漫溢条件下中度退化区、重度退化区和极度退化区的Simpson指数分别增加了40.55%、66.24%和171.39%,Shannon-Wiener指数分别增加了42.75%、72.68%和197.6%,Margalef指数分别增加了105.98%、88.54%和120.88%。这表明极度退化区的多样性指数受漫溢影响增长比例最大。  相似文献   

基于遥感和历史水位记录的鄱阳湖区淹没风险制图   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐述华  舒晓波  DanielBrown  姜鲁光 《湖泊科学》2009,21(5):720-724

提出了一种利用多时相遥感影像和历史水位观测资料,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能实现冲积平原区洪水风险制图的方法.首先利用9幅鄱阳湖区不同时相的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,通过非监督分类的方法提取水体淹没范围,根据都昌水文站资料1955-2001年间水位记录,分别计算鄱阳湖洪水多发期(6,7,8月份)和全年各水位的超频率(EP),假设在相同水位条件下具有相同的淹没范围,将遥感获取的水体边界作为EP的等值线,在ArcGIS的支持下,利用等值线插值实现鄱阳湖区洪水多发期和全年的水体淹没风险制图.  相似文献   

泾河近代洪水沉积物粒度特征分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

史兴民  师静  万正耀 《中国沙漠》2009,29(2):359-364

泾河是渭河的第一大支流,也是渭河下游和黄河潼关以下洪水的主要来源,洪枯变化量大,通过采集泾河S-剖面27个河漫滩样品,用Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪对其0.1~1 000 μm范围内的粒度进行分析,并根据Folk和Ward的概率公式计算出各种粒度参数。结果显示,泾河S-剖面沉积物指示了至少8次洪水的信息。剖面粒度组成以粉砂为主,其中粗粉砂不仅含量高,而且含量变化很好的对应了洪水变化阶段,可以作为泾河洪水大小的标志性粒级。  相似文献